Properties investigation of 3D printed continuous pineapple leaf fiber-reinforced PLA composite

2020 ◽  
pp. 089270572094537
Author(s):  
Jaya Suteja ◽  
Hudiyo Firmanto ◽  
Arum Soesanti ◽  
Christian Christian
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Composite Part ◽  
Dimensional Error ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Pineapple Leaf Fiber ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Leaf Fiber

Previous researchers tried to improve the mechanical properties of 3D printed part by adding short or continuous, natural, or nonnatural fibers as the reinforcement for thermosetting or thermoplastic matrix. None of the research found in the literature incorporates continuous natural pineapple leaf fiber as the reinforcement for polylactic acid (PLA) matrix by using 3D printing. The objective of this research is to investigate the tensile strength, the elongation, and the dimensional error of the 3D printed parts made of continuous pineapple leaf fiber-reinforced PLA composite using different values of extrusion temperature and feed rate. The experiment involves 32 factorial design with two replications and, therefore, prints 18 tensile test specimens according to ASTM D638. Based on the result of the experiment, it can be concluded that the use of continuous pineapple leaf fiber as the reinforcement for the PLA matrix increases the tensile strength of the composite. The use of continuous pineapple leaf fiber does not increase the dimensional error value of the composite part beyond the maximum value of the common fused deposition modeling printed part. Moreover, the required time to print the composite part is the same as the required time to print the pure PLA part. However, the elongation of the composite part is lower than the pure PLA part.

Effect of heat treatment on crystallinity and mechanical properties of flexible structures 3D printed with fused deposition modeling

2021 ◽  
pp. 152808372110649
Author(s):  
Ajay Jayswal ◽  
Sabit Adanur
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Dog Bone ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed

Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is a widely used 3D printing technique, which works based on the principle of melted polymer extrusion through nozzle(s) and depositing them on a build plate layer by layer. However, products manufactured with this method lack proper mechanical strength. In this work, 2/1 twill weave fabric structures are 3D printed using poly (lactic) acid (PLA). The ultimate tensile strength in the warp and weft directions and the modulus (stiffnesses) are measured for non-heat-treated (NHT) samples. The printed samples were heat-treated (HT) to improve the strength and stiffness. The variation in ultimate tensile strength is statistically insignificant in warp direction at all temperatures; however, the tensile strength in weft direction decreased after heat treatment. The modulus in warp direction increased by 31% after heat treatment while in the weft direction it decreased after heat treatment. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) tests showed the highest crystallinity at 125°C. The properties of the twill fabrics were compared with a standard dog-bone (DB) specimen using uniaxial tensile tests, Differential scanning calorimetry tests, and optical microscope (OM). For dog-bone specimens, the maximum values of crystallinity, ultimate tensile strength, and modulus were found to be at 125°C. The maximum crystallinity percentages are higher than that of the NHT samples. The ultimate tensile strength of NHT DB specimen 3D printed in horizontal orientation improved after heat treatment. The ultimate tensile strength of DB samples in vertical directions increased after heat treatment as well. The stiffness increased in both directions for DB samples.

scholarly journals 3D Printing of Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Composites Using Fused Deposition Modeling: A Status Review

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4520
Author(s):  
Salman Pervaiz ◽  
Taimur Ali Qureshi ◽  
Ghanim Kashwani ◽  
Sathish Kannan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Frp Composites ◽  
Deposition Modeling

Composite materials are a combination of two or more types of materials used to enhance the mechanical and structural properties of engineering products. When fibers are mixed in the polymeric matrix, the composite material is known as fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP). FRP materials are widely used in structural applications related to defense, automotive, aerospace, and sports-based industries. These materials are used in producing lightweight components with high tensile strength and rigidity. The fiber component in fiber-reinforced polymers provides the desired strength-to-weight ratio; however, the polymer portion costs less, and the process of making the matrix is quite straightforward. There is a high demand in industrial sectors, such as defense and military, aerospace, automotive, biomedical and sports, to manufacture these fiber-reinforced polymers using 3D printing and additive manufacturing technologies. FRP composites are used in diversified applications such as military vehicles, shelters, war fighting safety equipment, fighter aircrafts, naval ships, and submarine structures. Techniques to fabricate composite materials, degrade the weight-to-strength ratio and the tensile strength of the components, and they can play a critical role towards the service life of the components. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is a technique for 3D printing that allows layered fabrication of parts using thermoplastic composites. Complex shape and geometry with enhanced mechanical properties can be obtained using this technique. This paper highlights the limitations in the development of FRPs and challenges associated with their mechanical properties. The future prospects of carbon fiber (CF) and polymeric matrixes are also mentioned in this study. The study also highlights different areas requiring further investigation in FDM-assisted 3D printing. The available literature on FRP composites is focused only on describing the properties of the product and the potential applications for it. It has been observed that scientific knowledge has gaps when it comes to predicting the performance of FRP composite parts fabricated under 3D printing (FDM) techniques. The mechanical properties of 3D-printed FRPs were studied so that a correlation between the 3D printing method could be established. This review paper will be helpful for researchers, scientists, manufacturers, etc., working in the area of FDM-assisted 3D printing of FRPs.

scholarly journals The Impact of Defects on Tensile Strength and Modulus of 3D Printed Parts Manufactured by Fused deposition Modeling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mobina Movahedi
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Printing Direction

Additive manufacturing (AM), 3D printing, is defined as a process of depositing materials layer by layer to create three-dimensional printed models, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing methodologies. It has the potential of revolutionizing field of manufacturing, which allows us to create more complex geometries with lower cost and faster speed in comparison to injection molding, compression forming, and forging. Therefore, 3D printing can shorten the design manufacturing cycle, reduce the production cost, and increase the competitiveness. Due to the improvements of processes and advancements of modeling and design, Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technologies, a common 3D printing technique, have been involved in wide various applications in the past three decades and numerous studies have been gathered. This research work studies directional properties of FDM 3D printed thermoplastic parts per ASTM D638. Tensile strength and modulus of the coupons along and perpendicular to the printing direction are evaluated. It is observed that FDM 3D printing introduces anisotropic behavior to the manufactured part, e.g. tensile strength of 57.7 and 30.8 MPa for loading along and perpendicular to the printing direction, respectively. FDM 3D printers are not ideal and introduce defects into the manufactured parts, e.g. in the form of missing material, gap. This study investigates the impact of gaps on tensile strength and modulus of 3D printed parts. A maximum reduction of 20% in strength is found for a gap (missing bead) along the loading direction.

scholarly journals The Impact of Defects on Tensile Strength and Modulus of 3D Printed Parts Manufactured by Fused deposition Modeling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mobina Movahedi
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Printing Direction

Additive manufacturing (AM), 3D printing, is defined as a process of depositing materials layer by layer to create three-dimensional printed models, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing methodologies. It has the potential of revolutionizing field of manufacturing, which allows us to create more complex geometries with lower cost and faster speed in comparison to injection molding, compression forming, and forging. Therefore, 3D printing can shorten the design manufacturing cycle, reduce the production cost, and increase the competitiveness. Due to the improvements of processes and advancements of modeling and design, Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technologies, a common 3D printing technique, have been involved in wide various applications in the past three decades and numerous studies have been gathered. This research work studies directional properties of FDM 3D printed thermoplastic parts per ASTM D638. Tensile strength and modulus of the coupons along and perpendicular to the printing direction are evaluated. It is observed that FDM 3D printing introduces anisotropic behavior to the manufactured part, e.g. tensile strength of 57.7 and 30.8 MPa for loading along and perpendicular to the printing direction, respectively. FDM 3D printers are not ideal and introduce defects into the manufactured parts, e.g. in the form of missing material, gap. This study investigates the impact of gaps on tensile strength and modulus of 3D printed parts. A maximum reduction of 20% in strength is found for a gap (missing bead) along the loading direction.

The Influence of Layer Thickness on Mechanical Properties of the 3D Printed ABS Polymer by Fused Deposition Modeling

2016 ◽  
Vol 706 ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pritish Shubham ◽  
Arnab Sikidar ◽  
Teg Chand
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Injection Molding ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Molding Method ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed

3D Printed ABS polymer samples were investigated for understanding the effect of layer thickness on the various mechanical properties of the component. Standard samples with varying layer thickness were prepared by 3D printing machine which works on the principle of Fused Deposition modeling (FDM) method and compared with sample prepared by standard injection molding method. Results show that tensile strength (36 MPa), impact strength (103.6 J/m) and hardness (R107) were highest for the samples made by injection molding method. Furthermore, among 3D printed samples, properties were better with smaller layer thickness. With increase in layer thickness, there was negative effect on mechanical properties as tensile strength, impact strength and hardness decreased. Exception with hardness of 3D printed ABS samples was found; for largest layer thickness hardness further increased instead of decreasing.

Biodegradable 3D Printed Polymer Microneedles for Transdermal Drug Delivery

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Luzuriaga ◽  
Danielle R. Berry ◽  
John C. Reagan ◽  
Ronald A. Smaldone ◽  
Jeremiah J. Gassensmith
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Modeling Software ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Microfabrication Technique ◽  
Mechanical Strengths

Biodegradable polymer microneedle (MN) arrays are an emerging class of transdermal drug delivery devices that promise a painless and sanitary alternative to syringes; however, prototyping bespoke needle architectures is expensive and requires production of new master templates. Here, we present a new microfabrication technique for MNs using fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing using polylactic acid, an FDA approved, renewable, biodegradable, thermoplastic material. We show how this natural degradability can be exploited to overcome a key challenge of FDM 3D printing, in particular the low resolution of these printers. We improved the feature size of the printed parts significantly by developing a post fabrication chemical etching protocol, which allowed us to access tip sizes as small as 1 μm. With 3D modeling software, various MN shapes were designed and printed rapidly with custom needle density, length, and shape. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that our method resulted in needle tip sizes in the range of 1 – 55 µm, which could successfully penetrate and break off into porcine skin. We have also shown that these MNs have comparable mechanical strengths to currently fabricated MNs and we further demonstrated how the swellability of PLA can be exploited to load small molecule drugs and how its degradability in skin can release those small molecules over time.

scholarly journals Controlling magnetic properties of 3D-printed magnetic elastomer structures via fused deposition modeling

AIP Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 025223
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Calascione ◽  
Nathan A. Fischer ◽  
Thomas J. Lee ◽  
Hannah G. Thatcher ◽  
Brittany B. Nelson-Cheeseman
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed
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