Determination of Fluorine in Biological Materials: Reaction Paper

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ophaug
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Tissues ◽  
Specific Tissue ◽  
Total Tissue ◽  
Inorganic Fraction

Although the fluorine in human tissues may exist in both inorganic and organic (covalently bound) forms, the inorganic fraction is clearly the most relevant for assessing human exposure to, and utilization of, environmental fluoride. There is now general agreement that the inorganic fraction of total tissue fluorine can be accurately determined by a variety of analytical techniques. One of the basic questions considered at this workshop is whether the analysis of a specific tissue or body fluid can provide an estimate of how much of the fluoride to which an individual is exposed actually enters and accumulates in the body. The analysis of hair and nails has been used as an indicator of exposure and utilization for several trace elements, including fluoride. Due to methodological uncertainties regarding sampling and pre-analysis treatment, however, it is presently not possible clearly to distinguish fluoride which is incorporated into hair and nails during formation (endogenous) from that which becomes associated with the tissues following exposure to the environment (exogenous). Consequently, although the fluoride content of hair and nails is clearly increased by environmental exposure to fluoride, the conclusion that these tissues are suitable indicators of fluoride utilization and accumulation in the body is premature.

scholarly journals Relation among geochemical elements in soil and red chicory as a tool for geographical origin identification.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Marrocchino ◽  
Serena Di Sarcina ◽  
Carlo Ragazzi ◽  
Carmela Vaccaro
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Protected Designation Of Origin ◽  
Po Delta

<p>The identification of the geographical origin of food products is important for both consumers and producers to ensure quality and avoid label falsifications. Determination and authentication of the geographical origin of food products throughout scientific research have become recently relevant in investigations against frauds for consumer protection. Advances in methods and analytical techniques led to an increase in the application of fingerprinting analysis of foods for identification of geographical origin. Since in organic material the inorganic component is more stable than the organic one, several studies examined trace elements, suggesting the potential application for determination of geographical origin. Moreover, the studies on territoriality are based on the hypothesis that chemical elements detected in plants and in their products reflect those contained in the soil and, within these studies, the geographical features of the production area, such as the soil type and the climate, are considered relevant factors affecting the specific designation, so an accurate determination of geographical origin would be necessary to guarantee the quality and territoriality of the products.</p><p>In this light, two varieties of red chicory from the southern Po Delta area have been characterized together with the soil. The two inspected red chicory varieties (long-leaves and round-leaves) are cultivated in a well-defined area in the southern part of Po Delta, in an area sited around Massenzatica (Municipality of Mesola, Province of Ferrara, NE of Italy). Sampling was undertaken between October and December 2020 and samples were collected from a randomized field. Together with the red chicory also roots and soils have been collected in order to analyze each part and correlate the geochemical data obtained using ICP-MS and XRF techniques.</p><p>Purpose of this study is to establish a method to identify the geographical origin and the results confirm that some major and trace elements could be used as geochemical markers according to the geological areas. These elements, therefore, could be useful to establish geochemical fingerprints for testing the origin of this product and create a protected designation of origin label.</p>

scholarly journals Trace Elements in Mediterranean Mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis from the South African West Coast

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Bezuidenhout ◽  
Nicole Dames ◽  
Alfred Botha ◽  
Marina V. Frontasyeva ◽  
Zoya I. Goryainova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
South African ◽  
Mytilus Galloprovincialis ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Major And Trace Elements ◽  
Inorganic Contaminants ◽  
Bivalve Molluscs ◽  
Icp Ms

Abstract Invasive bivalve molluscs, Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) were used as sentinel biomonitors of pollution by inorganic contaminants in Saldanha Bay and the Langebaan Lagoon area of South Africa. Two complementary analytical techniques, ICP-MS and NAA, allowed for determination of concentrations of 31 major and trace elements including heavy metals and arsenic in the soft tissues of the mussels. Distinct seasonal patterns were found in the dynamics of these concentrations, with the mussels accumulating much more trace elements in winter than in the summer. In general, the mussels that grew naturally also demonstrated higher concentrations of As, Cd, Fe, Hg and Zn than those that were farmed. Fe showed the highest levels with a maximum concentration of 444 mg/kg followed by Zn with a maximum of 228 mg/kg. The concentrations of Mn and Pb were significantly higher in the Port of Saldanha close to the jetty where ores containing these metals are loaded in comparison with the other sampling sites. It was concluded that bivalve molluscs present themselves as effective biomonitors when assessing marine aquatic pollution by inorganic contaminants in the Saldanha Bay region.

Comparison Of Analytical Techniques For The Determination Of Trace Elements In Rain Water

1993 ◽  
Vol 52 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 127-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Marin ◽  
S. G. Olave ◽  
O. E. Andonie ◽  
O. G. Arlegui
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Rain Water

scholarly journals Comparative Trace Elemental Analysis in Cancerous and Noncancerous Human Tissues Using PIXE

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Juma Mulware
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Dna Lesions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Tissues ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
Trace Elemental

The effect of high or low levels of trace metals in human tissues has been studied widely. There have been detectable significant variations in the concentrations of trace metals in normal and cancerous tissues suggesting that these variations could be a causative factor to various cancers. Even though essential trace metals play an important role such as stabilizers, enzyme cofactors, elements of structure, and essential elements for normal hormonal functions, their imbalanced toxic effects contribute to the rate of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and formation of complexities in the body cells which may lead to DNA damage. The induction of oxidative-induced DNA damage by ROS may lead to isolated base lesions or single-strand breaks, complex lesions like double-strand breaks, and some oxidative generated clustered DNA lesions (OCDLs) which are linked to cell apoptosis and mutagenesis. The difference in published works on the level of variations of trace metals in different cancer tissues can be attributed to the accuracy of the analytical techniques, sample preparation methods, and inability of taking uniform samples from the affected tissues. This paper reviews comparative trace elemental concentrations of cancerous and noncancerous tissues using PIXE that has been reported in the published literature.

Distribution of trace elements in the lipid and nonlipid matter of hair

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
K M Attar ◽  
M A Abdel-Aal ◽  
P Debayle
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
The Body ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Distribution Of Elements ◽  
Hair Fiber

Abstract We studied the effect of lipid removal on the concentrations of 13 trace elements measured in human hair. We used a pooled specimen of hair from a barber shop, initially washed with de-ionized water, with ultrasonic cleaning, then analyzed for Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Si, Sr, and Zn with use of an inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer. The lipid was removed by Soxhlet extraction with ethanol, and the hair was re-analyzed. We found several elements present in a relatively large proportion (greater than 20%) in the lipid fraction, mainly Na, K, Ca, Mg, Ni, and Sr. We suggest that removal of part or all of the lipids from hair by using detergents or other lipid-removing solvents for washing may account for the variability in data on elements in hair reported by different laboratories, and that those elements largely present in the lipid fraction are the result of environmental exposure, whereas those retained in the hair fiber after lipid removal can be attributed to nutritional and clinical aspects. We believe that such determination of the distribution of elements may help validate the use of hair in assessing trace elements in the body.

Gut Sediments in a Burrowing Mayfly (Ephemeroptera, Hexagenia limbata): Their Contribution to Animal Trace Element Burdens, Their Removal, and the Efficacy of a Correction for Their Presence

1989 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Landis Hare ◽  
Peter G. C. Campbell ◽  
André Tessier ◽  
Nelson Belzile
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Sample Digestion ◽  
No Weight Loss ◽  
Hexagenia Limbata ◽  
Burrowing Mayfly

Nymphs of the burrowing mayfly Hexagenia limbata were collected in the field, returned to the laboratory, and dissected to remove the gut contents. Concentrations of four trace elements (As, Cd, Cu, Zn) were determined both for the gut contents and for the body. Trace elements in gut contents represented up to 22% of whole animal trace element burdens. Studies of depuration of H. limbata nymphs held in water for up to 48 h indicate that individuals vary substantially in the rate at which they egest gut contents and that 48 h is not sufficient to ensure a complete emptying of the gut. A model developed to compensate for the presence of gut contents in the determination of body trace element burdens was applied to H. limbata. Comparisons of model estimates with actual body burdens (without gut contents) show that the model accurately predicts As and Cu concentrations, but overestimates concentrations of Cd and Zn by as much as 20%. We suggest that the biases in the model result from assuming that: (a) trace element concentrations in gut sediments are equivalent to those in sediments sampled from the animal's surroundings, and (b) there is no weight loss of gut contents during sample digestion (a two-thirds weight loss of gut contents was in fact observed). These biases may be minimized by, respectively: (a) measuring trace element burdens of gut contents and (b) compensating for weight loss of gut contents during digestion.

REFERENCE MATERIALS FOR MICRO-ANALYTICAL NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES

1992 ◽  
Vol 02 (04) ◽  
pp. 651-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Valkovic ◽  
R. Zeisler ◽  
G. Bernasconi ◽  
P.R. Danesi
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Reference Materials ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ion Probe ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Analytical Procedures ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Selection Of

Direct application of many existing reference materials in micro-analytical procedures such as energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence (EDXRF), particle induced x-ray emission spectroscopy (PIXE) and ion probe techniques for the determination of trace elements is often impossible or difficult because: 1) other constituents present in large amounts interfere with the determination; 2) trace components are not sufficiently homogeneously distributed in the sample. Therefore specific natural-matrix reference materials containing very low levels of trace elements and having high degree of homogeneity are required for many micro-analytical procedures. In this report, selection of the types of environmental and biological materials which are suitable for micro-analytical techniques will be discussed.

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