scholarly journals Silencing Women? Gender and Online Harassment

2019 ◽  
pp. 089443931986551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjan Nadim ◽  
Audun Fladmoe
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Online Harassment ◽  
Public Debates ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Scale Population ◽  
Gendered Patterns ◽  
Group Characteristics ◽  
Different Levels

While gendered online harassment has received increased attention in academic and public debates, there is a lack of empirical studies examining gender differences in experiences with online harassment. Relying on two independent large-scale population surveys carried out in Norway, this article examines whether women experience more—and different—online harassment than men, to what extent different types of online harassment silence its targets, and whether there are gendered patterns in how online harassment works as a silencing mechanism. Analytically, we distinguish between different levels of severity of online harassment and what the harassment is directed toward. Contrary to popular expectations, we find that more men than women have experienced online harassment. The main reason is that men receive more comments directed at their opinions and attitudes; women and men are equally exposed to harassment directed toward group characteristics. However, targeted women are more likely than targeted men to become more cautious in expressing their opinions publicly. Furthermore, the gender differences increase as the harassment becomes more aggressive and directed toward group characteristics.

scholarly journals Enhancing the Shelf-Life of Fresh Cassava Roots: A Field Evaluation of Simple Storage Bags

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Tomlins ◽  
Aditya Parmar ◽  
Celestina Omohimi ◽  
Lateef Sanni ◽  
Adekola Adegoke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Feasible Solutions ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Significant Factors

Postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD) of fresh cassava roots limits its shelf-life to about 48 hours. There is a demand for simple, cheap, and logistically feasible solutions for extending the shelf life of fresh cassava roots at industrial processes. In this study, three different types of bag materials were tested (woven polypropylene, tarpaulin, and jute as a potential storage solution for cassava roots with different levels of mechanical damages. Microclimate (temperature, humidity, CO2) was monitored to understand the storage conditions for up to 12 days. The results showed that fresh cassava roots could be stored for 8 days, with minimal PPD and starch loss (2.4 %). How-ever, roots with significant mechanical damage (cuts, breakages) had a considerably shorter shelf life in the storage bag, compare to whole roots and roots with retained peduncle (stalk where roots are connected to the main plant). Wetting the roots and type of bag material were not significant factors in determining the shelf life and starch loss. Carbon dioxide concentration in the stores significantly correlated with the starch loss in fresh cassava roots and is proposed as a possible method for continuously and remotely monitoring starch loss in large scale commercial operations and reduce postharvest losses.

Knowing what we know differently

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 1162-1188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu-Sheng Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Organizational Innovation ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Collective Knowledge ◽  
Demographic Diversity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Individual Knowledge ◽  
Individual Professional

Purpose Building on knowledge-based view and demographic diversity theory, the purpose of this paper is to re-conceptualize knowledge heterogeneity (KH) (i.e. diversity in individual or organizational knowledge) and to explore a broader set of relationships between KH and the multidimensional (i.e. dynamics and ambidexterity) innovation. Design/methodology/approach Case studies of organizational KH and innovation ambidexterity were conducted in four representative companies with variated characteristics. Similarities in the heterogeneity-innovation relationships were identified across four very different types of companies, providing a good exploratory base for future large-scale empirical studies. Findings Grounding on locus-of-knowing and timing-of-knowing dimensions, this paper utilizes an inductive approach that analyzes qualitative materials to construct the essential meanings of intraorganizational KH, and to explore the influences KH brings onto the ambidextrous innovation. A four-category typology of KH is emerged. Overall, KH is categorized into four distinctive but inter-related forms: individual professional backgrounds, collective profession backgrounds, individual evolving knowledge portfolio, and collective evolving knowledge portfolio. Research limitations/implications Building on such typology, this paper discusses propositions for the differentiated influences of different forms of KH on dynamic and ambidextrous innovations. Originality/value Whereas individual knowledge benefits independent creativity, complex collective knowledge is more critical for organizational innovation. While research has placed more emphasis on the effects of knowledge accumulation or flow, it neglects the knowledge profile and structure for innovation. The present study explores the effect of heterogeneous knowledge structure on dynamic and ambidextrous innovation.

Empirical Contribution of Human Capital in Entrepreneurship

2021 ◽  
pp. 097215092097670
Author(s):  
Noman Arshed ◽  
Ramla Rauf ◽  
Samra Bukhari
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Quadratic Function ◽  
Generalized Least Squares ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The One ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Empirical Contribution

The empirical effects of entrepreneurship on economic growth through different channels have convinced researchers to coin entrepreneurship as an important indicator. While many studies are exploring the determinants of entrepreneurship, education is the one which is most studied. Empirical studies have discussed that no doubt education leads to entrepreneurship, but different levels of education have different effects. This study isolated different types of education and formed quadratic function in the expectation that the type and incidence of education may change the intentions and environment for the prospective entrepreneur. The estimates of feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) model using 103 countries show that all three levels of education form U-shaped relationship with entrepreneurship in the overall model. This study helps identify the current positioning of countries, suggesting policies with respect to a particular type of education.

scholarly journals Enhancing the Shelf-Life of Fresh Cassava Roots: A Field Evaluation of Simple Storage Bags

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 577
Author(s):  
Keith Tomlins ◽  
Aditya Parmar ◽  
Celestina Ibitayo Omohimi ◽  
Lateef Oladimeji Sanni ◽  
Adekola Felix Adegoke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Feasible Solutions ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Significant Factors

Postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD) of fresh cassava roots limits their shelf-life to about 48 h. There is a demand for simple, cheap, and logistically feasible solutions for extending the shelf life of fresh cassava roots in industrial processes. In this study, three different types of bag materials were tested, namely woven polypropylene, tarpaulin, and jute as a potential storage solution for cassava roots with different levels of mechanical damage. Microclimate related to temperature, humidity, and carbon di-oxide (CO2) was monitored in order to understand the storage conditions for up to 12 days. The results showed that fresh cassava roots could be stored for 8 days, with minimal PPD and starch loss (2.4%). However, roots with significant mechanical damage in the form of cuts and breakages had a considerably shorter shelf life in the storage bag, compared to whole roots and roots with retained stalk (peduncle) where roots are connected to the main plant. Wetting of the roots and bag material were not significant factors in determining the shelf life and starch loss. Carbon dioxide concentration in the stores was significantly correlated with the starch loss in fresh cassava roots and is proposed as a possible method for continuously and remotely monitoring starch loss in large-scale commercial operations and reducing postharvest losses.

scholarly journals Use of mobile applications in the management of overweight and obesity in primary and secondary care

JRSM Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 205427041984382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmaa Alnuaimi ◽  
Salman Rawaf ◽  
Sondus Hassounah ◽  
Mohamad Chehab
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Secondary Care ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mobile Apps ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Current Systematic Review ◽  
Scale Population

Summary Mobile technology has emerged as a potentially useful application in the process of facilitating weight loss management. While several empirical studies have demonstrated the positive effects of mobile-based interventions, the extent of such effectiveness is still a topic of debate. Thus, the current systematic review involved searching electronic databases for studies on the use of mobile app-based interventions in the management of overweight and obesity among adults over 18 years of age in a primary and secondary care setting. The results of the review revealed that mobile apps are effective tools for weight loss management and sustaining such loss when compared to standard interventions. However, further research is needed to consider the sustained benefits and the applicability of mobile app-based interventions for large-scale population coverage.

scholarly journals Nødvendig – Nyttig – Rettferdig? Likestillingsargumenter i offentlig debatt

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hege Skjeie ◽  
Mari Teigen
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Difference ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Public Debate ◽  
Equality Rights ◽  
Attitudinal Data ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Equal Right

This article discusses the steadily stronger emphasize on diversity arguments which underscore ‘gender difference’ and diversity’s ‘utility’ as arguments in support of gender equality in Norwegian public debate. In both party political, femocratic and media mediated debates on gender equality, rights-based justifications seem largely to be replaced by a discourse prioritizing utility/profitability arguments. The article provides a series of examples of these strands of arguments in support of gender equality policies, and outlines a set of normative problems connected with the mixture of gender difference and utility based justifications. In contrast, we argue that comprehensions of ‘gender equality’ rather must be based on a principle of rights where understandings of gender differences are restricted to conditions for access: ‘an equal right to equal participation’. This discussion is supplemented with an analysis of attitudinal data from two surveys conducted as part of the Norwegian Power and Democracy Study (1998-2003), a large scale Elite Survey and a corresponding omnibus. One set of questions in both of these surveys asks people how they prioritize between different types of arguments in support of gender equality. The analysis indicates that the ‘diversity pays’ line of argumentation combined with a ‘rhetoric of difference’ mainly receives support on elite levels of Norwegian society.

Large-Scale Demonstration Experiment of Mental Imagery Ability

1993 ◽  
Vol 76 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1089-1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Richard Ferraro
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Mental Imagery ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Introductory Psychology Class ◽  
Imagery Ability ◽  
Psychology Class ◽  
Demonstration Experiment ◽  
And Gender

The present article describes a demonstration experiment used in a large introductory psychology class pertaining to mental imagery ability. The experiment is effective in providing a concrete instance of mental imagery as well as an effective discussion regarding individual differences and gender differences in imagery ability.

Overview of Subsynchronous Oscillation in Grid-connected Wind Farm

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 969-979
Author(s):  
Xu Pei-Zhen ◽  
Lu Yong-Geng ◽  
Cao Xi-Min
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Induction Generator ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Subsynchronous Oscillation ◽  
Different Types

Background: Over the past few years, the subsynchronous oscillation (SSO) caused by the grid-connected wind farm had a bad influence on the stable operation of the system and has now become a bottleneck factor restricting the efficient utilization of wind power. How to mitigate and suppress the phenomenon of SSO of wind farms has become the focus of power system research. Methods: This paper first analyzes the SSO of different types of wind turbines, including squirrelcage induction generator based wind turbine (SCIG-WT), permanent magnet synchronous generator- based wind turbine (PMSG-WT), and doubly-fed induction generator based wind turbine (DFIG-WT). Then, the mechanisms of different types of SSO are proposed with the aim to better understand SSO in large-scale wind integrated power systems, and the main analytical methods suitable for studying the SSO of wind farms are summarized. Results: On the basis of results, using additional damping control suppression methods to solve SSO caused by the flexible power transmission devices and the wind turbine converter is recommended. Conclusion: The current development direction of the SSO of large-scale wind farm grid-connected systems is summarized and the current challenges and recommendations for future research and development are discussed.

Healthy Children and Fears about Death

1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannelore Wass
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Frequency Intensity

Some explanations for the paucity of empirical studies of death fears in healthy, nonbereaved children are offered, and issues in studying this topic are discussed. Three major findings from the existing literature — occurrence, age/developmental differences, and gender differences in frequency, intensity, and quality — are presented, followed by a discussion of questions that remain largely unanswered and explanations that may need revision.

Bullying, School Violence, and Climate in Evolving Contexts

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron Avi Astor ◽  
Rami Benbenisthty
Keyword(s):  
School Violence ◽  
School Safety ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Teacher Student ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
New Research

Since 2005, the bullying, school violence, and school safety literatures have expanded dramatically in content, disciplines, and empirical studies. However, with this massive expansion of research, there is also a surprising lack of theoretical and empirical direction to guide efforts on how to advance our basic science and practical applications of this growing scientific area of interest. Parallel to this surge in interest, cultural norms, media coverage, and policies to address school safety and bullying have evolved at a remarkably quick pace over the past 13 years. For example, behaviors and populations that just a decade ago were not included in the school violence, bullying, and school safety discourse are now accepted areas of inquiry. These include, for instance, cyberbullying, sexting, social media shaming, teacher–student and student–teacher bullying, sexual harassment and assault, homicide, and suicide. Populations in schools not previously explored, such as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer students and educators and military- and veteran-connected students, become the foci of new research, policies, and programs. As a result, all US states and most industrialized countries now have a complex quilt of new school safety and bullying legislation and policies. Large-scale research and intervention funding programs are often linked to these policies. This book suggests an empirically driven unifying model that brings together these previously distinct literatures. This book presents an ecological model of school violence, bullying, and safety in evolving contexts that integrates all we have learned in the 13 years, and suggests ways to move forward.

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