Rail freight in 2035 – traction energy analysis for high-performance freight trains

This paper provides a comparison of the energy consumption and carbon emissions of rail and road vehicles for two routes. The scenarios considered are a high running speed container train, in locomotive hauled and electrical multiple unit (EMU) configuration, and a converted passenger EMU for pallets, as well as the corresponding road heavy goods vehicles. The container route is over the UK’s East Coast Main Line and the pallet route is from London to the border with Scotland. The well-to-wheel 2008 and projected 2035 energy figures and carbon emissions are determined. It is demonstrated that, despite higher running speeds, a modal shift to rail reduces carbon emissions. The higher speed results in a more flexible path allocation for freight trains, enabling more attractive and flexible offers to shippers, therefore encouraging modal shift. The particular advantage of rail in hauling large volumes of cargo is highlighted, particularly if locomotives are used for traction.

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The Impact of the Freight Transport Modal Shift Policy on China’s Carbon Emissions Reduction

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12020583 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 583 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shuling Chen ◽

Jianhong Wu ◽

Yueqi Zong

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Carbon Emissions ◽

Road Transport ◽

Negative Influence ◽

Freight Transport ◽

Market Mechanism ◽

Transport Sector ◽

Modal Shift ◽

Positive Role ◽

The Impact

How to reduce the negative transport externalities, especially its carbon emissions, without having significant negative influence on economic and social development is the key for sustainable development in China. This paper explores the impacts of China’s recent modal shift policy on carbon emissions, summaries experience from China, and points out future development directions. The paper first compares the different energy consumption and carbon emissions between the road freight transport and the railways in China, and then has a scenarios analysis on China’s energy consumption and carbon emissions of the transport sector in 2025. The latest progress and major problems of modal shift policy in China are presented, and a methodology to address this problem is also proposed. Based on the methodology, we compare the benefits and costs brought by modal shift policy in the case of Ordos, Inner Mongolia. Based on the results, principles and suggestions on how to design and implement more efficient modal shift policy are proposed. We find that road transport is the most polluting mode among various modes of transport, and the railway transport has the least carbon emissions. Furthermore, the modal shift policy plays a positive role in carbon emissions, but the costs caused by the policy are higher than the benefits at some circumstances. Moreover, to achieve the sustainable modal shift policy by relying on the feasible market mechanism, together with scientific and effective regulation, instead of “one size for all” administrative policy, are likely the way forward.

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Fuel cell road vehicles. Energy consumption measurement. Vehicles fuelled with compressed hydrogen

10.3403/30143805u ◽

2015 ◽

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Fuel Cell ◽

Road Vehicles

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Road vehicles. Round, sheathed, 60 V and 600 V screened and unscreened single- or multi-core cables. Test methods and requirements for basic- and high-performance cables

10.3403/30196614 ◽

2011 ◽

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Test Methods ◽

Road Vehicles

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Profile-Guided Optimization of System Energy Consumption for High-Performance Operational Applications

Journal of Software ◽

10.3724/sp.j.1001.2013.04363 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 24 (8) ◽

pp. 1761-1774

Author(s):

Hui-Zhan YI ◽

Zhao-Cheng LUO

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

High Performance ◽

System Energy

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Analysing Nexus between Economic Growth, GHG Emissions, and Energy Consumption for India

Journal of Resources Energy and Development ◽

10.3233/red-170101 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Asim Hasan ◽

Rahil Akhtar Usmani

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Carbon Emissions ◽

Series Data ◽

Gas Emissions ◽

Current Time ◽

Causal Influence ◽

Integration Test

Rising greenhouse gas emissions is an important issue of the current time. India’s massive greenhouse gas emissions is ranked third globally. The escalating energy demand in the country has opened the gateway for further increase in emissions. Recent studies suggest strong nexus between energy consumption, economic growth, and carbon emissions. This study has the objective to empirically test the aforementioned interdependencies. The co-integration test and multivariate vector error correction model (VECM) are used for the analysis and the Granger Causality test is used to establish the direction of causality. The time-series data for the period of 1971–2011 is used for the analysis. The results of the study confirm strong co-integration between variables. The causality results show that economic growth exerts a causal influence on carbon emissions, energy consumption exerts a causal influence on economic growth, and carbon emissions exert a causal influence on economic growth. Based on the results, the study suggests a policy that focuses on energy conservation and gradual replacement of fossil fuels with renewable energy sources, which would be beneficial for the environment and the society.

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Examining the Driving Factors of the Direct Carbon Emissions of Households in the Ebinur Lake Basin Using the Extended STIRPAT Model

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13031339 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 1339

Author(s):

Ziyuan Chai ◽

Zibibula Simayi ◽

Zhihan Yang ◽

Shengtian Yang

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Carbon Emissions ◽

Carbon Emission ◽

Driving Factors ◽

Series Data ◽

Lake Basin ◽

Stirpat Model ◽

Consumption Structure ◽

Ebinur Lake ◽

Ebinur Lake Basin

In order to achieve the carbon emission reduction targets in Xinjiang, it has become a necessary condition to study the carbon emission of households in small and medium-sized cities in Xinjiang. This paper studies the direct carbon emissions of households (DCEH) in the Ebinur Lake Basin, and based on the extended STIRPAT model, using the 1987–2017 annual time series data of the Ebinur Lake Basin in Xinjiang to analyze the driving factors. The results indicate that DCEH in the Ebinur Lake Basin during the 31 years from 1987 to 2017 has generally increased and the energy structure of DCEH has undergone tremendous changes. The proportion of coal continues to decline, while the proportion of natural gas, gasoline and diesel is growing rapidly. The main positive driving factors affecting its carbon emissions are urbanization, vehicle ownership and GDP per capita, while the secondary driving factor is residents’ year-end savings. Population, carbon intensity and energy consumption structure have negative effects on carbon emissions, of which energy consumption structure is the main factor. In addition, there is an environmental Kuznets curve between DCEH and economic development, but it has not yet reached the inflection point.

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The Urbanisation Impacts on the Policy Effects of the Carbon Tax in China

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13126749 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 6749

Author(s):

Shuyang Chen

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Carbon Emissions ◽

Computable General Equilibrium ◽

Carbon Tax ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Evaluation Framework ◽

Socioeconomic Impacts ◽

Policy Effects ◽

Distributed Lag

In the literature, very few studies have focused on how urbanisation will influence the policy effects of a climate policy even though urbanisation does have profound socioeconomic impacts. This paper has explored the interrelations among the urbanisation, carbon emissions, GDP, and energy consumption in China using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. Then, the unit urbanisation impacts are inputted into the policy evaluation framework of the Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model in 2015–2030. The results show that the urbanisation had a positive impact on the GDP but a negative impact on the carbon emissions in 1980–2014. These impacts were statistically significant, but its impact on the energy consumption was not statistically significant. In 2015–2030, the urbanisation will have negative impacts on the carbon emissions and intensity. It will decrease the GDP and the household welfare under the carbon tax. The urbanisation will increase the average social cost of carbon (ASCC). Hence, the urbanisation will reinforce the policy effects of the carbon tax on the emissions and welfare.

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Modeling the nexus between carbon emissions, energy consumption, and economic progress in Pakistan: Evidence from cointegration and causality analysis

Energy Reports ◽

10.1016/j.egyr.2021.07.020 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 4642-4658

Author(s):

Samina Aftab ◽

Aftab Ahmed ◽

Abbas Ali Chandio ◽

Bright Asiamah Korankye ◽

Aamir Ali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Carbon Emissions ◽

Causality Analysis ◽

Economic Progress

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Economic Development, CO2 Emissions and Energy Use Nexus-Evidence from the Danube Region Countries

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14113165 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (11) ◽

pp. 3165

Author(s):

Eva Litavcová ◽

Jana Chovancová

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Carbon Emissions ◽

Bounds Testing ◽

Mutual Cooperation ◽

Long Run ◽

Short Run ◽

Danube Region ◽

The Impact

The aim of this study is to examine the empirical cointegration, long-run and short-run dynamics and causal relationships between carbon emissions, energy consumption and economic growth in 14 Danube region countries over the period of 1990–2019. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing methodology was applied for each of the examined variables as a dependent variable. Limited by the length of the time series, we excluded two countries from the analysis and obtained valid results for the others for 26 of 36 ARDL models. The ARDL bounds reliably confirmed long-run cointegration between carbon emissions, energy consumption and economic growth in Austria, Czechia, Slovakia, and Slovenia. Economic growth and energy consumption have a significant impact on carbon emissions in the long-run in all of these four countries; in the short-run, the impact of economic growth is significant in Austria. Likewise, when examining cointegration between energy consumption, carbon emissions, and economic growth in the short-run, a significant contribution of CO2 emissions on energy consumptions for seven countries was found as a result of nine valid models. The results contribute to the information base essential for making responsible and informed decisions by policymakers and other stakeholders in individual countries. Moreover, they can serve as a platform for mutual cooperation and cohesion among countries in this region.

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