Optimal cruise performance of a conventional helicopter

2021 ◽  
pp. 095441002110240
Author(s):  
Giulio Avanzini ◽  
Emanuele Luigi de Angelis ◽  
Fabrizio Giulietti
Keyword(s):  
Closed Form ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Accurate Estimate ◽  
System Parameters ◽  
Power Battery ◽  
Physical Insight ◽  
Battery Discharge ◽  
Cruise Flight

This article presents an analytical framework for investigating the cruise performance of conventional helicopter configurations. Starting from the analysis of power required in straight-and-level flight, endurance and range performance of turbine- and battery-powered rotorcraft are considered, for which it is assumed that fuel consumption and constant-power battery discharge models are, respectively, made available. The original contributions of the article are represented by (a) a closed-form formulation for expected endurance and range for both classes of vehicles, where electrical helicopters have not been dealt with in previous studies and (b) the analytical derivation of an accurate estimate for best endurance and best range airspeeds as a function of relevant system parameters. The approach is validated by analyzing two reference helicopters, showing good physical insight and better accuracy with respect to other techniques available in the literature, for the identification of an energy-efficient cruise flight strategy.

scholarly journals Energy Efficient Composite Metric Based Routing Protocol for Internet of Things

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1366-1381
Author(s):  
Sathishkumar Natesan ◽  
Rajakumar Krishnan
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Link Quality ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Lossy Networks ◽  
Hop Count ◽  
Battery Discharge

The Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) is operated by gadgets comprised of many devices of embedded type with limited energy, memory as well as resources that do their process. The improvements in the life of the network and energy conservation are the key challenging features in Low Power and Lossy Networks (LLN). Obviously, the LLN has a key strategic part in routing. The Internet of Things (IoT) device is expected to make the apt choice. In LLN, the poor routing choice leads to traffic congestion, reduction in power as well as packet loss ratio. The task in the proposal analyzes Delay (D), Load (L) and Battery Discharge Index (BDI) pivoted Energy Efficient Composite Metric Routing (EECMR) protocol for LLN. The performance of the work in the proposal is evaluated by the COOJA simulator. It outperforms with respect to Network Lifetime (NL), Delay as well as Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) contrasted to the routing metrics like Traffic Load (TL), Link Quality (LQ), Residual Energy (RE), RE-Battery Discharge Index (RE-BDI) and Hop Count (HC).

scholarly journals Increasing accuracy and repeatability of fuel consumption measurement in chassis dynamometer testing

2009 ◽  
Vol 223 (9) ◽  
pp. 1163-1177 ◽  
Author(s):  
C J Brace ◽  
R Burke ◽  
J Moffa
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Standard Condition ◽  
Chassis Dynamometer ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Drive Cycle ◽  
Engine Cooling ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Battery Discharge ◽  
Accuracy And Repeatability

The aim of this paper is to identify and investigate the effect of small changes in test conditions when quantifying fuel consumption. Twelve test set-up variables were identified and intentionally perturbed from a standard condition, including the effect of removing the power-assisted steering pump. Initially a design-of-experiments (DoE) approach was adopted and the results showed that most of the tested parameters had significant effects on fuel consumption. Most of these effects were greater than the effect of typical technology changes assessed on chassis dynamometer facilities. For example, an increase of 8.7 per cent in fuel consumption was observed following a 90min battery discharge from vehicle headlamps. Similarly an increase of 5.5 per cent was observed when the rig was run 3km/h faster over a drive cycle, and 2.6 per cent when using tyres deflated by 0.5 bar. As a consequence, statistical tolerancing was used to suggest typical tolerances for test rig set-up variables. For example it was recommended that the tyre pressure be controlled to within 0.1 bar and the test rig speed to 0.3km/h. Further investigations were conducted into the effect of battery discharge, coast-down time, and engine cooling. These highlighted the need for rigorous battery charge management as the battery voltage was found not to be an appropriate measure of the variation in the alternator loading. Coast-down time was found to be a good control measure for a number of set-up variables affecting the rolling resistance of the vehicle. Finally the variations in the engine cooling were quantified using a cumulative engine temperature over a drive cycle. This was found to correlate well with fuel consumption. For each of these subsequent investigations, results were compared with the DoE predictions and found to agree well when considering the relatively low number of tests compared with the number of factors.

Information Fusion for State Estimation of Power Battery in Electric Vehicle Based on Unscented Kalman Filter

2013 ◽  
Vol 303-306 ◽  
pp. 975-978
Author(s):  
Hong Yu Zheng ◽  
Chang Fu Zong
Keyword(s):  
Kalman Filter ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Information Fusion ◽  
Unscented Kalman Filter ◽  
Accurate Estimate ◽  
Fusion Algorithm ◽  
Power Battery ◽  
Battery State Of Charge ◽  
New Generation

The power battery state of charge (SOC) in electric vehicles is not easy to measure accurately or apply a sensor but the expense is increased. However the variable of SOC is great importance to control of electric vehicles. A power battery model is built by the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles (PNGV) model to estimate the state of SOC. In order to make a high accurate estimate for SOC value, an information fusion algorithm based on unscented kalman filter (UKF) is introduced to design an observer. The test results show that the observer based information fusion and UKF are effective and accuracy, so it is may apply it the electric vehicle control and observation.

On the Optimization of Ship Motion in Heavy Ice Conditions

1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-182
Author(s):  
A. M. Nawwar
Keyword(s):  
General Solution ◽  
Closed Form ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Ship Motion ◽  
Ship Motions ◽  
Transition Speed ◽  
Mode Of Operation ◽  
Ice Conditions ◽  
Ship Performance ◽  
Operational Tactics

For a given ship, its speed in ice decreases as ice conditions become more severe until it can no longer move continuously. The transition speed concept provides a valid cut-off point below which a ship has to switch to the discontinuous or ramming mode of operation. Solutions for the continuous and ramming mode ship motions and an analysis of a typical ramming cycle are presented. A general solution valid for all stages of ramming is given. It provides a closed form equation which can be used both to study the influence of ship characteristics and operational tactics upon ship performance and to optimize ship motion in heavy ice conditions decreasing fuel consumption and transit time.

scholarly journals A CLOSED-FORM SOLUTION FOR A QUEUEING MODEL OF ENERGY EFFICIENT ETHERNET LINKS

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-464
Author(s):  
Đỗ Văn Tiến ◽  
Csaba Rotter
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Closed Form ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Closed Form Solution ◽  
Compound Poisson Process ◽  
Form Solution ◽  
Queueing Model ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Save Energy

To save energy consumption of Ethernet switches, IEEE has standardized a new energy-efficient operation for Ethernet links with a low-power state and transition mechanisms between the high-power state for transporting traffic and the low-power state.In this paper, we propose a queueing model with the Markov Modulated Compound Poisson Process that is able to characterize backbone packet traffic. We derive a closed-form solution for the stationary distribution of the proposed queueing model. We show that our model can capture an entire system where the transition times are constant.

Saving Energy With Brick, Refractory, Insulation and Lagging

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary J. Bases
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Energy Industry ◽  
Saving Energy ◽  
Plant Operation ◽  
Save Energy

For the refuse-to-energy industry, “Saving Energy with Brick, Refractory, Insulation and Lagging (BRIL)” is as simply as understanding it’s refuse boiler. A refuse-fired boiler has many components to make it do what it is supposed to do. BRIL is a key component of the boiler just as important as the tubes that carry the water &/or steam, the soot blowers that keep the unit free of fly ash or dust, the burners that burn the fuel efficiently, the economizers that recover heat and pre-heat the water, and many more such systems found on, in and around the boiler. They all help keep the boiler operating thermally and energy efficient. Proper BRIL material selection and installation can have an energy savings of 5–7% per year in fuel consumption. That is why experts say, “brick, refractory, insulation, and lagging (BRIL) installed to save energy, saves money at a rate that is essential for efficient plant operation.”

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