Exploration on compatibilizing effect of nonionic, anionic, and cationic surfactants on mechanical, morphological, and chemical properties of high-density polyethylene/low-density polyethylene/cellulose biocomposites

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 855-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
AK Sudari ◽  
AA Shamsuri ◽  
ES Zainudin ◽  
PM Tahir
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Sodium Stearate ◽  
High Density ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Compatibilizing Effect

Three types of surfactants, specifically cationic, anionic, and nonionic, at different weight percentages were added into high-density polyethylene/low-density polyethylene/cellulose (HDPE/LDPE/cellulose) biocomposites via melt mixing. The cationic and anionic surfactants which are hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HTAB) and sodium stearate (SS), respectively, were added from 4 to 20 wt%, whereas the nonionic surfactant which is sorbitan monostearate (SM) was added from 1 to 5 wt%. The mechanical testing results exhibited that the addition of HTAB increased tensile strength and tensile modulus, while SS deteriorated mechanical properties, while SM increased impact strength and tensile extension of the biocomposites. Based on the mechanical properties results, optimum weight percentages of HTAB and SM were 12 wt% and 4 wt%, respectively. The scanning electron microscopic micrographs displayed that the amount of cellulose fillers pullout decreased with the addition of HTAB, followed by SM, but it increased with SS. Fourier transform infrared spectra, X-ray diffractometer patterns, thermogravimetric analysis results, and differential scanning calorimetry thermograms have confirmed the presence of physical interactions only with the addition of HTAB and SM. Based on the results, compatibilizing effect was found in HTAB, whereas SM has not showed compatibilizing effect but instead plasticizing effect. However, neither compatibilizing nor plasticizing effect was exhibited by SS.

Role of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube on Mechanical Reinforcement of High-Density Polyethylene

2013 ◽  
Vol 652-654 ◽  
pp. 15-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Ran Miao ◽  
Yuan Jiang Qi ◽  
Xiao Yun Li ◽  
Yu Zhu Wang ◽  
Xiao Long Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
High Density ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon ◽  
Mechanical Reinforcement ◽  
Multi Wall Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
X Ray Scattering

The high density polyethylene (HDPE) nanocomposites were prepared by melt mixing HDPE with multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). In this work, the morphological, nucleation, crystallization and mechanical properties of the HDPE nanocomposites were studied by scanning electron microscopy, different scanning calorimetry, small-angle X-ray scattering and tensile testing. It was found that the tensile strength and Young’s modulus is increased by 42.4% and 116.5% at 3.wt% MWCNT loading compared to the pure HDPE. According to SEM results combined with SAXS, well-defined nanohybird shish-kebab (NHSK) entities exist in the composites, and in the shish-kebab structures fibrillous carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) act as shish while HDPE lamellae act as kebab. The crystallization behavior, probed by DSC, suggests that MWCNTs have strong nucleation ability and shear stress plays an important role in polymer crystallization process. The mechanical properties demonstrated that the formation of the Shish-kebab structures improved the interfacial adhesion and brought obvious mechanical enhancement for the HDPE/MWCNTs nanocomposites.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF COCONUT SHELL ADDITION ON PHYSICO-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF WOOD PLASTIC COMPOSITES1

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Éverton Hillig ◽  
Ignacio Bobadilla ◽  
Ademir José Zattera ◽  
Érick Agonso Agnes de Lima ◽  
Raquel Marchesan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
High Density ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Cellulosic Material ◽  
Thermoplastic Matrix

ABSTRACT In this study, composites with three types of thermoplastic matrix and cellulosic material in a proportion of 40% were produced. The three thermoplastic matrices were high density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP) and low density polyethylene (LDPE), and the cellulosic materials were pure wood flour (Pinus taeda L) or a mixture of wood flour and coconut shell flour (Cocus nucifera L) in equal ratios. The objective was to evaluate the influence of addition of coconut shell on the physico-mechanical properties (density, strength and rigidity) and the distribution of the cellulosic material in the thermoplastic matrix of the manufactured composites. It was found that the composites had a satisfactory distribution of wood flour in thermoplastic matrices, but the addition of coconut shell promoted bubble formation in the resulting pieces and, thus, interfered with the material properties. The use of a coupling agent promoted interfacial adhesion (cellulose - thermoplastic matrix), which was better in high density polyethylene composites, followed by polypropylene and low density polyethylene. In general, the coconut shell addition caused a decrease of all properties compared to composites made with Loblolly Pine. In addition, the interactions between thermoplastic type and cellulosic matrix type have been statistically confirmed, which caused variations in the studied properties

Morphological characterization, thermal, and mechanical properties of compatibilized high density polyethylene/polystyrene/organobentonite ternary nanocomposites

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 827-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farida Yahiaoui ◽  
Ouahida Bensebia ◽  
Assia Siham Hadj-Hamou
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
High Density ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Melt Mixing

Abstract Composite materials made from high density polyethylene (HDPE) and polystyrene (PS) were successfully prepared in different HDPE/PS weight ratios, by melt mixing 3 wt% of bentonite clay organically modified with hexadecyl ammonium chloride (organo-modified bentonite, OBT). The structure and morphology of these composites were examined by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Morphological changes between the composite and the constituent materials were observed. The decrease in PS (or HDPE) particle size in HDPE/PS 70/30 (or 30/70) that blend after the OBT addition reflects a clear improvement in the HDPE/PS blend compatibility. The effect of OBT on the thermal and mechanical properties was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and tensile measurements. The main results show a decrease in the HDPE crystallinity in the composite matrices, which reaches 25% for HDPE/PS/OBT 29/68/3 composite, also an improvement of the thermal stability, as evidenced by the higher Tonset values, and finally a reinforcement of the tensile properties as compared to the unfilled blends. Indeed, a significant enhancement of the tensile modulus (~130%) is observed for the 68/29/3 composite matrix as compared to the 70/30 unfilled blend.

scholarly journals Phase Equilibria and Interdiffusion in Bimodal High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) and Linear Low-Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) Based Compositions

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 811
Author(s):  
Ildar I. Salakhov ◽  
Anatoly E. Chalykh ◽  
Nadim M. Shaidullin ◽  
Alexey V. Shapagin ◽  
Nikita Yu. Budylin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Laser Interferometry ◽  
High Density ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Polarization Microscopy ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
State Diagrams ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Temperature Dependences

The compositions based on bimodal high-density polyethylene (HDPE, copolymer of ethylene with hexene-1) and in mixture with monomodal tercopolymer of ethylene with butene-1/hexene-1 (LLDPE, low-density polyethylene) have been studied. Phase equilibrium, thermodynamic parameters of interdiffusion in a wide range of temperatures and ratios of co-components were identified by refractometry, differential scanning calorimetry, optical laser interferometry, X-ray phase analysis. The phase state diagrams of the HDPE—LLDPE systems were constructed. It has been established that they belong to the class of state diagrams of “solid crystal solutions with unrestricted mixing of components”. The paired parameters of the components interaction and their temperature dependences were calculated. Thermodynamic compatibility of α-olefins in the region of melts and crystallization of one of the components has been shown. The kinetics of formation of interphase boundaries during crystallization of α-olefins has been analyzed. The morphology of crystallized gradient diffusion zones has been analyzed by optical polarization microscopy. The sizes of spherulites in different areas of concentration profiles and values of interdiffusion coefficients were determined.

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