Brachial Plexus Injury in the Newborn Infant

1984 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 110-115
Author(s):  
Gabriella E. Molnar
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
Abnormal Posture ◽  
Tensile Forces ◽  
Vertex Presentation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Structural Disruption

Brachial plexus palsy occurs at a frequency of approximately four cases in 1,000 births. The most obvious signs of trauma to the brachial plexus in the newborn are limp hypotonic arm, paucity or lack of movements, and abnormal posture of the affected limb. ETIOLOGY In most cases, there has been a complicated delivery with prolonged, difficult labor. The infant is often large. The mechanism of injury is traction upon the brachial plexus. Excessive stretching may occur in either breech on vertex presentation, as the head and neck are forced into lateral flexion to deliver the shoulders. The slightly higher incidence on the right side is attributed to the greater frequency of left occiput anterior presentation. Experimental studies have shown that resistance to structural disruption by tensile forces differs in various segments of the brachial plexus. Neuronal elements surrounded by soft tissues are less vulnerable to injury than nerve roots; the latter are adjacent to bone as they exit through the foramina and course along the grooves of the transverse processes. ANATOMY Clinical signs relate to the site of the lesion. The distribution of weakness reflects the anatomy of the brachial plexus (Figure), whereas the abnormal postures of the affected extremity are caused by the imbalance and unopposed action of muscles that remained innervated.

A rare variation in the formation of the lower trunk of the brachial plexus its embryological basis and clinical importance - a case report

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
N Satyanarayana ◽  
R Guha ◽  
P Sunitha ◽  
GN Reddy ◽  
G Praveen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
Rare Variation ◽  
Lower Trunk ◽  
Male Cadaver ◽  
The Right

Brachial plexus is the plexus of nerves, that supplies the upper limb.Variations in the branches of brachial plexus are common but variations in the roots and trunks are very rare. Here, we report one of the such rare variations in the formations of the lower trunk of the brachial plexus in the right upper limb of a male cadaver. In the present case the lower trunk was formed by the union of ventral rami of C7,C8 and T1 nerve roots. The middle trunk was absent. Upper trunk formation was normal. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal,2011,Vol-6,No-4, 49-52 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v6i4.6727

Porażenie splotu barkowego u niemowlęcia jako objaw guza kanału kręgowego – opis przypadku

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Perdeus ◽  
Michał Brzewski ◽  
Przemysław Bombiński
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Lateral Ventricle ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Brachial Plexus Palsy ◽  
Perinatal Injury ◽  
Imaging Examination ◽  
The Right

A brachial plexus palsy is rare in infants, particularly if it is not related to any perinatal injury. An abnormal mass pressing the nerves should be included in the differentiation. The differential diagnosis allows for defining the scope and etiology of pathological masses on the neck. We present the case of an infant with a brachial plexus palsy. The clinical examination and the subsequent imaging examination have shown the presence of a nodular change in the soft tissues of the neck. The change was connected with the mass located intramedullary. Additionally, there was a focal change located subependymally in the stem of the right lateral ventricle. The histopathology test has shown the presence of a multifocal AT/RT tumour. Conclusions. 1. In the case of a brachial plexus palsy in infants, particularly after the neonatal period, intraspinal tumours should be included in the differential diagnosis. 2. AT/RT tumours are rare, but they occur relatively more often in children above the age of 3.

Diagnosis and Management of Odontogenic Myxoma in a Dog

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Meyers ◽  
Sonja C. Boy ◽  
Gerhard Steenkamp
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Odontogenic Tumors ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Pathologic Features ◽  
Odontogenic Origin ◽  
Molar Teeth ◽  
Diagnostic Modalities ◽  
The Right

A three-year-old Jack Russell terrier dog was presented with a large gingival mass of the right mandible extending from the fourth premolar to the first molar teeth. Radiographic examination of the expansile mass revealed moth-eaten, honeycomb-like lyses of the mandible and extended into the mandibular alveolar canal based on computed tomography. The histopathological diagnosis of the biopsy was odontogenic fibromyxoma. Mandibulectomy with resection of the associated soft tissues was performed. Surgical management was curative with no clinical signs of disease 2-years after treatment. These neoplasms are slow growing, locally destructive tumors of odontogenic origin that have been described in the jaw of only one dog. In this paper, the clinico-radiological and pathologic features, diagnostic modalities as well as the factors that might influence treatment outcome of odontogenic myxomas are discussed. These odontogenic tumors are currently excluded from the WHO classification of odontogenic tumors in domestic animals and inclusion in future classifications systems is proposed.

Acute abdomen in pregnancy: a retrospective study of pregnant patients hospitalised for abdominal pain

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-135
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Abdominal Emergency ◽  
Lower Abdominal Quadrant ◽  
Abdominal Emergencies ◽  
The Right ◽  
Abdominal Quadrant ◽  
In Pregnancy

Introduction: Abdominal emergencies occur in pregnant women with the rate of 1:500−635 pregnancies. Such conditions usually develop from full health and worsen rapidly. Symptoms are often similar to those in physiological pregnancy (abdominal pain, vomiting, constipation). The diagnostic process is thus difficult and both the mother and her child are at risk. Our aim was to evaluate the frequency of abdominal emergencies in the Department of Surgery, University Hospital in Pilsen and to consider their impact on pregnancy and on the newborn. Methods: We acquired a set of patients by retrograde collection of data. We searched for pregnant patients suspected of developing an abdominal emergency admitted to the Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Pilsen between 2004 and 2015. We evaluated a number of clinical signs to statistically describe the set. Results: The set included 121 patients; 42 of the patients underwent a surgical procedure and 79 received conservative treatment. 38 patients underwent appendectomy; 6 appendixes were with no pathologies. McBurney’s incision was an approach of choice in most cases. The most frequent symptom was pain in the right lower abdominal quadrant. The foetus has been lost in none of the cases. Conclusion: Acute appendicitis was the most frequent abdominal emergency in our set and also the most frequent reason for surgical intervention. The most specific sign was pain in the right lower abdominal quadrant. No impact of appendicitis or appendectomy on the health of the newborn has been observed. Even though abdominal emergencies in pregnancy are relatively rare, the results of the department are very good.

The massive nodular cutaneous and soft tissues lesions of the right shoulder and the arm as the extramedullary manifestation of the advanced stage of multiple myeloma

Oncoreview ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 180-183
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Drobiecki ◽  
Marcin Pasiarski ◽  
Agnieszka Stelmach-Gołdyś ◽  
Bartosz Garus
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
The Right

scholarly journals Acute otitis media in an infant complicated with osteoarthritis of temporomandibular joint and sub-periosteal abscess of the clavicle

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaoutar Cherrabi ◽  
Hind Cherrabi
Keyword(s):  
Septic Arthritis ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Pediatric Emergency ◽  
Ear Infections ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background Otomastoiditis is a very frequent affection and a current complication of mal-treated benign ear infections in children. However, this a very rare case of the association of two rare complications of otomastoiditis in a newborn. On the one hand, septic arthritis of the temporomandibular joint which is a very rare condition that is difficult to diagnose, and when unrecognized or not treated accordingly, it can resolve in serious infectious complication and or definitive injury to the temporomandibular joint. On the other hand, osteomyelitis of the clavicle is also very rare, and only a few cases have been cited in the literature concerning infants. Case presentation This 46-day-old infant was brought to pediatric emergency consultation for 2 swelling inflammatory bulges, one in the right mastoid and pre-auricular regions, and another in the right basi-cervical area. The infant was hypertrophic febrile, hypotonic, and pale. He had preserved archaic reflexes. Besides, blood test showed an inflammatory syndrome, inflammatory anemia, and no other abnormalities. Upon supplementary computed tomodensitometry exam, the diagnosis of a combination of septic arthritis of the right temporomandibular joint and sub-periosteal abscess of the ipsilateral clavicle in a context of hypotrophy and malnutrition was suspected. A pus sample was obtained for bacteriological evaluation, after which the infant had a course of intravenous associated antibiotics, along with nutritional assessment and management. Surgical drainage of both collections was performed. The 6-month follow-up was satisfactory, without clinical signs of functional impact on temporomandibular joint, or acromioclavicular joint. Conclusion This work stresses the necessity of thorough clinical examination of infants even in cases of benign ear infections, as well as the importance of adapted treatment and follow-up, which could allow early diagnosis, appropriate treatment, or even prevention of severe complications that can be associated with such benign conditions.

scholarly journals Relationship between Autism Spectrum Disorder and Pesticides: A Systematic Review of Human and Preclinical Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5190
Author(s):  
Judit Biosca-Brull ◽  
Cristian Pérez-Fernández ◽  
Santiago Mora ◽  
Beatriz Carrillo ◽  
Helena Pinos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Preclinical Models ◽  
Gestational Exposure

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex set of neurodevelopmental pathologies characterized by impoverished social and communicative abilities and stereotyped behaviors. Although its genetic basis is unquestionable, the involvement of environmental factors such as exposure to pesticides has also been proposed. Despite the systematic analyses of this relationship in humans, there are no specific reviews including both human and preclinical models. The present systematic review summarizes, analyzes, and discusses recent advances in preclinical and epidemiological studies. We included 45 human and 16 preclinical studies. These studies focused on Organophosphates (OP), Organochlorine (OC), Pyrethroid (PT), Neonicotinoid (NN), Carbamate (CM), and mixed exposures. Preclinical studies, where the OP Chlorpyrifos (CPF) compound is the one most studied, pointed to an association between gestational exposure and increased ASD-like behaviors, although the data are inconclusive with regard to other ages or pesticides. Studies in humans focused on prenatal exposure to OP and OC agents, and report cognitive and behavioral alterations related to ASD symptomatology. The results of both suggest that gestational exposure to certain OP agents could be linked to the clinical signs of ASD. Future experimental studies should focus on extending the analysis of ASD-like behaviors in preclinical models and include exposure patterns similar to those observed in human studies.

scholarly journals Ovarian epithelioid angiosarcoma complicating pregnancy: a case report and review of the literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 030006052110196
Author(s):  
Xiaotong Peng ◽  
Zhi Duan ◽  
Hongling Yin ◽  
Furong Dai ◽  
Huining Liu
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Cystic Teratoma ◽  
Abdominal Distension ◽  
Epithelioid Angiosarcoma ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The Right ◽  
Clinical Awareness

Epithelioid angiosarcoma is a rare and highly aggressive soft tissue angiosarcoma most commonly arising in the deep soft tissues. Given that abundant vascular cavities anastomose with each other, most angiosarcomas prone to metastasis recur quickly, and the overall prognosis is poor. We report a 25-year-old woman at 24 weeks’ gestation who presented with a 1-month history of abdominal distension. Ultrasonography suggested a mass in the right adnexa, and she underwent two operations owing to uncontrolled intraperitoneal bleeding with progressive anemia. The right ovarian tumor and right adnexa were removed successively. Biopsy yielded a diagnosis of primary epithelioid angiosarcoma with mature cystic teratoma. The patient died from uncontrolled progressive bleeding 1 week after the second operation. This case revealed that epithelial angiosarcoma is a highly malignant endothelial cell tumor. The results of surgery and chemoradiotherapy tend to be poor, and the recurrence rate is high. The purpose of this study is to raise clinical awareness of epithelial angiosarcoma and its adverse events and to provide new ideas for the treatment of these adverse events. Immunohistochemical staining of pathological specimens can facilitate diagnosis. Pregnancy with malignant tumors may lead to rapid disease progression, extensive lesions, and a poor prognosis.

scholarly journals Treatment of Experimental Allergic Neuritis With Prednisolone

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.E. Feasby ◽  
J.J. Gilbert ◽  
A.F. Hahn ◽  
D.S. Lovgren
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Disease ◽  
Rapid Recovery ◽  
Experimental Allergic Neuritis ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
Lewis Rats ◽  
Experimental Allergic ◽  
Allergic Neuritis

Abstract:Experimental allergic neuritis (EAN) in Lewis rats was treated with prednisolone given prophylactically or therapeutically. Rats treated from the time of immunization with myelin or after the establishment of clinical disease improved more rapidly than controls. Treatment at the onset of clinical signs resulted in less severe disease and more rapid recovery. Rats treated just prior to the onset of clinical signs (day 10) did not develop significant clinical disease and appeared to have less inflammation in their nerves and nerve roots on microscopic examination.

scholarly journals Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor of the Liver: A Case Report

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Cambruzzi ◽  
Enilde Eloena Guerra ◽  
Hamilton Cardoso Hilgert ◽  
Herbert Jorge Schmitz ◽  
Vinícius Lopes Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Neuroectodermal Tumor ◽  
Solid Mass ◽  
Resected Liver ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Right Lobe ◽  
Upper Abdominal ◽  
The Right

Primary liver sarcomas represent a rare group of neoplasias, with angiosarcoma being the most common histological type. Primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) represents a high malignant neoplasia that usually affects the central nervous system and soft tissues. An 18-year-old male patient was admitted with clinical complains of pain in the right upper abdominal quadrant. The clinical evaluation revealed a solid mass in the right hepatic lobe. On the gross examination of the resected liver specimen, the right lobe of the liver was replaced by a yellow-red solid mass measuring 21 cm in its largest dimension. On the histopathology, a tumor composed of small round blue cells with little cytoplasm and round nuclei was identified. The lesion revealed positive immunoexpression for vimentin and CD99 and negative immunostaining for desmin, CD45, cytokeratin, and neuroblastoma protein, suggesting, then, the diagnosis of PNET. Although it is an unusual tumor, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of liver masses, especially in young patients.

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