scholarly journals Enhancing the Shelf-Life of Fresh Cassava Roots: A Field Evaluation of Simple Storage Bags

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 577
Author(s):  
Keith Tomlins ◽  
Aditya Parmar ◽  
Celestina Ibitayo Omohimi ◽  
Lateef Oladimeji Sanni ◽  
Adekola Felix Adegoke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Feasible Solutions ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Significant Factors

Postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD) of fresh cassava roots limits their shelf-life to about 48 h. There is a demand for simple, cheap, and logistically feasible solutions for extending the shelf life of fresh cassava roots in industrial processes. In this study, three different types of bag materials were tested, namely woven polypropylene, tarpaulin, and jute as a potential storage solution for cassava roots with different levels of mechanical damage. Microclimate related to temperature, humidity, and carbon di-oxide (CO2) was monitored in order to understand the storage conditions for up to 12 days. The results showed that fresh cassava roots could be stored for 8 days, with minimal PPD and starch loss (2.4%). However, roots with significant mechanical damage in the form of cuts and breakages had a considerably shorter shelf life in the storage bag, compared to whole roots and roots with retained stalk (peduncle) where roots are connected to the main plant. Wetting of the roots and bag material were not significant factors in determining the shelf life and starch loss. Carbon dioxide concentration in the stores was significantly correlated with the starch loss in fresh cassava roots and is proposed as a possible method for continuously and remotely monitoring starch loss in large-scale commercial operations and reducing postharvest losses.

scholarly journals Enhancing the Shelf-Life of Fresh Cassava Roots: A Field Evaluation of Simple Storage Bags

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Tomlins ◽  
Aditya Parmar ◽  
Celestina Omohimi ◽  
Lateef Sanni ◽  
Adekola Adegoke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Feasible Solutions ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Significant Factors

Postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD) of fresh cassava roots limits its shelf-life to about 48 hours. There is a demand for simple, cheap, and logistically feasible solutions for extending the shelf life of fresh cassava roots at industrial processes. In this study, three different types of bag materials were tested (woven polypropylene, tarpaulin, and jute as a potential storage solution for cassava roots with different levels of mechanical damages. Microclimate (temperature, humidity, CO2) was monitored to understand the storage conditions for up to 12 days. The results showed that fresh cassava roots could be stored for 8 days, with minimal PPD and starch loss (2.4 %). How-ever, roots with significant mechanical damage (cuts, breakages) had a considerably shorter shelf life in the storage bag, compare to whole roots and roots with retained peduncle (stalk where roots are connected to the main plant). Wetting the roots and type of bag material were not significant factors in determining the shelf life and starch loss. Carbon dioxide concentration in the stores significantly correlated with the starch loss in fresh cassava roots and is proposed as a possible method for continuously and remotely monitoring starch loss in large scale commercial operations and reduce postharvest losses.

Shelf-life of Almond Pastry Cookies with Different Types of Packaging and Levels of Temperature

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.V. Romeo ◽  
S. De Luca ◽  
A. Piscopo ◽  
V. Santisi ◽  
M. Poiana
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Aluminum Foil ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Modified Atmosphere ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Storage Temperatures

Almond pastries are typical cookies of the south of Italy. Introduction of new packaging for this kind of cookies requires shelf-life assessments. This study, related to different types of packaging under various storage conditions of time and temperature, identifies critical parameters, as color and texture, to track during storage studies and to extend the shelf-life. The cookies were packed in three different ways and stored at two different temperatures. The pastries were separately stored: (1) in polyvinylchloride film; (2) in aluminum foil (ALL); (3) with modified atmosphere (MAP) in plastic vessels sealed into a polyamide/ polyethylene film; and (4) in vessels without any polymeric film. The storage temperatures were 20 and 30 °C. Evolution of texture, water activity, dry matter and color was assessed. Texture was evaluated by a texture analyzer with a puncturing test. Indices for hardening were the area under the curve (N × mm) up to 10 mm of distance, and the maximum force (N) corresponding to the crust fracture. The best results were obtained with ALL packaging and MAP condition, and above all, in all the trials a temperature of 30 °C reduced the crust hardness.

scholarly journals Silencing Women? Gender and Online Harassment

2019 ◽  
pp. 089443931986551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjan Nadim ◽  
Audun Fladmoe
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Online Harassment ◽  
Public Debates ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Scale Population ◽  
Gendered Patterns ◽  
Group Characteristics ◽  
Different Levels

While gendered online harassment has received increased attention in academic and public debates, there is a lack of empirical studies examining gender differences in experiences with online harassment. Relying on two independent large-scale population surveys carried out in Norway, this article examines whether women experience more—and different—online harassment than men, to what extent different types of online harassment silence its targets, and whether there are gendered patterns in how online harassment works as a silencing mechanism. Analytically, we distinguish between different levels of severity of online harassment and what the harassment is directed toward. Contrary to popular expectations, we find that more men than women have experienced online harassment. The main reason is that men receive more comments directed at their opinions and attitudes; women and men are equally exposed to harassment directed toward group characteristics. However, targeted women are more likely than targeted men to become more cautious in expressing their opinions publicly. Furthermore, the gender differences increase as the harassment becomes more aggressive and directed toward group characteristics.

Conditions and terms of storage of confectionery products

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-71
Author(s):  
M.A. Nikolaeva ◽  
T.S. Tananaeva
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Moderate Temperature ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Confectionery Products

The article discusses the conditions and terms of storage of confectionery products. The purpose of this article is to compare the temperature and humidity storage conditions of different types of confectionery products regulated in various legal documents, as well as to identify criteria for the end of the shelf life of certain classification subgroups. It is established that the majority of sugar and flour-based confectionery products, except for cakes and pastries, as well as roll cakes, belong to the group with a moderate temperature and humidity regime (temperature-18±3°C with relative humidity — no more than 75%). Only cakes and pastries with creams and fruit trimmings belong to the group of refrigerated goods. The result of this work is also determining the criteria for limiting shelf life or storage for different subgroups, types and varieties of confectionery products.

Overview of Subsynchronous Oscillation in Grid-connected Wind Farm

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 969-979
Author(s):  
Xu Pei-Zhen ◽  
Lu Yong-Geng ◽  
Cao Xi-Min
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Induction Generator ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Subsynchronous Oscillation ◽  
Different Types

Background: Over the past few years, the subsynchronous oscillation (SSO) caused by the grid-connected wind farm had a bad influence on the stable operation of the system and has now become a bottleneck factor restricting the efficient utilization of wind power. How to mitigate and suppress the phenomenon of SSO of wind farms has become the focus of power system research. Methods: This paper first analyzes the SSO of different types of wind turbines, including squirrelcage induction generator based wind turbine (SCIG-WT), permanent magnet synchronous generator- based wind turbine (PMSG-WT), and doubly-fed induction generator based wind turbine (DFIG-WT). Then, the mechanisms of different types of SSO are proposed with the aim to better understand SSO in large-scale wind integrated power systems, and the main analytical methods suitable for studying the SSO of wind farms are summarized. Results: On the basis of results, using additional damping control suppression methods to solve SSO caused by the flexible power transmission devices and the wind turbine converter is recommended. Conclusion: The current development direction of the SSO of large-scale wind farm grid-connected systems is summarized and the current challenges and recommendations for future research and development are discussed.

Situational Breakdowns

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Nassauer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Outcomes ◽  
Dynamic Processes ◽  
Collective Decisions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact

This book provides an account of how and why routine interactions break down and how such situational breakdowns lead to protest violence and other types of surprising social outcomes. It takes a close-up look at the dynamic processes of how situations unfold and compares their role to that of motivations, strategies, and other contextual factors. The book discusses factors that can draw us into violent situations and describes how and why we make uncommon individual and collective decisions. Covering different types of surprise outcomes from protest marches and uprisings turning violent to robbers failing to rob a store at gunpoint, it shows how unfolding situations can override our motivations and strategies and how emotions and culture, as well as rational thinking, still play a part in these events. The first chapters study protest violence in Germany and the United States from 1960 until 2010, taking a detailed look at what happens between the start of a protest and the eruption of violence or its peaceful conclusion. They compare the impact of such dynamics to the role of police strategies and culture, protesters’ claims and violent motivations, the black bloc and agents provocateurs. The analysis shows how violence is triggered, what determines its intensity, and which measures can avoid its outbreak. The book explores whether we find similar situational patterns leading to surprising outcomes in other types of small- and large-scale events: uprisings turning violent, such as Ferguson in 2014 and Baltimore in 2015, and failed armed store robberies.

scholarly journals Transcriptional and morphological profiling of parvalbumin interneuron subpopulations in the mouse hippocampus

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Que ◽  
David Lukacsovich ◽  
Wenshu Luo ◽  
Csaba Földy
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Neuronal Identity ◽  
Parvalbumin Interneurons ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Parvalbumin Interneuron ◽  
Cam Profile ◽  
Developmental Domains

AbstractThe diversity reflected by >100 different neural cell types fundamentally contributes to brain function and a central idea is that neuronal identity can be inferred from genetic information. Recent large-scale transcriptomic assays seem to confirm this hypothesis, but a lack of morphological information has limited the identification of several known cell types. In this study, we used single-cell RNA-seq in morphologically identified parvalbumin interneurons (PV-INs), and studied their transcriptomic states in the morphological, physiological, and developmental domains. Overall, we find high transcriptomic similarity among PV-INs, with few genes showing divergent expression between morphologically different types. Furthermore, PV-INs show a uniform synaptic cell adhesion molecule (CAM) profile, suggesting that CAM expression in mature PV cells does not reflect wiring specificity after development. Together, our results suggest that while PV-INs differ in anatomy and in vivo activity, their continuous transcriptomic and homogenous biophysical landscapes are not predictive of these distinct identities.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Physical, Chemical and Microbiological Stability of Losartan Potassium 5 mg/mL Extemporaneous Oral Liquid Suspension

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 301
Author(s):  
Lisa Foley ◽  
Jennifer Toney ◽  
James W. Barlow ◽  
Maura O’Connor ◽  
Deirdre Fitzgerald-Hughes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Losartan Potassium ◽  
Microbial Count ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Liquid Suspension ◽  
Oral Liquid ◽  
Microbiological Stability ◽  
Stability Data

Extemporaneous oral liquid preparations are commonly used when there is no commercially available dosage form for adjustable dosing. In most cases, there is a lack of stability data to allow for an accurately assigned shelf life and storage conditions to give greater confidence of product safety and efficacy over its shelf life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical, chemical and microbiological stability of an extemporaneous oral liquid suspension of losartan potassium, 5 mg/mL, used to treat paediatric hypertension in Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital Crumlin, Ireland. The losartan content of extemporaneous oral suspensions, prepared with and without addition of water, was measured by UV and confirmed by HPLC analysis. Suspensions were stored at 4 °C and room temperature (RT) and were monitored for changes in; pH, colour, odour, re-dispersibility, Total Aerobic Microbial Count, Total Yeast and Mould Count and absence of E. coli. Results showed that suspensions prepared by both methods, stored at 4 °C and RT, were physically and microbiologically stable over 28 days. Initial losartan content of all suspensions was lower than expected at 80–81% and did not change significantly over the 28 days. HPLC and NMR did not detect degradation of losartan in the samples. Suspensions prepared in water showed 100% losartan content. The reduced initial losartan content was confirmed by HPLC and was related to the acidic pH of the suspension vehicle. Physiochemical properties of the drug are important factors for consideration in the selection of suspension vehicle for extemporaneous compounding of oral suspensions as they can influence the quality, homogeneity and efficacy of these preparations.

scholarly journals FlsnRNA-seq: protoplasting-free full-length single-nucleus RNA profiling in plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanping Long ◽  
Zhijian Liu ◽  
Jinbu Jia ◽  
Weipeng Mo ◽  
Liang Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Cell Level ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Rna Profiling ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Long Read ◽  
Single Nucleus

AbstractThe broad application of single-cell RNA profiling in plants has been hindered by the prerequisite of protoplasting that requires digesting the cell walls from different types of plant tissues. Here, we present a protoplasting-free approach, flsnRNA-seq, for large-scale full-length RNA profiling at a single-nucleus level in plants using isolated nuclei. Combined with 10x Genomics and Nanopore long-read sequencing, we validate the robustness of this approach in Arabidopsis root cells and the developing endosperm. Sequencing results demonstrate that it allows for uncovering alternative splicing and polyadenylation-related RNA isoform information at the single-cell level, which facilitates characterizing cell identities.

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