Single-Dose Pharmacokinetics of Intraperitoneal Ofloxacin in Patients on Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis

The present study examines the pharmacokinetics of ofloxacin given In a single dose of 200 mg intraperitoneally (Ip) In the first bag of three 2-L 8-hour exchanges. Ofloxacin was measured using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) in the serum and peritoneal effiuent over 24 hours. Six patients without and 3 patients with peritonitis were studied. Ofloxacin given Ip was almost completely absorbed after an 8-hour dwell, and this was not affected by peritonitis. The time required to reach peak serum concentration was longer than that reported previously following oral administration. Elimination halflife (11/2) of ofloxacln was markedly prolonged compared to patients with normal renal function. Peritoneal clearance accounted for only one-tenth of total serum clearance. Peritonitis appeared to shorten the T112 of ofloxacln, but this was mainly due to an Increase In total serum clearance rather than a change In peritoneal clearance. Peritoneal drug concentration >0.5 mg/L was reached In the second and third exchange by the second hour. No Bide effects from Ip ofloxacin were observed. We concluded that ofloxacin given in a single dose of 200 mg is safe and provides adequate therapeutic serum and peritoneal concentration for more than 24 hours in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) with 8-hour exchanges.

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Measured-to-predicted creatinine generation ratio increases with time and decline in residual renal function in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

American Journal of Kidney Diseases ◽

10.1016/s0272-6386(99)70349-5 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 235-241 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Cheuk-Chun Szeto ◽

Kar-Neng Lai ◽

Teresa Yuk-Hwa Wong ◽

Man-Ching Law ◽

Philip Kam-Tao Li

Keyword(s):

Renal Function ◽

Peritoneal Dialysis ◽

Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽

Residual Renal Function

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Residual renal function and blood count in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo ◽

10.2298/sarh0612503j ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 134 (11-12) ◽

pp. 503-508

Author(s):

Natasa Jovanovic ◽

Mirjana Lausevic ◽

Biljana Stojimirovic

Keyword(s):

Renal Failure ◽

Renal Function ◽

Peritoneal Dialysis ◽

Chronic Renal Failure ◽

Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽

Blood Count ◽

Residual Renal Function ◽

Co Morbidity ◽

Positive Correlations

Introduction:Most of patients with chronic renal failure are affected by normochromic, normocytic anemia caused by different etiological factors. Anemia causes a series of symptoms in chronic renal failure, which can hardly be recognized from the uremic signs. Anemia adds to morbidity and mortality rates in patients affected by advanced chronic renal failure. Blood count partially improves during the first months after starting the chronic renal replacement therapy, in correlation with the quality of depuration program, with extension of erythrocyte lifetime and with hemoconcentration due to reduction of plasma volume. Recent trials found that higher residual renal function (RRF) significantly reduced co-morbidity, the rate and duration of hospitalization and risk of treatment failure. Objective: The aim of the study was to follow blood count parameters in 32 patients on chronic continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) during the first six months of treatment, to evaluate the influence of demographic and clinical factors on blood count and RRF, and to examine the correlation between RRF and blood count parameters. Method: A total of 32 patients affected by end-stage renal disease of different major cause during the first six months of CADP treatment were studied. RRF and blood count were evaluated as well as their relationship during the follow-up. Results: Blood count significantly improved in our patients during the first six months of CAPD treatment even if Hb and HTC failed to reach normal values. Iron serum level slightly decreased because of more abundant erythropoiesis and iron utilization during the first six months of treatment. RRF slightly decreased. After six months of CAPD treatment, the patients with higher RRF had significantly higher Hb, HTC and erythrocyte number and a lot of positive correlations between RRF and anemia markers were observed. Conclusion: After 6-month follow-up period, the patients with higher RRF had significantly higher blood count parameters, and several positive correlations between RRF and blood count markers were confirmed.

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Efficacy of Weekly Split versus Single Doses of Ergocalciferol on Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D among Patients on Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis: A Randomized Controlled Trial

International Journal of Nephrology ◽

10.1155/2021/5521689 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Naowanit Nata ◽

Jessada Kanchanasinitth ◽

Pamila Tasanavipas ◽

Ouppatham Supasyndh ◽

Bancha Satirapoj

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Single Dose ◽

Peritoneal Dialysis ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽

Dose Group ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Split Dose ◽

Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

25 Hydroxyvitamin D

Background. Vitamin D deficiency is a common problem among patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Vitamin D supplementation leads to reduced serum parathyroid hormone levels and improved cardiovascular markers. Different doses and time intervals of oral vitamin D supplementation may differ in each patient on dialysis. The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of weekly split and single dose of ergocalciferol at 60,000 IU on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) among patients on CAPD. Methods. A randomized study was conducted among patients on CAPD with vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency (25(OH)D < 30 ng/mL). Patients were randomly assigned to two groups: the split dose group was given ergocalciferol 20,000 IU three times weekly and the single dose group was given ergocalciferol 60,000 IU once weekly for 8 weeks. Main outcomes measured serum 25(OH)D concentrations, serum calcium, serum phosphate, and intact parathyroid levels at 8 weeks after being enrolled. Results. Of 128 screened patients, 50 met the criteria for eligibility and were randomized. At 8 weeks after treatment, mean serum 25(OH)D concentrations significantly increased from baseline 22.7 ± 5.9 to 29.5 ± 9.5 ng/mL P = 0.004 in the split dose group and 22.9 ± 5.3 to 31.2 ± 12.3 ng/mL P = 0.003 in the single dose group. No significant change was found in increase of serum 25(OH)D between the two groups P = 0.561 . At the end of study, a similar proportion of patients in both groups reached the desirable serum concentration of 25(OH)D ≥ 30 ng/mL (60% in the single group vs. 40% in the split group, P = 0.258 ). No significant cases of hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, or serious adverse events occurred during the study. Conclusion. Weekly single and split doses of ergocalciferol 60,000 IU achieved similar effects on serum 25(OH)D levels among patients on CAPD with vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency, suggesting that weekly single dose would be prescribed for adequate vitamin D repletion. This trial is registered with TCTR20200821005.

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The Pharmacokinetics of a Single Dose of Calcitriol Administered Subcutaneously in Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Patients

Peritoneal Dialysis International ◽

10.1177/089686089301300208 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 122-125 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Rafael Selgas ◽

Maria-E. Martinez ◽

Blanca Miranda ◽

Maria-Auxiliadara Baja ◽

Jase-Raman Ramera ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Single Dose ◽

Peritoneal Dialysis ◽

Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽

Plasma Levels ◽

Subcutaneous Administration ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Mean Value ◽

Ionized Calcium ◽

Kinetics Of

Objectives To evaluate the kinetics of calcitriol (1,25(OH)2D3) administered subcutaneously. Study Design Calcitriol kinetics and efficacy after subcutaneous administration were studied in 13 CAPD patients with varying degrees of increased plasma levels of parathyroid hormone (i-PTH). A single dose of 2 μg of calcitriol was administered subcutaneously, and its serum levels at baseline and after 1,2,6,12, and 24 hours were determined. Plasma ionized calcium and i-PTH were also determined at these periods. Results Serum calcitriol levels reached peak levels of 60 and 70 pg/mL at 1 and 2 hours after administration, respectively. These levels decreased thereafter, but remained above baseline values during 24 hours. The mean value of the area under the curve (AUC) was 809±226 pg/mL/hour. Plasma i-PTH levels showed a slight decrease after 1 and 2 hours, returning to baselime levels after this period. Plasma ionized calcium did not show significant changes during the study. A slight pain at the site of injection was mentioned by some patients. Conclusions The subcutaneous route for calcitriol administration achieves theoretically adequate plasma levels in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. This is important when paremteral administration of calcitriol is considered in the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism.

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Importance of Residual Renal Function in Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis: Its Influence on Different Parameters of Renal Replacement Treatment

Nephron ◽

10.1159/000045514 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 83 (3) ◽

pp. 219-225 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

R. López-Menchero ◽

A. Miguel ◽

R. García-Ramón ◽

J. Pérez-Contreras ◽

V. Girbés

Keyword(s):

Renal Function ◽

Peritoneal Dialysis ◽

Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽

Residual Renal Function ◽

Replacement Treatment

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Residual Renal Function Affects Lipid Profile in Patients Undergoing Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis

Peritoneal Dialysis International ◽

10.1177/089686089701700306 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 243-249 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Alexander Kagan ◽

Eti Elimalech ◽

Zvi Lerner ◽

Aaron Fink ◽

Yaacov Bar-Khayim

Keyword(s):

Renal Function ◽

Peritoneal Dialysis ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Residual Renal Function ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Group A ◽

Group B

Objective To determine whether lipoprotein abnormalities associated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) are influenced by residual renal function (RRF). Design Open, non randomized prospective and com -parative study. Setting Single university teaching hospital dialysis unit and outpatient clinic. Patients Twenty adult patients on standard CAPD (1 -38 months) were divided into two groups: group A (RRF ≤ 0.8 mL/min, n = 10) and group B (RRF ≥ 1.1 mL/ min, n = 10). Patients in the two groups were matched for age, time on dialysis, body weight, body mass index, serum urea and albumin levels, peritoneal and urinary albumin losses, and peritoneal transport characteristics such as overnight 8hour peritoneal creatinine and β2-microglobulin clearances and overnight 8-hour effluent glucose concentrations. Results The degree of uremia in patients with preserved RRF (group B) was obviously lower than in patients with negligible RRF (group A), that is, patients in group B had significantly lower serum creatinine and β2-microglobulin levels and significantly higher weekly KTN than group A patients. Despite the prevalence of allele 4 of apolipoprotein E genotype in group A patients, their levels of serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)], apolipoprotein B (ApoB), and apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) were significantly lower than those of patients with preserved RRF (group B). The two groups did not differ significantly in the serum levels of triglyceride or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Serum concentrations of Lp(a) and ApoA1, as well as ratios of ApoA1 to ApoB, were correlated significantly with RRF (r = 0.63, r = 0.51, and r = 0.61, respectively). Conclusions The findings suggest that RRF affects the lipid profile of CAPD patients, especially serum levels of cholesterol-rich lipoproteins.

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