Consumption of Yogurt in Canada and Its Contribution to Nutrient Intake and Diet Quality Among Canadians

The current study utilizes a nationally representative nutrition survey data (Canadian Community Health Survey 2015, nutrition component, n = 20,487) in order to evaluate patterns of yogurt consumption among Canadians. Overall, 20% of Canadians have reportedly consumed yogurt on a given day in 2015. Higher prevalence of yogurt consumption was noted among children aged 2–5 years old (47%) when compared to adults aged 19–54 years (18%). When the prevalence of yogurt consumption at the regional level in Canada was assessed, Quebec had the most consumers of yogurt (25%) compared to other regions, namely the Atlantic (19%), Ontario (18%), Prairies (19%) and British Columbia (20%). Yogurt consumers reported consuming higher daily intakes of several key nutrients including carbohydrates, fibre, riboflavin, vitamin C, folate, vitamin D, potassium, iron, magnesium, and calcium when compared to yogurt non-consumers. Additionally, the diet quality, measured using NRF 9.3 scoring method, was higher among yogurt consumers compared to non-consumers. Nearly 36% of Canadians who meet the dietary guidelines for milk and alternative servings from the Food Guide Canada (2007) reported consuming yogurt. Lastly, no significant difference in BMI was noted among yogurt consumers and non-consumers. Overall, yogurt consumers had a higher intake of key nutrients and had a better diet quality.

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Snack Consumption Patterns among Canadians

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11051152 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 1152 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Hassan Vatanparast ◽

Naorin Islam ◽

Rashmi Prakash Patil ◽

Mojtaba Shafiee ◽

Jessica Smith ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Intake ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Age Groups ◽

Canadian Community Health Survey ◽

Daily Energy Intake ◽

Community Health Survey ◽

Daily Energy ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Snack Consumption ◽

Dietary Data

The snacking prevalence, frequency of daily snack consumption, and the contribution of snacks to daily energy intake have substantially increased globally. The aim of this study was to examine the patterns of snack consumption among a representative sample of Canadians aged 2 and older. Nationally representative dietary data from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) conducted in 2015 (n = 19,677 participants aged ≥2 years) were used to describe snacking patterns. In all, 80.4% of Canadians reported consuming at least one snack per day, which varied between different age groups from 77.0% (≥55 years) to 96.4% (2–5 years). About 37% of snack consumers reported only one snack episode per day but nearly 10% reported four or more episodes of snacking. Snacking contributed to nearly 23% of total daily energy intake in Canadians, which was highest among younger children (27%) and lowest among older adults (20.8%). There were no significant differences in obesity measures comparing snack consumers and non-consumers in children and adults. Snacking considerably contributes to total nutrient and energy intake of Canadians. Promoting nutrient-dense snacks provides an opportunity to improve overall diet quality.

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Mortality attributable to poor dietary patterns in Canada: Evidence from the nationally-representative nutrition survey linked with health administrative data

International Journal for Population Data Science ◽

10.23889/ijpds.v3i4.672 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Mahsa Jessri ◽

Deirdre Hennessy ◽

Claudia Sanmartin ◽

Anan Bader Eddeen ◽

Doug Manuel

Keyword(s):

Diet Quality ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Dietary Guidelines ◽

Dietary Quality ◽

Administrative Databases ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Quality Indices ◽

Nutrition Survey ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Nationally Representative

IntroductionDietary pattern modeling and linkage with health outcomes is essential for development of evidence-based dietary guidelines to support reduction of chronic diseases. National nutrition surveys are not routinely linked with health administrative databases, resulting in a lack of evidence on the health impact of unhealthy diets at the population level. Objectives and ApproachThis study is the first to use a nationally-representative nutrition survey (i.e., Canadian Community Health Survey-Nutrition-2004) linked with health administrative databases to examine the association of 5 key dietary quality indices with mortality risk. In total, 16,212 adults ≥20 years were followed for an average of 7.3 years. Two 24-hour dietary recalls were used to estimate the usual dietary intakes using the National Cancer Institute’s method. Weighted regression calibration was performed to obtain a true parameter relating diet (continuous) to mortality. Population Attributable Fractions were calculated to estimate the burden of all-cause mortality attributable to poor dietary patterns in Canada. ResultsThe 5 dietary quality indices examined were Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension(DASH); Dietary Guidelines for Americans Adherence Index 2015(DGAI); Healthy Eating Index-2010(HEI); Alternative HEI-2010(AHEI); and Mediterranean Style Dietary Pattern Score(MSDPS). Having a better diet quality (90%ile vs. 10%ile of index score) was associated with a significant 31-51% reduction in all-cause mortality hazard ratio among adults 45 to 80 years and 10-35% reduction in those ≥20 years (in order of significance: DASH, DGAI, HEI, AHEI and MSDPS). Survival benefit was incrementally greater for higher diet quality scores; however, even the 90%ile scores (Reference) were notably lower than the recommended levels (45.99% of recommended score). On average, 26.42% of all mortality in Canada was attributable to poor dietary patterns (range: 19.01% for MSDPS to 31.39% for DGAI). Conclusion/ImplicationsThe diet-attributable burden of mortality was higher than those reported for other behavioural risks (e.g., smoking). This research informs future formulation of nutrition interventions and policies with a focus on dietary patterns. This project demonstrates the importance of leveraging linked data and analytical capacity to inform future evidence-based nutrition policies.

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Using partial least squares to identify a dietary pattern associated with obesity in a nationally-representative sample of Canadian adults: Results from the Canadian Community Health Survey—Nutrition 2015

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0255415 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (8) ◽

pp. e0255415

Author(s):

Alena (Praneet) Ng ◽

Mahsa Jessri ◽

Mary R. L’Abbe

Keyword(s):

Community Health ◽

Least Squares ◽

Partial Least Squares ◽

Health Survey ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Representative Sample ◽

Canadian Community Health Survey ◽

Community Health Survey ◽

Dietary Components ◽

Nationally Representative

Background Hybrid methods of dietary patterns analysis have emerged as a unique and informative way to study diet-disease relationships in nutritional epidemiology research. Objective To identify an obesogenic dietary pattern using weighted partial least squares (wPLS) in nationally representative Canadian survey data, and to identify key foods and/or beverages associated with the defined dietary pattern. Design Data from one 24-hr dietary recall data from the cross-sectional Canadian Community Health Survey-Nutrition (CCHS) 2015 (n = 12,049) were used. wPLS was used to identify an obesogenic dietary pattern from 40 standardized food and beverage categories using the variables energy density, fibre density, and total fat as outcomes. The association between the derived dietary pattern and likelihood of obesity was examined using weighted multivariate logistic regression. Key dietary components highly associated with the derived pattern were identified. Results Compared to quartile one (i.e. those least adherent to an obesogenic dietary pattern), those in quartile four had 2.40-fold increased odds of being obese (OR = 2.40, 95% CI = 1.91, 3.02, P-trend< 0.0001) with a monotonically increasing trend. Using a factor loading significance cut-off of ≥|0.17|, three food/beverage categories loaded positively for the derived obesogenic dietary pattern: fast food (+0.32), carbonated drinks (including energy drinks, sports drinks and vitamin water) (+0.30), and salty snacks (+0.19). Seven categories loaded negatively (i.e. in the protective direction): whole fruits (-0.40), orange vegetables (-0.32), “other” vegetables (-0.32), whole grains (-0.26), dark green vegetables (-0.22), legumes and soy (-0.18) and pasta and rice (-0.17). Conclusion This is the first study to apply weighted partial least squares to CCHS 2015 data to derive a dietary pattern associated with obesity. The results from this study pinpoint key dietary components that are associated with obesity and consumed among a nationally representative sample of Canadians adults.

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Addition of food group equivalents to the Canadian Diet History Questionnaire II for the estimation of the Canadian Healthy Eating Index-2005

Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada ◽

10.24095/hpcdp.38.3.03 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 125-134

Author(s):

Maria McInerney ◽

Vikki Ho ◽

Anita Koushik ◽

Isabelle Massarelli ◽

Isabelle Rondeau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Healthy Eating ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Canadian Community Health Survey ◽

Food Group ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Community Health Survey ◽

Diet History Questionnaire ◽

Diet History

Introduction Poor diet quality has been shown to increase the risk of common chronic diseases that can negatively impact quality of life and burden the healthcare system. Canada’s Food Guide evidence-based recommendations provide dietary guidance aimed at increasing diet quality. Compliance with Canada’s Food Guide can be assessed with the Canadian Healthy Eating Index (C-HEI), a diet quality score. The recently designed Canadian Diet History Questionnaire II (C-DHQ II), a comprehensive food frequency questionnaire could be used to estimate the C-HEI in Canadian populations with the addition of food group equivalents (representing Canada’s Food Guide servings) to the C-DHQ II nutrient database. We describe methods developed to augment the C-DHQ II nutrient database to estimate the C-HEI. Methods Food group equivalents were created using food and nutrient data from existing published food and nutrient databases (e.g. the Canadian Community Health Survey — Cycle 2.2 Nutrition [2004]). The variables were then added to the C-DHQ II companion nutrient database. C-HEI scores were determined and descriptive analyses conducted for participants who completed the C-DHQ II in a cross-sectional Canadian study. Results The mean (standard deviation) C-HEI score in this sample of 446 adults aged 20 to 83 was 64.4 (10.8). Women, non-smokers, and those with more than high school education had statistically significant higher C-HEI scores than men, smokers and those with high school diplomas or less. Conclusion The ability to assess C-HEI using the C-DHQ II facilitates the study of diet quality and health outcomes in Canada.

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Consumption of Ready-to-Eat Cereal in Canada and Its Contribution to Nutrient Intake and Nutrient Density among Canadians

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11051009 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 1009 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Hassan Vatanparast ◽

Naorin Islam ◽

Rashmi Prakash Patil ◽

Arash Shamloo ◽

Pardis Keshavarz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin B6 ◽

Nutrient Intake ◽

Age Groups ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Canadian Community Health Survey ◽

Milk Consumption ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Nutrient Density ◽

Community Health Survey ◽

Nationally Representative

In recent years, ready-to-eat cereal (RTEC) has become a common breakfast option in Canada and worldwide. This study used the nationally representative cross-sectional data from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) 2015-Nutrition to determine patterns of RTEC consumption in Canada and the contribution to nutrient intake among Canadians who were ≥2 years, of whom 22 ± 0.6% consumed RTEC on any given day. The prevalence of RTEC consumption was highest in children aged two to 12 years (37.6 ± 1.2%), followed by adolescents aged 13 to 18 years (28.8 ± 1.4%), and then by adults ≥19 years (18.9 ± 0.6%). RTEC consumers had higher intakes of “nutrients to encourage” compared to the RTEC non-consumers. More than 15% of the daily intake of some nutrients, such as folic acid, iron, thiamin, and vitamin B6, were contributed by RTEC. It was noted that nearly 66% of milk consumption was co-consumed with RTEC among RTEC consumers. The nutrient density of the diet, as defined by Nutrient-Rich Food Index (NRF 9.3), was significantly higher among RTEC consumers compared to non-consumers. RTEC consumption was not associated with overweight/obesity. RTEC consumption considerably contributed to the intake of some key nutrients among all age groups in Canada.

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The cross-sectional relationships between consumption of takeaway food, eating meals outside the home and diet quality in British adolescents

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980018002690 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 63-73 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Ayyoub K Taher ◽

Nina Evans ◽

Charlotte EL Evans

Keyword(s):

Diet Quality ◽

Household Income ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Dietary Guidelines ◽

Nutrition Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Frequent Consumption ◽

The Uk ◽

Score Range

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to evaluate the association of frequency of consuming takeaway meals and meals out with diet quality of UK adolescents.DesignThe Diet Quality Index for Adolescents (DQI-A) tool was used to assess diet quality, where adolescents’ food intake was based on 4d diary records obtained from the UK cross-sectional National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) rolling programme Years 1–6. Models included confounders.SettingThe DQI-A relies on three components, specifically diet quality, diversity and equilibrium, which reflect the degree of adherence of an adolescent’s diet with food-based dietary guidelines.ParticipantsBritish (n 2045) adolescents aged 11–18 years.ResultsMean diet quality score for all adolescents was 20·4 % (overall DQI-A score range: −33 to 100 %). After adjusting for age, gender and equivalised household income, DQI-A% score was higher for low and moderate takeaway consumers by 7·4 % (95 % CI 5·5, 9·2; P<0·01) and 3·5 % (95 % CI 1·9, 5·1; P<0·01), respectively, v. frequent consumers. Significant differences were also observed between low, moderate and frequent takeaway consumers among all DQI-A components and sub-components (P<0·05), except for the diet adequacy sub-component (DAx). Results for frequent consumption of meals out were similar but attenuated and not statistically significant for individual components before or after adjusting for confounders.ConclusionsFrequent consumption of takeaway meals may have a negative impact on adolescents’ diet quality and therefore policies to reduce the intake of takeaways should be considered in this age group.

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Association between Grain Intake, Nutrient Intake, and Diet Quality of Canadians: Evidence from the Canadian Community Health Survey–Nutrition 2015

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11081937 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1937 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Seyed H Hosseini ◽

Julie M Jones ◽

Hassan Vatanparast

Keyword(s):

Children And Adolescents ◽

Community Health ◽

Health Survey ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Specific Treatment ◽

Canadian Community Health Survey ◽

Whole Grains ◽

Whole Grain ◽

Community Health Survey ◽

Adolescents And Adults

The new Canada’s Food Guide (CFG) recommends whole grains foods as the primary choice of grain products in the daily diet. This study examined whether higher shares of whole-grain consumption, beyond the recommended levels (i.e., above half) of the daily grain intake, are linked with optimal diet quality and intakes of some key nutrients, for both children and adolescents and adults in Canada. To meet the objective of this study, we used the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS)–Nutrition 2015, which is a nationally representative data. We employed the propensity score matching (PSM) method in this study. PSM estimates the exposure effect when a set of individuals are exposed to a specific treatment (food group intake in this study) in a non-experimental setting. The results of our analyses implied that a high consumption of whole grains is associated with a good diet quality. However, after a certain level of whole-grain consumption, no significant differences can be observed in diet quality scores of children and adolescents and adults. Moreover, it was observed that the proportion of obese and overweight individuals was significantly lower among adults that had balanced intakes of whole and non-whole grains. The results of logistic regression analyses also showed the probability of being obese and overweight is significantly lower in the case of adults with balanced intakes of grains. However, no significant differences were observed in the prevalence of obesity and overweight across whole grains consumption patterns for children and adolescents.

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Food and nutrient intake and diet quality among older Americans

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980021000586 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Yeon Jin Choi ◽

Eileen M Crimmins ◽

Jung Ki Kim ◽

Jennifer A Ailshire

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Healthy Eating ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

Healthy Food ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Dietary Guidelines ◽

Nutritional Deficiencies ◽

Nutrition Survey ◽

Older Americans

Abstract Objective: A suboptimal diet and nutritional deficiencies can have important influences on health with significant impact among older adults. This study aims to assess the presence of suboptimal dietary intake among older Americans and identify risk and protective factors influencing diet quality. Design: Cross-sectional secondary analysis. Setting: USA. Participants: A nationally representative sample of 5614 community-dwelling older adults over age 54 in the Health and Retirement Study – Health Care and Nutrition Survey. Results: Overall, only 10·7 % of respondents had a good quality diet (Healthy Eating Index score 81 and above); the majority had diets considered poor or needing improvement. Less than 50 % of respondents met dietary guidelines and nutritional goals for most individual food groups and nutrients. Respondents with low socio-economic status, fewer psychosocial resources and those who had limited access to healthy food outlets were more likely to have a diet of suboptimal quality. Conclusions: Efforts to remove identified barriers that put older adults at risk for poor nutrition and to provide resources that increase access to healthy food should be made to encourage healthy eating and enhance diet quality.

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Diet quality, general health and anthropometric outcomes in a Latin American population: evidence from the Colombian National Nutritional Survey (ENSIN) 2010

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980019005093 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Gustavo Mora-García ◽

Antonio Trujillo ◽

Vanessa García-Larsen

Keyword(s):

Waist Circumference ◽

Latin American ◽

Diet Quality ◽

General Health ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

Nutrition Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Reduced Height ◽

Nationally Representative

Abstract Objective: Colombia is experiencing a nutrition transition, characterised by nutritionally poor diets and an increased prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCD). We aimed to investigate the association between diet quality and general health outcomes related to the risk of NCD, in a nationally representative sample of Colombian adolescents and adults. Design: Cross-sectional analysis. The Alternative Healthy-Eating Index (AHEI) was derived to calculate diet quality. Adjusted regressions were used to examine the association between AHEI, self-perceived general health status (GHS) and anthropometric variables (i.e. age-specific z-scores for height, and BMI for adolescents; waist circumference and BMI for adults). Setting: Nationally representative data from the Colombian National Nutrition Survey (ENSIN) 2010. Participants: Adolescents aged 10–17 years (n 6566) and adults aged ≥18 years (n 6750). Results: AHEI scores were similar between adolescents (mean 29·3 ± 7·2) and adults (mean 30·5 ± 7·2). In the whole sample, a better diet quality (higher AHEI score) was associated with worse self-perceived GHS (adjusted (a) β-coefficient: –0·004; P < 0·001) and with a smaller waist circumference ((a) β-coefficient: –0·06; P < 0·01). In adults, a higher AHEI score was negatively associated with BMI ((a) β-coefficient: –0·02; P < 0·05), whilst in adolescents it was associated with a reduced height-for-age z-score ((a) β-coefficient: –0·009; P < 0·001). Conclusions: A better diet quality was associated with reduced prevalence of predictors of NCD and with some indicators of general health in the Colombian population. In light of the high prevalence of overweight, our findings support the need for public health interventions focused on sustainable positive changes in dietary habits in the general population.

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Prevalence of overweight and obesity among young people in Great Britain

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1079/phn2003539 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 461-465 ◽

Cited By ~ 72

Author(s):

Susan A Jebb ◽

Kirsten L Rennie ◽

Tim J Cole

Keyword(s):

Great Britain ◽

Young People ◽

Task Force ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Social Classes ◽

Nutrition Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Prevalence Of Obesity ◽

Nationally Representative

AbstractObjective:To determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in British young people (4–18 years) in 1997.Design:Cross-sectional analysis of the National Diet and Nutrition Survey of young people.Setting:Great Britain.Subjects:Nationally representative sample of 1836 young people (age 4–18 years).Results:The prevalence of obesity based on body mass index (weight/height2) and the International Obesity Task Force cut–offs was 4.0%, with a further 15.4% identified as overweight. Asians were almost four times as likely to be obese as white subjects (13.6 vs. 3.5%, P < 0.001). Among white subjects there was no significant difference in the prevalence of obesity between girls and boys, or with age. The risk of obesity was significantly higher in subjects from social classes IV and V than from social classes I–III (6.5 vs. 2.7%, P = 0.003). Subjects living in Scotland and Wales were significantly more likely to be obese than those in England (7.6 and 6.5 vs. 2.9%, respectively, P < 0.01). Multiple logistic regression showed that, among white subjects, those in social classes IV and V living in Wales and Scotland were three times more likely to be obese than the other children in the survey (odds ratio 3.3, 95% confidence interval 1.1–9.8).Conclusion:These data provide information on the national prevalence of overweight and obesity in Great Britain and baseline data from which to monitor future trends. This analysis provides important demographic information on those most at risk of obesity, which may be used to inform public health strategies to prevent obesity in young people.

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