Diagnosis and Management of Odontogenic Myxoma in a Dog

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Meyers ◽  
Sonja C. Boy ◽  
Gerhard Steenkamp
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Odontogenic Tumors ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Pathologic Features ◽  
Odontogenic Origin ◽  
Molar Teeth ◽  
Diagnostic Modalities ◽  
The Right

A three-year-old Jack Russell terrier dog was presented with a large gingival mass of the right mandible extending from the fourth premolar to the first molar teeth. Radiographic examination of the expansile mass revealed moth-eaten, honeycomb-like lyses of the mandible and extended into the mandibular alveolar canal based on computed tomography. The histopathological diagnosis of the biopsy was odontogenic fibromyxoma. Mandibulectomy with resection of the associated soft tissues was performed. Surgical management was curative with no clinical signs of disease 2-years after treatment. These neoplasms are slow growing, locally destructive tumors of odontogenic origin that have been described in the jaw of only one dog. In this paper, the clinico-radiological and pathologic features, diagnostic modalities as well as the factors that might influence treatment outcome of odontogenic myxomas are discussed. These odontogenic tumors are currently excluded from the WHO classification of odontogenic tumors in domestic animals and inclusion in future classifications systems is proposed.

Ameloblastic Fibroma Associated With Impacted 3rd Molar: A Case Report

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
K Indira Priyadarshini ◽  
Karthik Raghupathy ◽  
K V Lokesh ◽  
B Venu Naidu
Keyword(s):  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Posterior Region ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Dental Eruption ◽  
Ameloblastic Fibroma ◽  
Odontogenic Origin ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Right ◽  
Slow Growing

Ameloblastic fibroma is an uncommon mixed neoplasm of odontogenic origin with a relative frequency between 1.5 – 4.5%. It can occur either in the mandible or maxilla, but predominantly seen in the posterior region of the mandible. It occurs in the first two decades of life. Most of the times it is associated with tooth enclosure, causing a delay in eruption or altering the dental eruption sequence. The common clinical manifestation is a slow growing painless swelling and is detected during routine radiographic examination. There is controversy in the mode of treatment, whether conservative or aggressive. Here we reported a 38 year old male patient referred for evaluation of painless swelling on the right posterior region of the mandible associated with clinically missing 3rd molar. The lesion was completely enucleated under general anesthesia along with the extraction of impacted molar.

Tibial plateau levelling osteotomy in an alpaca

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (04) ◽  
pp. 332-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Girard ◽  
J. O’Riordan ◽  
N. Fitzpatrick ◽  
T. J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Tibial Plateau ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Tibial Osteotomy ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Stifle Joint ◽  
Pelvic Limb ◽  
The Right

SummaryIn this report, a case of cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) rupture treated by tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO), in a 36-month-old male breeding alpaca, is described. The alpaca was presented with the complaint of acute onset of right pelvic limb lameness. The findings of our clinical and radiographic examinations were consistent with CrCL insufficiency of the right stifle joint. The right tibial plateau angle measured prior to surgery was 19°. A TPLO was performed and this eliminated cranial tibial thrust. Culture of a swab taken from the surgical site prior to wound closure was positive for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Enrofloxacin was administered parenterally for two weeks postoperatively. There were not any clinical signs of infection noted. Outcome assessments included veterinary examination (two and six weeks) and owner assessment (28 months). At two weeks the animal walked with a grade 2/5 lameness, and at six weeks radiographic examination showed progression of bone healing at the site of tibial osteotomy. A return to full breeding fitness occurred by eight weeks after the surgery. The alpaca remained free from lameness 28 months later, according to the owner.

scholarly journals Situs inversus in a Dog

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Renata Meira Lopes de Castro Mello ◽  
Flávia Bormann Vieira Nassif ◽  
Flávio Guilherme Costa Lima ◽  
Marjane Santos de Matos Carvalho ◽  
Renata Santiago Alberto Carlos
Keyword(s):  
Situs Inversus ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Radiographic Finding ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Mirror Image ◽  
The Body ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Veterinary Clinic ◽  
The Right

Background: Situs inversus (SI) is a rare congenital malformation characterized by the transposition of the viscera (thoracic and/or abdominal) to the opposite side of its normal topography, as a mirror image. In situs inversus totalis (SIT), all organs are inverted, in addition to the cardiac apex being directed to the right side of the body (dextrocardia). It may not present any clinical signs, and hence, it may be an accidental finding. Because of the rare occurrence of SIT, no epidemiological studies have been conducted in dogs. In 50% of the cases, it may be associated with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), whichcauses respiratory clinical signs. SIT can be diagnosed using routine examinations such as ultrasonography, radiography, tomography, and echocardiography. The objective of this paper was to describe the radiographic and echocardiographic findings in a dog with SIT.Case: A 4-month-old Yorkshire Terrier bitch was admitted to the veterinary clinic, with a clinical complaint of cough. A physical examination showed that the dog’s general conditions were good; it had normal appetite and the mucous membranes had a normal color. Radiographic examination revealed changes in the topographic anatomy of the organs. Thecardiac silhouette was inverted, adopting a “D” form; this suggested that the left-side chambers were positioned on the right side, and the right-side chambers were located in the left topographic region. The aortic arch was visible on the right side of the thorax. A diffuse non-structured pulmonary interstitial pattern was observed on latero-lateral projections, whichcould be associated with an inflammatory process. The fundic region of the stomach, spleen, and thymus were visible on the right side. The liver was on the left side of the patient’s abdomen. The stomach contained a foreign body of radiopaque nature that was considered a radiographic finding. Echocardiography revealed the right atrium on the left, and the leftatrium on the right side. The diagnosis was SIT. The prescribed treatment included prednisolone (1 mg/Kg SID) and Nacetylcysteine (10 mg/kg BID), both for 7 days, based on the possibility of bronchitis. Upon return after medication, the animal showed no clinical signs of cough. After 1 year of SIT diagnosis, the animal has remained asymptomatic and hasshown good physical development.Discussion: Dogs with SIT do not usually show clinical signs, and the condition is considered an accidental finding on complementary examinations such as ultrasonography, radiography, tomography, and echocardiography. The radiographic examination associated with echocardiography allowed the identification of SIT, which in this case was not associated with PCD because the respiratory clinical signs had not reappeared after treatment. The prognosis in this case was consideredgood, corroborating the findings of previous studies showing that the prognosis of individuals with isolated SI is good in the absence of any structural cardiac alteration or other underlying diagnoses, with the average life expectancy being similar to that of the general population. In conclusion, when isolated, SIT is an abnormality that is difficult to diagnose because it does not necessarily present clinical signs. The case reported here contributes to the literature because it documents an accidental finding of an isolated case of SIT in a young dog, which had a good prognosis and quality of life after treatment.Keywords: dog, ciliary disease, inversion of organs.

Myofibrosarcoma of the Adrenal Gland

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-193
Author(s):  
S.A. Mclaughlin ◽  
T.M. Schmitt ◽  
K.L. Huguet ◽  
D.M. Menke ◽  
J.H. Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Adrenal Mass ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
First Case ◽  
Pathologic Features ◽  
Adrenal Masses ◽  
The Right

Adrenal masses have varying presentations. Most commonly, adrenal masses are discovered incidentally on CT or MRI during an evaluation for an unrelated complaint. Although the majority of these are nonfunctional cortical adenomas, hormonally active tumors and adrenocortical carcinoma must also be considered in the differential diagnosis. Rarely, retroperitoneal tumors may mimic an adrenal mass. We report a case of a 49-year-old man with anemia and weight loss who was found to have a large retroperitoneal mass arising from the adrenal gland. Surgical treatment involved en bloc resection of the right kidney, adrenal gland, segments 7 and 8 of the liver, and a portion of the right hemidiaphragm. Final pathology revealed a low-grade myofibrosarcoma. We believe that this is the first case report of a myofibrosarcoma of the adrenal gland. Myofibrosarcomas are rare malignant tumors composed of myofibroblasts that arise from the deep soft tissues. These tumors have a predilection for the head and neck, trunk, or extremities. Myofibrosarcomas can be differentiated from other sarcomas by immunohistochemical staining and pathologic features. We will briefly discuss the workup of an adrenal mass and focus on the diagnosis of myofibrosarcoma.

scholarly journals Radiological diagnosis of rectocutaneous fistulas in a cat - a case report

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-259
Author(s):  
Anna Łojszczyk-Szczepaniak ◽  
Renata Komsta ◽  
Piotr Dębiak ◽  
Lisiak Barbara
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Radiological Examination ◽  
Fistula Tract ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Caudal Vertebra ◽  
Faecal Material ◽  
Ultrasound Evaluation ◽  
Diagnostic Modalities ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Right

Abscess and perirectal fistulas are common in humans but not so in animals. Fistulas located in tissues surrounding the anus are usually described in the course of furunculosis in dogs. This study presents the case of a one-year-old cat in which two rectocutaneous fistulas had formed. This process was a result of the chronic inflammation of tissues around the base of the tail due to the drainage of an abscess. The animal was referred for radiological examination with clinical signs of dyschezia. Faecal material was discharged only through the fistulas situated on both sides of the tail. The aim of the radiological examination was to preoperatively determine the course of the fistula tract and to identify their internal openings. Fistulography revealed that both fistulas were connected with each other and with the rectal lumen. Their external opening was located at the height of the 4th caudal vertebra, 1.5 cm (fistula on the right) and 2 cm (fistula on the left) from the wall of the rectum. The fistula located on the right side branched cranially. The rectal lumen in this area was significantly narrowed. Abscess formation resulting in the development of rectocutaneous fistulas has not yet been described in dogs or cats. In the present case, fistulography made it possible to identify directly the source and course of the fistula canal. This examination should be complemented by other diagnostic modalities, such as a contrast examination of the gastrointerstinal tract, ultrasound evaluation, and magnetic resonance imaging.

Brachial Plexus Injury in the Newborn Infant

1984 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 110-115
Author(s):  
Gabriella E. Molnar
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
Abnormal Posture ◽  
Tensile Forces ◽  
Vertex Presentation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Structural Disruption

Brachial plexus palsy occurs at a frequency of approximately four cases in 1,000 births. The most obvious signs of trauma to the brachial plexus in the newborn are limp hypotonic arm, paucity or lack of movements, and abnormal posture of the affected limb. ETIOLOGY In most cases, there has been a complicated delivery with prolonged, difficult labor. The infant is often large. The mechanism of injury is traction upon the brachial plexus. Excessive stretching may occur in either breech on vertex presentation, as the head and neck are forced into lateral flexion to deliver the shoulders. The slightly higher incidence on the right side is attributed to the greater frequency of left occiput anterior presentation. Experimental studies have shown that resistance to structural disruption by tensile forces differs in various segments of the brachial plexus. Neuronal elements surrounded by soft tissues are less vulnerable to injury than nerve roots; the latter are adjacent to bone as they exit through the foramina and course along the grooves of the transverse processes. ANATOMY Clinical signs relate to the site of the lesion. The distribution of weakness reflects the anatomy of the brachial plexus (Figure), whereas the abnormal postures of the affected extremity are caused by the imbalance and unopposed action of muscles that remained innervated.

scholarly journals Colocephalectomy for the Treatment of Capital Physeal Fracture of the Femoral Head in Pony

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andressa Duarte Lorga ◽  
Peterson Triches Dornbusch ◽  
Anny Raissa Carolini Gomes ◽  
Mariana Cocco ◽  
Flávia Do Prado Augusto Amaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Head ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Surgical Wound ◽  
Physeal Fracture ◽  
First Case ◽  
Painful Sensation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Physeal Fractures

Background: Femoral capital physeal fractures occur in young animals and are generally associated with trauma. They have a poor prognosis and surgical therapy is the most indicated. There are few studies describing surgical treatment and postoperative results, so the objective of the present report was to present the first case in Brazil of a colocefalectomy for the treatment of femoral capital physeal fracture in a young pony, the post-surgical and the results obtained with the technique employed.Case: An 18-month-old pony, male, not castrated, , weighing 136 kg was referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Paraná (HV-UFPR) with a history of trauma for 4 days. On physical examination, the animal presented lameness grade 5 of the right pelvic limb, shortening and lateral deviation of the limb, crackling and painful sensation on abduction, and slight atrophy of the gluteal muscles on the affected side. In the radiographic examination, a femoral capital physeal fracture was found in the oblique ventro-dorsal projection. Once the diagnosis was performed, a colocefalectomy was realized, as the patient is a light and short horse. The patient underwent general anesthesia and was placed in the left lateral position. The access to the coxofemoral joint was made through the lateral face of the right hindlimb. The muscles of the region were incised and deviated, so a partial myotomy was performed in the deep gluteal and vastus lateralis. This procedure allowed to visualize the fracture, where the head of the femur remained congruent to the acetabulum. A hammer and a curved osteotome were used to section the round ligament, allowing the dislocation of the femoral head and with the aid of an oscillating orthopedic saw was performed the femoral neck ostectomy. Previously to the synthesis of the muscular planes and the skin, a passive tubular drain was fixed, in order to avoid the accumulation of exudate and consequent dehiscence of stitches, which was removed on the 6th postoperative day. For postoperative analgesia, epidural morphine was administered for 6 days and intravenous phenylbutazone for 3 days. Antibiotic therapy was performed with Ceftiofur and Metronidazole. The stitches were removed on the 15th postoperative day, after the correct healing of the surgical wound. The patient’s return to activity was gradual and he was pasture sound on the 42nd postoperative day. After medical discharge, contact with the owner was kept until the fifth postoperative month, and he related that the animal remained walking well and maintaining his reproductive function.Discussion: Femoral capital physeal fractures can occur in young animals, and are not common in clinical surgical care. Clinical signs are crackle of the joint on manipulation and presence of swelling in the affected region. The patient in question, in addition to evident lameness, had crackling and painful sensation during the abduction of the limb, but there was no local swelling, but an atrophy of the musculature of the limb, that occurs in cases of chronic femoral injury. Surgical intervention is the indicated method of treatment and should be performed as soon as possible after the injury has occurred, avoiding the worsening of bone and joint degeneration. Femoral head ostectomy is more suitable for animals less than 12 months old and weighing up to 100 kg. The technique has as a postoperative complication the contamination of the surgical wound, however the implantation of the passive tubular drain allowed rapid evolution of healing. Physical rehabilitation in the postoperative period is variable according to the progress of the animal’s locomotion. Therefore, the colocefalectomy technique aims to maintain the patient’s quality of life, even as in the case reported, it allowed the animal to maintain the reproductive function.

scholarly journals Equine Sesamoiditis: Report on one case

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 350
Author(s):  
N. DIAKAKIS (Ν.ΔΙΑΚΑΚΗΣ) ◽  
M. MARAKI (M. MAPAKH) ◽  
M. PATSIKAS (Μ. ΠΑΤΣΙΚΑΣ) ◽  
A. DESIRIS (Α. ΔΕΣΙΡΗΣ)
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Insertion Site ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Initial Examination ◽  
Suspensory Ligament ◽  
Therapeutic Protocols ◽  
The Right ◽  
Limb Flexion ◽  
Palmar Aspect

Sesamoiditis is the inflammation of the proximal sesamoid bones. The aetiopathogenesis of sesamoiditis is still open to discussion, while several therapeutic protocols have been put forward. This study presents the case of a l6year-old Dutch Warmblood gelding with sesamoiditis of the right forelimb. A right forelimb lameness (3/10), with a positive lower limb flexion test (5/10) was noted, and enlargement of the soft tissues of the right fore fedock. Based on the positive low four point nerve block, radiographic examination of the fedock revealed the presence of numerous radiolucent areas along the palmar aspect of the sesamoidean bones, but only minimal new bone formation on its base. An ultrasonographic evaluation of the suspensory ligament and the distal sesamoidean ligaments was made, something which did not detect any abnormalities. Phenylobutazone (4mg/kg i.v. SID) was administered for five days and, also, local hydrotherapy with cold water was used and the horse was given a 15- day box rest. The horse was re-examined three months following the initial inspection. The radiographic examination of the fetlock showed the same lesions with the initial examination. The second ultrasonographic evaluation, though, showed enlargement by 50% of the lateral branch of the suspensory ligament with loss of the normal outline. Moreover, anechoic areas were noted within the branch with calcification at its insertion site. To address the inflammation phenylobutazone (4mg/kg i.v.) was administered for ten days and, also, local hydrotherapy with cold water was used. Box-rest for 30 days was recommended. In the end of this period there was no inflammation in the fetlock region. A blister (TWYDIL liquid blister®) was used in order to resolve the chronic inflammation of the suspensory apparatus. The horse was then given three weeks of box rest and received correcting shoeing (egg- bar shoe with elevated heels and rolled- toe). It was then put in a gradually increasingexercise program.

Unicameral bone cyst of the patella in a young dog

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (05) ◽  
pp. 359-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Briotti ◽  
B. Beale ◽  
M. Petazzoni
Keyword(s):  
Physical Examination ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Proximal Tibia ◽  
Bone Cyst ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Unicameral Bone Cyst ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Autogenous Bone ◽  
Hindlimb Lameness

SummaryThis report describes a case of a solitary unicameral patellar bone cyst in a young dog. A five-month-old, male Dobermann Pinscher dog was referred for a 10-day left hindlimb lameness. A mild swelling of the peripatellar soft tissues of the left patella was detected upon physical examination. Signs of pain were elicited upon direct palpation of the patella. Radiographic examination revealed an oval radiolucency within the medullary cavity at the base of the left patella. Radiographic examination, arthroscopy, and histopathology findings supported the diagnosis of a benign patellar bone cyst. The condition was treated by surgical curettage and autogenous bone graft harvested from the ipsilateral proximal tibia. Clinical signs, including lameness and signs of pain upon deep palpation, disappeared three weeks after surgery. Follow-up re-evaluation five years after surgery revealed no recurrence of the cyst and the patient was asymptomatic.

scholarly journals Lung-Digit Syndrome Related to an Adenosquamous Feline Lung Carcinoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Noleto De Paiva ◽  
Max Ferreira de Andrade ◽  
Dayane Caicó Collares Araújo ◽  
Rafaela Da Silva Goes ◽  
Thiago Souza Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Adenosquamous Carcinoma ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Purulent Discharge ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Squamous Differentiation ◽  
Thoracic Limb ◽  
The Right ◽  
Histopathological Report

Background: The lung-digit syndrome is a rare syndrome characterized by the presence of a primary pulmonar neoplasia manifesting metastasis to the digit, occurring exclusively in felines. The diagnosis is based on the clinical signs, associated with radiographic and histopathological exams. There are no therapeutic protocols well-established, and surgical excision is considered controversial due to high recurrence and metastasis rates. The prognosis is considered poor, with low survival rates. The aim of this paper is to report a case of lung-digit syndrome attended in Rio de Janeiro.Case: A 12-year-old female cat, no defined race, was attend with the complaint of weight loss and injury in the right thoracic limb, already having histopathological diagnosis of squamous differentiation adenocarcinoma through biopsy. Physical examination showed no other clinical signs at first, including no signs of respiratory disease. Laboratory and imaging exams were performed, and the radiographic examination showed alterations in the pulmonary parenchyma showing a nodular area of increased radiographic density. Followed up by the manifestation of breathing noise at rest, as the first respiratory signs. The association of the clinical evaluation, medical history, and histopathological report from the limb lesion, lead to the suspicion diagnostic of lung-digit syndrome. The owners decide for the palliative treatment with chemotherapy, using carboplatin and prednisolone. Only the first session was performed, with the animal being euthanized due to clinical worsening 48 days after the initial manifestation of clinical signs. The diagnosis was confirmed by post mortem exams, and the pulmonary nodule were diagnosed as adenocarcinoma with squamous differentiation in concordance with the limb lesion diagnosis.Discussion: The lung-digit syndrome is still poorly studied in the veterinary medicine, with few reports published. Epidemiological data shows major incidence in elderly cats, with no racial or sexual predisposition, occurring in a 12-year-old cat in the present case. There are few theorys to explain the etiopathogenesis of the syndrome, however, none have been fully comproved. The clinical symptomatology varies from asymptomatic animals to those manifesting nonspecific systemic signs and respiratory signs. In this case the animal initially manifested only the presence of the digit injury and weight loss, with respiratory signs manifesting later. The digital lesion local signs usually include swelling, ulceration, purulent discharge, nail loss, and pain, occurring more frequently in the thoracic limbs, involving weight-bearing digits, as in the present report that occurred in the right thoracic limb, with involvement of the first and third digits. Radiographic findings may help in the diagnosis suspicion, having the confirmation by histopathological examination. The most frequent histological types involved in the syndrome are the adenocarcinoma, bronchoalveolar carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma. The squamous-differentiated adenocarcinoma or adenosquamous carcinoma, as described in the histopathological report in the present case, is the least frequent. The treatment protocol is not well-established with no proven effective treatment. Surgical excision is not recomended as a palliative method, and the chemotherapy and radiotherapy sucess rates are still unknown. The prognosis is considered extremely unfavorable and early diagnosis represents the best attempt to control the disease.

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