Diet Quality and Biological Risk in a National Sample of Older Americans

2021 ◽  
pp. 089826432110468
Author(s):  
Yeon Jin Choi ◽  
Jennifer A. Ailshire ◽  
Jung Ki Kim ◽  
Eileen M. Crimmins
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Biological Risk ◽  
Quality Diet ◽  
Dietary Components ◽  
Nationally Representative

Objectives: Using comprehensive measures of biological risk, this study aims to investigate the relationship between intake of individual dietary components, overall diet quality, and biological dysregulation. Methods: We analyzed nationally representative data from 3734 older adults who participated in the Health and Retirement Study Venous Blood Study in 2016 and Health Care and Nutrition Survey in 2013. Results: Eleven out of 13 individual dietary components were associated with lower biological risk. Respondents with poor/suboptimal quality diet had higher biological risk than those with good quality diet. Discussion: Findings from this study emphasize the importance of healthy eating in improving health of older adults. Encouraging intake of fruits, greens and beans, whole grains, and fatty acids, while limiting consumption of sodium, added sugar, and saturated fat would improve overall diet quality and contribute to the prevention of chronic diseases and morbidity.

scholarly journals Diet Quality and Biological Risk in a National Sample of Older Americans

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 920-920
Author(s):  
Yeon Jin Choi ◽  
Jennifer Ailshire ◽  
Jung Ki Kim ◽  
Eileen Crimmins
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Plant Proteins ◽  
Biological Risk ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Quality Diet ◽  
Dietary Components

Abstract Biomarkers are sensitive to current health status and capture aspects of health that may precede the development of disease and other health problems. Using comprehensive measures of biological risk, this study aims to investigate the relationship between intake of individual dietary components, overall diet quality, and biological dysregulation. For the analysis, we used nutrition and biomarker data from 3,641 older adults (over age 50) in the Health and Retirement Study. Eleven out of 13 individual dietary components were associated with lower biological risk. After controlling for SES, health behaviors, and access to health care, a high intake of fruits, greens and beans, whole grains, seafood and plant proteins, and fatty acids and a low intake of sodium and saturated fat were still associated with lower biological risk. Respondents with poor/suboptimal quality diet had higher biological risk than those with good quality diet. After controlling for SES, health behaviors, and access to health care, respondents with poor/suboptimal quality diet continued to exhibit higher biological risk than those with good quality diet, though the differences in biological risk were reduced. Findings from this study emphasize the importance of healthy eating in improving health of older adults. Encouraging intake of fruits, greens and beans, whole grains, seafood and plant proteins, and fatty acids, while limiting consumption of sodium and saturated fat would improve overall diet quality and contribute to the prevention of chronic diseases and morbidity.

scholarly journals Food and nutrient intake and diet quality among older Americans

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Yeon Jin Choi ◽  
Eileen M Crimmins ◽  
Jung Ki Kim ◽  
Jennifer A Ailshire
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Older Americans

Abstract Objective: A suboptimal diet and nutritional deficiencies can have important influences on health with significant impact among older adults. This study aims to assess the presence of suboptimal dietary intake among older Americans and identify risk and protective factors influencing diet quality. Design: Cross-sectional secondary analysis. Setting: USA. Participants: A nationally representative sample of 5614 community-dwelling older adults over age 54 in the Health and Retirement Study – Health Care and Nutrition Survey. Results: Overall, only 10·7 % of respondents had a good quality diet (Healthy Eating Index score 81 and above); the majority had diets considered poor or needing improvement. Less than 50 % of respondents met dietary guidelines and nutritional goals for most individual food groups and nutrients. Respondents with low socio-economic status, fewer psychosocial resources and those who had limited access to healthy food outlets were more likely to have a diet of suboptimal quality. Conclusions: Efforts to remove identified barriers that put older adults at risk for poor nutrition and to provide resources that increase access to healthy food should be made to encourage healthy eating and enhance diet quality.

scholarly journals Food and Nutrient Intake and Diet Quality among Older Americans

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 921-921
Author(s):  
Yeon Jin Choi ◽  
Eileen Crimmins ◽  
Jung Ki Kim ◽  
Jennifer Ailshire
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Older Americans ◽  
Quality Diet

Abstract A suboptimal diet and nutritional deficiencies can have important influences on health with significant impact among older adults. This study aims to assess the presence of suboptimal dietary intake among older Americans and identify risk and protective factors influencing diet quality. For this study, data from a nationally representative sample of 5,614 community-dwelling older adults over age 54 in the Health and Retirement Study – Health Care and Nutrition Survey were used. Descriptive analyses were conducted to assess average intake of 17 food groups and nutrients and the percentage of respondents who consumed an optimal amount of food and nutrients. Differences in diet quality by sociodemographic, psychosocial, environmental, and geographic factors were assessed using chi-square and OLS regression was used to identify risk and protective factors for good quality diet. Overall, only 10.7% of respondents had a good quality diet (HEI score 81 and above); the majority had diets considered poor or needing improvement. Less than 50% of respondents met dietary guidelines and nutritional goals for most individual food groups and nutrients. Respondents with low socioeconomic status, fewer psychosocial resources, and those who had limited access to healthy food outlets were more likely to have a diet of suboptimal quality. Efforts to remove identified barriers that put older adults at risk for poor nutrition and to provide resources that increase access to healthy food should be made to encourage healthy eating and enhance diet quality.

Diet quality, general health and anthropometric outcomes in a Latin American population: evidence from the Colombian National Nutritional Survey (ENSIN) 2010

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Gustavo Mora-García ◽  
Antonio Trujillo ◽  
Vanessa García-Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
General Health ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Objective: Colombia is experiencing a nutrition transition, characterised by nutritionally poor diets and an increased prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCD). We aimed to investigate the association between diet quality and general health outcomes related to the risk of NCD, in a nationally representative sample of Colombian adolescents and adults. Design: Cross-sectional analysis. The Alternative Healthy-Eating Index (AHEI) was derived to calculate diet quality. Adjusted regressions were used to examine the association between AHEI, self-perceived general health status (GHS) and anthropometric variables (i.e. age-specific z-scores for height, and BMI for adolescents; waist circumference and BMI for adults). Setting: Nationally representative data from the Colombian National Nutrition Survey (ENSIN) 2010. Participants: Adolescents aged 10–17 years (n 6566) and adults aged ≥18 years (n 6750). Results: AHEI scores were similar between adolescents (mean 29·3 ± 7·2) and adults (mean 30·5 ± 7·2). In the whole sample, a better diet quality (higher AHEI score) was associated with worse self-perceived GHS (adjusted (a) β-coefficient: –0·004; P < 0·001) and with a smaller waist circumference ((a) β-coefficient: –0·06; P < 0·01). In adults, a higher AHEI score was negatively associated with BMI ((a) β-coefficient: –0·02; P < 0·05), whilst in adolescents it was associated with a reduced height-for-age z-score ((a) β-coefficient: –0·009; P < 0·001). Conclusions: A better diet quality was associated with reduced prevalence of predictors of NCD and with some indicators of general health in the Colombian population. In light of the high prevalence of overweight, our findings support the need for public health interventions focused on sustainable positive changes in dietary habits in the general population.

scholarly journals Physical Activity and Insomnia Symptoms Over 10 Years in a U.S. National Sample of Late-Middle-Age and Older Adults: Age Matters

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-622
Author(s):  
Amanda Sonnega ◽  
Amanda Leggett ◽  
Renee Pepin ◽  
Shervin Assari
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Frontline Treatment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms ◽  
Retirement Study

Research suggests that physical activity may influence sleep, yet more research is needed before it can be considered a frontline treatment for insomnia. Less is known about how this relationship is moderated by age. Using multilevel modeling, we examined self-reported physical activity and insomnia symptoms in 18,078 respondents from the U.S. nationally representative Health and Retirement Study (2004–2014). The mean baseline age was 64.7 years, with 53.9% female. Individuals who reported more physical activity (B = −0.005, p < .001) had fewer insomnia symptoms. Over 10 years, the respondents reported fewer insomnia symptoms at times when they reported more physical activity than was average for them (B = −0.003, p < .001). Age moderated this relationship (B = 0.0002, p < .01). Although modest, these findings concur with the literature, suggesting moderate benefits of physical activity for sleep in older adults. Future research should aim to further elucidate this relationship among adults at advanced ages.

scholarly journals Multifaceted sleep health score is associated with frailty in a national sample of older adults in Taiwan: Sex matters

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 1047-1048
Author(s):  
Tuo Yu Chen ◽  
Soomi Lee ◽  
Orfeu Buxton
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Sleep Health ◽  
The Past ◽  
Multidimensional Measure ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Sleep Satisfaction

Abstract Although individual sleep characteristics are related to frailty, these characteristics do not occur separately. A multidimensional measure of sleep might provide a better estimation of frailty compared to isolated sleep characteristics. This study investigated the association of a multidimensional measure of sleep health with frailty and examined whether such relationship differed by sex. Data were from the Taiwan Longitudinal Study on Aging (2011), a survey with a nationally representative sample of Taiwanese older adults (N=2,015). Frailty was defined using the Fried-criteria. Self-reported sleep during the past month was used to conceptualize the five sleep health dimensions in the SATED model (satisfaction-alertness-timing-efficiency-duration; higher scores representing better sleep health). Their relationship was estimated using logistic regression analysis adjusting for sociodemographic (age, sex, education), health (chronic conditions, cognitive function, pain, depressive symptoms [excluding items overlapping with frailty and sleep]), and lifestyle (drinking, smoking, exercise) characteristics. The results showed that having a better sleep health composite score was significantly related to lower odds of being frail in both sexes adjusting for sociodemographic information. Such effect remained significant among females but not males after adding health and lifestyle characteristics to the models. Sleep satisfaction and daytime alertness in both sexes and sleep duration among females were significantly associated with frailty adjusting for sociodemographic information. Only alertness among males was significantly related to frailty in model with all covariates. Our findings show that having a better sleep health across multiple dimensions is related to a lower risk of being frail, and the association differs by sex.

scholarly journals Consumption of Yogurt in Canada and Its Contribution to Nutrient Intake and Diet Quality Among Canadians

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Vatanparast ◽  
Naorin Islam ◽  
Rashmi Prakash Patil ◽  
Arash Shamloo ◽  
Pardis Keshavarz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Scoring Method ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Community Health Survey ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Daily Intakes ◽  
Nutrition Component

The current study utilizes a nationally representative nutrition survey data (Canadian Community Health Survey 2015, nutrition component, n = 20,487) in order to evaluate patterns of yogurt consumption among Canadians. Overall, 20% of Canadians have reportedly consumed yogurt on a given day in 2015. Higher prevalence of yogurt consumption was noted among children aged 2–5 years old (47%) when compared to adults aged 19–54 years (18%). When the prevalence of yogurt consumption at the regional level in Canada was assessed, Quebec had the most consumers of yogurt (25%) compared to other regions, namely the Atlantic (19%), Ontario (18%), Prairies (19%) and British Columbia (20%). Yogurt consumers reported consuming higher daily intakes of several key nutrients including carbohydrates, fibre, riboflavin, vitamin C, folate, vitamin D, potassium, iron, magnesium, and calcium when compared to yogurt non-consumers. Additionally, the diet quality, measured using NRF 9.3 scoring method, was higher among yogurt consumers compared to non-consumers. Nearly 36% of Canadians who meet the dietary guidelines for milk and alternative servings from the Food Guide Canada (2007) reported consuming yogurt. Lastly, no significant difference in BMI was noted among yogurt consumers and non-consumers. Overall, yogurt consumers had a higher intake of key nutrients and had a better diet quality.

scholarly journals Total, Fresh, Lean, and Fresh Lean Beef Consumption in Relation to Nutrient Intakes and Diet Quality among U.S. Adults, 2005–2016

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruopeng An ◽  
Sharon Nickols-Richardson ◽  
Reginald Alston ◽  
Sa Shen ◽  
Caitlin Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Confounding Bias ◽  
Lean Beef ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Daily Intakes ◽  
Health Eating

(1) Background: This study assessed the influence of beef consumption on nutrient intakes and diet quality among U.S. adults. (2) Methods: Nationally-representative sample (n = 27,117) from 2005–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was analyzed. First-difference estimator addressed confounding bias from time-invariant unobservables (e.g., eating habits, taste preferences) by using within-individual variations in beef consumption between 2 nonconsecutive 24 h dietary recalls. (3) Results: Approximately 54%, 39%, 12%, and 7% of U.S. adults consumed beef, lean beef, fresh beef, and fresh lean beef, respectively. Overall diet quality measured by the Health Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) score among beef, fresh beef, lean beef, and fresh lean beef consumers was lower than beef non-consumers. Regression analyses found that beef, fresh beef, lean beef, and fresh lean beef consumption was associated with higher daily intakes of total energy, protein, sodium, choline, iron, selenium, zinc, phosphorus, and multiple B vitamins. Beef, fresh beef, and lean beef consumption but not fresh lean beef consumption was associated with higher saturated fat intake. Beef consumption was not found to be associated with overall dietary quality measured by the HEI-2015 score. (4) Conclusions: Beef consumers may increase the intake of fresh and lean beef over total beef consumption to maximize the nutritional gains from beef portions while minimizing the resulting increases in energy, saturated fat, and sodium.

scholarly journals Energy, Macronutrients, Dietary Fibre and Salt Intakes in Older Adults in Ireland: Key Sources and Compliance with Recommendations

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 876
Author(s):  
Laura Kehoe ◽  
Janette Walton ◽  
Breige A. McNulty ◽  
Anne P. Nugent ◽  
Albert Flynn
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Food Record ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Weighed Food Record ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Global Population

The global population is rapidly ageing. Adequate nutritional status can play a key role in preventing or delaying the progression of age-related diseases. The aim of this study was to estimate the usual intake of energy, macronutrients, dietary fibre and salt in order to determine compliance with recommendations and to identify the sources of these nutrients in older adults (≥65 years) in Ireland. This study is based on data from the cohort of older adults aged ≥65 years (n = 226) in the Irish National Adult Nutrition Survey (NANS) (2008–2010) which estimated food and nutrient intakes in a representative sample of adults 18–90 years using a 4 day weighed food record. This study found that while intakes of macronutrients are generally sufficient in this population group, older adults in Ireland have high intakes of total fat, saturated fat, sugar and salt and low intakes of dietary fibre. Future strategies to address the nutritional issues identified in older adults could include the promotion of healthy food choices together with improvements of the food supply including reformulation (fat, sugar and salt) to support successful ageing of our population.

scholarly journals Ultra-processed food consumption, socio-demographics, and diet quality in Australian adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Laura Marchese ◽  
Katherine M. Livingstone ◽  
Julie L. Woods ◽  
Kate Wingrove ◽  
Priscila Machado
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Income Quintile ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Australian Health ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
24 Hour Recall

Abstract Objective: To examine how socio-demographic characteristics and diet quality vary with consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) in a cross-sectional nationally representative survey of Australian adults. Design: Using a 24-hour recall, this cross-sectional analysis of dietary and socio-demographic data classified food items using the NOVA system, estimated the percentage of total energy contributed by UPFs and assessed diet quality using the Dietary Guideline Index (DGI – 2013 total and components). Linear regression models examined associations between socio-demographic characteristics and diet quality with percentage of energy from UPFs. Setting: Australian Health Survey 2011-13 Participants: Australian Adults aged ≥ 19 years (n=8,209) Results: Consumption of UPFs was higher among younger adults (19-30 years), adults born in Australia, those experiencing greatest area level disadvantage, lower levels of education, and the second lowest household income quintile. No significant association was found for sex or rurality. A higher percentage of energy from UPFs was inversely associated with diet quality and with lower DGI scores related to the variety of nutritious foods, fruits, vegetables, total cereals, meat and poultry, fish, eggs, nuts and seeds, legumes/beans, water and limits on discretionary foods, saturated fat and added sugar. Conclusions: This research adds to the evidence on dietary inequalities across Australia and how UPFs are detrimental to diet quality. The findings can be used to inform interventions to reduce UPF consumption and improve diet quality.

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