scholarly journals Good, Bad and Very Bad Part-time Jobs for Women? Re-examining the Importance of Occupational Class for Job Quality since the ‘Great Recession’ in Britain

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 747-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracey Warren ◽  
Clare Lyonette
Keyword(s):  
Women Workers ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Job Quality ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Occupational Class ◽  
Advancement Opportunities ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Wage Rates ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Time Gap

Britain has long stood out in Europe for its extensive but poor-quality part-time labour market dominated by women workers, who are concentrated in lower-level jobs demanding few skills and low levels of education, offering weak wage rates and restricted advancement opportunities. This article explores trends in part-time job quality for women up to and beyond the recession of 2008/9, and asks whether post-recessionary job quality remains differentiated by occupational class. A pre-recessionary narrowing of the part-time/full-time gap in job quality appears to have been maintained for the women in higher-level part-time jobs, while part- and full-timers in lower-level jobs suffered the worst effects of the recession, signalling deepening occupational class inequalities among working women.

scholarly journals Measuring the availability of “good jobs” in the United States for working-class men during the Great Recession and recovery

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janette Dill ◽  
Robert Francis
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
Food Service ◽  
The United States ◽  
Job Quality ◽  
Full Time ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Predicted Probability ◽  
Time Work ◽  
The Impact

In this study, we use the 2004, 2008, and 2014 panels of the Survey for Income and Program Participation (SIPP) to measure the impact of the Great Recession and recovery on the availability of “good jobs” for men without a college degree. We define “good jobs” using a cluster of job quality measures, including wage thresholds of at least $15, $20, or $25 per hour, employer-based health insurance, full-time work hours, and protection from layoff. We find that the Great Recession and aftermath (2008-2015) resulted in a 1-10% reduced probability of being in a “good job” across most industries, with especially large losses in manufacturing, retail, transportation, and food service (compared to 2004-2007). In the 2014 panel, there is only a slight post-recession recovery in the predicted probability of being in a “good job,” and the probability of being in a “good job” remains well below 2004 levels. Although the probability of being on layoff from a “good jobs” does decrease substantially in the 2014 cohort as compared to the rate of layoff during the Great Recession, our clustered measure of job quality shows that access to “good jobs” remains limited for most working-class men and that the recovery from the Recession has largely not reached the working-class.

scholarly journals Flexibilidad del tiempo de trabajo en España:

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Julián Moral Carcedo ◽  
Fernando García Belenguer-Campos ◽  
Valentín Bote Álvarez-Carrasco
Keyword(s):  
Great Recession ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Spanish Economy ◽  
Hours Worked ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Part Time

In this paper we study how the part time employment and its determinants have evolved after the great recession started in 2008. As a consequence of the deepness of the recession, the Spanish economy has destroyed more than two million full time jobs. At the same time, the number of part-time jobs has slightly risen, but this evolution has not had a significant impact on the distribution of hours worked, which shows the lack of flexibility of our economy to deal with demand shortfalls by redistributing working time.

The New Realities of Working-Class Jobs: Employer Practices, Worker Protections, and Employee Voice to Improve Job Quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 695 (1) ◽  
pp. 208-224
Author(s):  
Julia R. Henly ◽  
Susan J. Lambert ◽  
Laura Dresser
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Job Quality ◽  
Employee Voice ◽  
Nonstandard Employment ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Policy Debates ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Employer Practices ◽  
The Voice

Over the last 40 years, changing employer practices have introduced instability and insecurity into working-class jobs, limiting the voice that employees have in their own employment and deteriorating overall job quality. In the decade after the Great Recession, slow but sustained economic growth benefitted workers in terms of generally higher employment and wages and reductions in involuntary part-time work. But we show that in that same period, other aspects of working-class jobs changed in ways that were less advantageous to workers. We examine recent, troubling trends in nonstandard employment, precarious scheduling practices, and employer labor violations, arguing that without the introduction of policies that rebalance terms of employment toward worker interests, an economic recovery alone is unlikely to reverse the overall trend toward reductions in job quality. We argue for federal-level policies that expand public insurance programs, establish minimum standards of job quality, and include avenues for collective employee voice in employment and public policy debates. Such strategies have potential to improve job quality.

“It’s the Economy, Stupid”

It's a Setup ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 21-55
Author(s):  
Timothy Black ◽  
Sky Keyes
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Economic Restructuring ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Family Needs ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Jobless Recovery ◽  
Full Time Employment

In this chapter, the authors describe the effects that neoliberal economic restructuring has had on the earning potential of men at the bottom of the labor force. Pushed into low-wage full-time employment that falls far short of meeting family needs or into part-time employment, or even out of the labor force, these men struggle to contribute as providers, and as fathers more generally. Financial stress in family relationships has become less episodic and more permanent, while marriage has ceased to be a viable institution in economically unstable social circumstances. The jobless recovery of the early part of the decade and the Great Recession at the end help us to see family vulnerability in a neoliberal context.

The Consequences of Underemployment for the Underemployed

2007 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Wilkins
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Wage Rates ◽  
Prevailing Wage ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Welfare Dependence ◽  
Full Time Employment

Underemployment is generally conceived as excess labour supply associated with employed persons — that is, as a situation where employed persons would like to work more hours at prevailing wage rates. Using information collected by the 2001 Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey, this study examines the effects of underemployment on outcomes such as income, welfare dependence and subjective well-being. Results obtained imply that, while unemployment clearly has greater adverse consequences, underemployment is nonetheless associated with significant detrimental effects on the outcomes examined. Negative effects are found for both part-time employed and full-time employed workers who would prefer to work more hours, but effects are greater for underemployed part-time workers, and are particularly large for part-time workers who would like to work full-time. Indeed, for part-time workers seeking full-time employment, adverse effects attributable to underemployment are, for some outcomes, not far short of those attributable to unemployment.

scholarly journals Return to work after first incidence of long-term sickness absence: A 10-year prospective follow-up study identifying labour-market trajectories using sequence analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksander Årnes Madsen
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Return To Work ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Occupational Class ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time

Aims: The study aim was to identify prototypical labour-market trajectories following a first incidence of long-term sickness absence (LTSA), and to assess whether baseline socio-demographic characteristics are associated with the return-to-work (RTW) process and labour-market attachment (LMA). Methods: This prospective study used Norwegian administrative registers with quarterly information on labour-market participation to follow all individuals born 1952–1978 who underwent a first LTSA during the first quarter of 2004 ( n =9607) over a 10-year period (2004–2013). Sequence analysis was used to identify prototypical labour-market trajectories and LMA; trajectory membership was examined with multinomial logistic regression. Results: Sequence analysis identified nine labour-market trajectories illustrating the complex RTW process, with multiple states and transitions. Among this sample, 68.2% had a successful return to full-time work, while the remaining trajectories consisted of part-time work, unemployment, recurrence of LTSA, rehabilitation and disability pension (DP). A higher odds ratio (OR) for membership to trajectories of weaker LMA was found for females and older participants, while being married/cohabitating, having children, working in the public sector, and having a higher education, income and occupational class were associated with a lower OR of recurrence, unemployment, rehabilitation and DP trajectories. These results are consistent with three LMA indicators. Conclusions: Sequence analysis revealed prototypical labour-market trajectories and provided a holistic overview of the heterogeneous RTW processes. While the most frequent outcome was successful RTW, several unfavourable labour-market trajectories were identified, with trajectory membership predicted by socio-demographic measures.

‘Full-time is a Given Here’: Part-time Versus Full-time Job Quality

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula McDonald ◽  
Lisa Bradley ◽  
Kerry Brown
Keyword(s):  
Job Quality ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Part Time

scholarly journals Benefits and risks of switching to distance learning in a pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 78-88
Author(s):  
Elena V. Frolova ◽  
◽  
Olga V. Rogach ◽  
Tatyana M. Ryabova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distance Learning ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Part Time

Introduction. The need to maintain social isolation in the spread of COVID-19 required educational organizations to implement accelerated measures to introduce distance learning. The purpose of this study is to assess the level of adaptation of students from Russian universities to new educational practices, the benefits and risks of distance learning in the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods. The study was conducted from May to early July 2020 in the form of a questionnaire survey of senior students of the full-time and part-time modes of study at the Russian State Social University (N=146; girls – 58.9%, boys – 41.1%). Results. The results of the study show the success of students’ adaptation to distance learning; most of the respondents did not experience any difficulties in organizing the educational process remotely. Students’ problems relate to a change in the format of interaction with a teacher, an increase in the teaching load, an insufficient level of material-and-technical equipment of the workplace. The results of the study showed that in the context of distance learning, the emphasis in the teacher’s work shifted onto the demonstration of videos (27.4%). Only 9.6% of the respondents indicated that the teacher used business games at lessons; 5.5% – virtual reality technologies; presentations were mentioned by 1.4% of the respondents. Lack of “live communication” with the teacher, poor quality of feedback with him/her, decreased motivation and interest in learning are the key limitations of distance learning effectiveness. Students’ interest in distance learning is determined by such parameters as the teacher’s charisma (79.5%), his/her ability to keep the listeners’ attention (57.5%), the level of use of digital innovative technologies (72.6%). Conclusions. According to the research results, the authors come to the conclusion that the compensators of the identified problems can be: the widespread use of information and communication technologies in the educational process, increasing the level of interactivity of the lessons, flexibility and an individual approach in organizing training, the teacher’s personal interest, support for student feedback.

scholarly journals Underemployment in the United States and Europe

ILR Review ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
David N. F. Bell ◽  
David G. Blanchflower
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
Home Ownership ◽  
The United States ◽  
Full Time ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Preferred Hours ◽  
Main Influence

The authors produce estimates for a new and better rate of underemployment for 25 countries using the European Labor Force Survey that is based on workers’ reports of their preferred hours at the going wage. Both voluntary and involuntary part-time workers report they want more hours. Full-time workers who say they want to change their hours, mostly say they want to reduce them. When the Great Recession hit, the number of hours of those who said they wanted more hours increased, and the number of hours of those who said they wanted fewer hours decreased. The percentage of workers in both categories remains elevated. The authors provide evidence for the United Kingdom and the United States as well as from an international sample that underemployment lowers pay in the years after the Great Recession, but the unemployment rate does not. They also find evidence for the United States that decreases in the home ownership rate have helped to keep wage pressure in check. Underemployment replaces unemployment as the main influence on wages in the years since the Great Recession.

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