scholarly journals Quantitative mechanical assessment of the whole prostate gland ex vivo using dynamic instrumented palpation

2017 ◽  
Vol 231 (12) ◽  
pp. 1081-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J Hammer ◽  
Daniel W Good ◽  
Paul Scanlan ◽  
Javier Palacio-Torralba ◽  
Simon Phipps ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Dynamic Modulus ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Multiple Point ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Static Modulus

An instrumented palpation sensor, designed for measuring the dynamic modulus of tissue in vivo, has been developed and trialled on ex vivo whole prostate glands. The sensor consists of a flexible membrane sensor/actuator with an embedded strain gauge and is actuated using a dynamically varying airflow at frequencies of 1 and 5 Hz. The device was calibrated using an indentation stiffness measurement rig and gelatine samples with a range of static modulus similar to that reported in the literature for prostate tissue. The glands were removed from patients with diagnosed prostate cancer scheduled for radical prostatectomy, and the stiffness was measured within 30 min of surgical removal. Each prostate was later examined histologically in a column immediately below each indentation point and graded into one of the four groups; normal, benign prostatic hyperplasia, cancerous and mixed cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia. In total, 11 prostates were assessed using multiple point probing, and the complex modulus at 1 and 5 Hz was calculated on a point-by-point basis. The device yielded values of quasi-static modulus of 15 ± 0.5 kPa and dynamic modulus of 20 ± 0.5 kPa for whole prostates, and a sensitivity of up to 80% with slightly lower specificity was achieved on diagnosis of prostate cancer using a combination of mechanical measures. This assessment did not take into account some obvious factors such as edge effects, overlap and clinical significance of the cancer, all of which would improve performance. The device, as currently configured, is immediately deployable in vivo. A number of improvements are also identified which could improve the sensitivity and specificity in future embodiments of the probe.

In Vivo Quantification of Water Diffusion, Stiffness, and Tissue Fluidity in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Prostate Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Asbach ◽  
Sa-Ra Ro ◽  
Nader Aldoj ◽  
Joachim Snellings ◽  
Rolf Reiter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Water Diffusion ◽  
Prostatic Hyperplasia

Citrate as an in vivo marker to discriminate prostate cancer from benign prostatic hyperplasia and normal prostate peripheral zone: Detection via localized proton spectroscopy

Urology ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Kurhanewicz ◽  
Daniel B. Vigneron ◽  
Sarah J. Nelson ◽  
Hedvig Hricak ◽  
Jeffrey M. MacDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Peripheral Zone ◽  
Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Proton Spectroscopy ◽  
Normal Prostate

scholarly journals Pomegranate Extracts in the Management of Men's Urologic Health: Scientific Rationale and Preclinical and Clinical Data

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kroeger N. ◽  
Belldegrun A. S. ◽  
Pantuck A. J.
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Urological Diseases ◽  
Scientific Rationale

Multiple strands of research provide growing evidence that diet, nutrition, and life style play a role in the development and the course of urological diseases. Numerous micronutrients and polyphenols found in soy, green tea, and many fruits and vegetables have been described to impact diseases including erectile dysfunction, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and prostate cancer. However, oftentimes these reports lack both a scientific rationale and supportive evidence base. The efficacy of pomegranate, on the other hand, in the modulation of central biological processes like inflammation, hypoxia, and oxidative stress that are important in the pathogenesis of urological maladies has been robustly demonstrated in preclinicalin vitroandin vivostudies. Moreover, clinical trials have further supported its use in the treatment of several diseases, in particular in the management of prostate cancer. Herein, we critically review the scientific knowledge about the current role and future prospects for the use of pomegranate extracts in the therapy of erectile dysfunction, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and prostate cancer.

scholarly journals An introduction to genetic and epigenetic changes in prostate gland – implications in efficacy of phytotherapy of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-103
Author(s):  
Joanna Bartkowiak-Wieczorek ◽  
Radosław Kujawski ◽  
Anna Bogacz ◽  
Marcin Ożarowski
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Epigenetic Modifications ◽  
Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Prostate Diseases ◽  
Pharmacologically Active

The usage of classical pharmacological treatment of prostate diseases causes the risk of a number of side effects therefore the researchers are looking for new pharmacologically active molecules, including those contained in the plant extracts. The most widely studied is the lipido-sterolic extract from Serenoa repens (saw palmetto), water extract from Camellia sinensis (green tea) and several cruciferous vegetables. The molecular mechanisms underlying of the development and the progression of prostate disorders, especially benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PC), remain still poorly understood. The development of pathologically changed prostate cells proliferation involves many factors, including genetic alterations, such as mutations, and epigenetic changes, appear to contribute to the transformation and progression of prostate cancer. In this paper we suggest that the knowledge of epigenetic modifications presented in this paper introduces the new point of view concerning the possibility of action of plant substances used in prevention and symptomatic treatment of BPH and prostate cancer. Thus, identification of the epigenetic modifications involved on the one hand in the development and progression of BPH / PC, on the other influencing the efficacy and safety of potential phytotherapeutics will be helpful in identifying its novel therapeutic strategy.

Biomarkers of prostate cancer and potential for using ace produced in prostate gland for diagnosis of prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia

Urologiia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2_2019 ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
A.A. Kamalov Kamalov ◽  
L.M. Samokhodskaya Samokhodskaya ◽  
V.K. Karpov Karpov ◽  
D.A. Okhobotov Okhobotov ◽  
V.N. Mamedov Mamedov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Prostatic Hyperplasia

scholarly journals Modern imaging and image-guided treatments of the prostate gland: MR and ablation for cancer and prostatic artery embolization for benign prostatic hyperplasia

BJR|Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20190019 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Lopes Dias ◽  
Tiago Bilhim
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Active Surveillance ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Artery Embolization ◽  
Prostatic Artery Embolization ◽  
Image Guided ◽  
Prostatic Artery

Multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) has proven to be an essential tool for diagnosis, post-treatment follow-up, aggressiveness assessment, and active surveillance of prostate cancer. Currently, this imaging technique is part of the daily practice in many oncological centres. This manuscript aims to review the use of mpMRI in the set of prostatic diseases, either malignant or benign: mpMRI to detect and stage prostate cancer is discussed, as well as its use for active surveillance. Image-guided ablation techniques for prostate cancer are also reviewed. The need to establish minimum acceptable technical parameters for prostate mpMRI, standardize reports, uniform terminology for describing imaging findings, and develop assessment categories that differentiate levels of suspicion for clinically significant prostate cancer led to the development of the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System that is reviewed. Special focus will also be given on the most up-to-date evidence of prostatic artery embolization (PAE) for symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Management of patients with BPH, technical aspects of PAE, expected outcomes and level of evidence are reviewed with the most recent literature. PAE is a challenging technique that requires dedicated anatomical knowledge and comprehensive embolization skills. PAE has been shown to be an effective minimally-invasive treatment option for symptomatic BPH patients, that can be viewed between medical therapy and surgery. PAE may be a good option for symptomatic BPH patients that do not want to be operated and can obviate the need for prostatic surgery in up to 80% of treated patients.

scholarly journals Heat Shock Proteins in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Prostate Cancer

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 897
Author(s):  
Weronika Ratajczak ◽  
Michał Lubkowski ◽  
Anna Lubkowska
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Proteins ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Aging Men ◽  
Prostate Diseases ◽  
Shock Proteins

Two out of three diseases of the prostate gland affect aging men worldwide. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a noncancerous enlargement affecting millions of men. Prostate cancer (PCa) in turn is the second leading cause of cancer death. The factors influencing the occurrence of BPH and PCa are different; however, in the course of these two diseases, the overexpression of heat shock proteins is observed. Heat shock proteins (HSPs), chaperone proteins, are known to be one of the main proteins playing a role in maintaining cell homeostasis. HSPs take part in the process of the proper folding of newly formed proteins, and participate in the renaturation of damaged proteins. In addition, they are involved in the transport of specific proteins to the appropriate cell organelles and directing damaged proteins to proteasomes or lysosomes. Their function is to protect the proteins against degradation factors that are produced during cellular stress. HSPs are also involved in modulating the immune response and the process of apoptosis. One well-known factor affecting HSPs is the androgen receptor (AR)—a main player involved in the development of BPH and the progression of prostate cancer. HSPs play a cytoprotective role and determine the survival of cancer cells. These chaperones are often upregulated in malignancies and play an indispensable role in tumor progression. Therefore, HSPs are considered as one of the therapeutic targets in anti-cancer therapies. In this review article, we discuss the role of different HSPs in prostate diseases, and their potential as therapeutic targets.

468: Polymorphic CA Repeats in IGF-I Gene is a Common Genetic Modifier in the Etiology of Prostate Cancer and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

2004 ◽  
Vol 171 (4S) ◽  
pp. 125-125
Author(s):  
Lizhong Wang ◽  
Kazunari Sato ◽  
Norihiko Tsuchiya ◽  
Chikara Ohyama ◽  
Shigeru Satoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Genetic Modifier ◽  
Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Igf I ◽  
I Gene
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