Mechanical and thermal damage in cortical bone drilling in vivo

2019 ◽  
Vol 233 (6) ◽  
pp. 621-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Linlin Xu ◽  
Chengyong Wang ◽  
Zhihua Chen ◽  
Shuai Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Damage ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Haversian Canal ◽  
Drill Bit ◽  
Bone Drilling ◽  
Drilling Force ◽  
Drilling Parameters ◽  
Bone Damage ◽  
Empty Lacuna

Recently, the failure rate of fracture fixation to fractured bone has increased. Mechanical and thermal damage to the bone, which influences the contact area and cell growth between the bone and the screw, is the primary reason for fixation failure. However, research has mainly focused on force and temperature in bone drilling. In this study, the characteristics of hole edges, microcracks, empty lacunae, and osteon necrosis were investigated as viewed in the transverse and longitudinal sections after drilling. Drilling force and temperature were also recorded for comparing the relationship with mechanical and thermal damage. Experiments were conducted in vivo using five different drill geometries under the same drilling parameters. Characteristics of the hole wall were detected using computed tomography. Microcracks and necrosis were analyzed using the pathological sectioning method. The maximum microcrack was approximately 3000 and 1400 μm in the transverse section and longitudinal section, respectively, which were much larger than those observed in previous studies. Empty lacuna and osteon necrosis, starting from the Haversian canal, were also found. The drill bit geometry, chisel edge, flute number, edges, and steps had a strong effect on bone damage, particularly the chisel edge. The standard and classic surgical drill caused the greatest surface damage and necrosis of the five drill bit geometries studied. The microstructural features including osteons and matrix played an important role in numbers and length of microcracks and necrosis. More microcracks were generated in the transverse direction, while a greater length of the empty lacuna was generated in the longitudinal direction under the same drilling parameters. Microcracks mainly propagated in a straight manner in and parallel to the interstitial bone matrix and cement line. Drilling forces were not directly correlated with bone damage; thus, hole performance should be considered to evaluate the superiority and inferiority of drill bits rather than the drill force alone.

scholarly journals Thermal damage of osteocytes during pig bone drilling: an in vivo comparative study of currently available and modified drills

2019 ◽  
Vol 139 (11) ◽  
pp. 1599-1605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruhisa Kanaya ◽  
Makoto Enokida ◽  
Kazutake Uehara ◽  
Masaru Ueki ◽  
Hideki Nagashima
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Thermal Damage ◽  
Bone Drilling

Automatic Bone Drilling in Orthopedic Surgery - Overcoming of the Drill Bit Bending at the Second Cortex

2014 ◽  
Vol 664 ◽  
pp. 419-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Boiadjiev ◽  
Kamen Delchev ◽  
Tony Boiadjiev ◽  
Kazimir Zagurski ◽  
Rumen Kastelov
Keyword(s):  
Orthopedic Surgery ◽  
Force Control ◽  
Thrust Force ◽  
Screw Fixation ◽  
Drill Bit ◽  
Bone Surface ◽  
Active Force ◽  
Bone Drilling ◽  
Bone Damage ◽  
Specific Shape

This paper discusses a problem appeared by drill bit bending during bone drilling in the orthopedic surgery, where precision is needed for screws to be implanted. The bone surface has a specific shape and the drill bit may slip a little along the bone before the process start, when a large thrust force is applied by hand-drilling. That could be seen and correct by the surgeon. But he can’t see inside – where the second cortex drilling starts. The drill bit bending leads to the worse screw fixation and even to the bone damage – if the drill bit stays off broken inside. To solve this problem an active force control is made by robot application. Experiments and results are presented.

scholarly journals Evaluation of potential tissue heating during percutaneous drill-assisted bone sampling in an in vivo porcine study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan M. Niehues ◽  
Sefer Elezkurtaj ◽  
Keno K. Bresssem ◽  
Bernd Hamm ◽  
Christoph Erxleben ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Damage ◽  
Critical Threshold ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Bone Lesions ◽  
Bone Drilling ◽  
Tissue Quality ◽  
Tissue Heating ◽  
Bone Biopsies ◽  
Median Change

Abstract Background Minimally invasive, battery-powered drilling systems have become the preferred tool for obtaining representative samples from bone lesions. However, the heat generated during battery-powered bone drilling for bone biopsies has not yet been sufficiently investigated. Thermal necrosis can occur if the bone temperature exceeds a critical threshold for a certain period of time. Purpose To investigate heat production as a function of femur temperature during and after battery-powered percutaneous bone drilling in a porcine in vivo model. Methods We performed 16 femur drillings in 13 domestic pigs with an average age of 22 weeks and an average body temperature of 39.7 °C, using a battery-powered drilling system and an intraosseous temperature monitoring device. The standardized duration of the drilling procedure was 20 s. The bone core specimens obtained were embedded in 4% formalin, stained with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and sent for pathological analysis of tissue quality and signs of thermal damage. Results No significant changes in the pigs’ local temperature were observed after bone drilling with a battery-powered drill device. Across all measurements, the median change in temperature between the initial measurement and the temperature measured after drilling (at 20 s) was 0.1 °C. Histological examination of the bone core specimens revealed no signs of mechanical or thermal damage. Conclusion Overall, this preliminary study shows that battery-powered, drill-assisted harvesting of bone core specimens does not appear to cause mechanical or thermal damage.

scholarly journals Drilling of bone: A robust automatic method for the detection of drill bit break-through

1998 ◽  
Vol 212 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
F R Ong ◽  
K Bouazza-Marouf
Keyword(s):  
Kalman Filter ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Drill Bit ◽  
Bone Drilling ◽  
Drilling Force ◽  
Robust Detection ◽  
Modified Kalman Filter ◽  
Drilling System ◽  
Force Difference

The aim of this investigation is to devise a robust detection method for drill bit breakthrough when drilling into long bones using an automated drilling system that is associated with mechatronic assisted surgery. This investigation looks into the effects of system compliance and inherent drilling force fluctuation on the profiles of drilling force, drilling force difference between successive samples and drill bit rotational speed. It is shown that these effects have significant influences on the bone drilling related profiles and thus on the detection of drill bit break-through. A robust method, based on a Kalman filter, has been proposed. Using a modified Kalman filter, it is possible to convert the profiles of drilling force difference between successive samples and/or the drill bit rotational speed into easily recognizable and more consistent profiles, allowing a robust and repeatable detection of drill bit break-through.

scholarly journals Investigation of Drill Bit Temperature during Automatic Bone Drilling

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-250
Author(s):  
Abdalla Abbas Said Abbas ◽  
Khaled Abou-El-Hossein
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Drill Bit ◽  
Bone Drilling ◽  
Critical Problem ◽  
Drilling Depth ◽  
Allowable Limit ◽  
Drilling Parameters ◽  
Drilling Operations ◽  
Cow Bone ◽  
Surgical Operations

Bone drilling operations are carried out in hospitals in different surgical operations worldwide (e.g. orthopedic surgeries and fixing bone breakages). It is considered one of the most sensitive processes in biomedical engineering field. During drilling, the most critical problem is the rise in the temperature of the bone above the allowable limit. A Study showed that the allowable limit that must not be exceeded is 50oC. Moreover, if this limit is exceeded, the bone may sustain serious damage, namely, thermal necrosis (cell death in bone tissue). The research in this paper focuses on reducing the temperature rise during bone drilling. A study was conducted to observe the effect of the drill rotational speed, feed rate and drilling depth on the drill bit temperature during drilling of goat and cow bone. Experimental methods were engaged to optimise the drilling parameters in order to achieve an accepted level of drill bit temperature.

An Experimental Investigation of Forces on Cortical Bone in Deep-Hole Bone Drilling

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
JuEun Lee ◽  
Serena Y. Chu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Damage ◽  
Thrust Force ◽  
Chip Morphology ◽  
Drill Bit ◽  
Twist Drill ◽  
Deep Hole ◽  
Bone Drilling ◽  
Drilling Depth ◽  
Abnormal State ◽  
Different Depths

Abstract Deep-hole bone drilling is critical in many surgical implantation procedures. Unlike most common bone-drilling processes, deep-hole bone drilling is performed using a high drilling depth to drill-bit diameter ratio, which can lead to undesirable mechanical and thermal damage during surgical procedures. The objective of this study was to investigate the thrust force and torque generated in deep-hole bone drilling. Drilling tests were performed on bovine cortical bones at a drilling hole depth of 36 mm using a 2.5 mm diameter twist drill bit with a spindle speed of 3000 rpm and feed rates of 0.05, 0.075, and 0.1 mm/rev. Bone chips were collected at different depths and examined using a fiber-optic microscope. Not only are drilling forces a good indicator to assess drilling performances but also chip formation and morphology are important aspects for understanding bone-drilling behaviors. The force signals revealed two distinct states, which were referred to as normal and abnormal states in this study. In the normal state, the force signals remained constant once the drill tip became fully engaged in bone cutting, whereas after a certain drilling depth, the forces considerably increased in the abnormal state. The results of this study indicate that the rapid increase in the force in the abnormal state is mainly attributed to chip clogging inside the flutes as the drilling depth increases. This study also demonstrated that the chip morphology varies with respect to drilling depth, where fragmented chips are produced at shallow drilling depths and powdery chips are produced at deeper drilling depths.

Comparison of Thrust Force in Ultrasonic Assisted Drilling and Conventional Drilling of Aluminum Alloy

2016 ◽  
Vol 861 ◽  
pp. 38-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Feng Li ◽  
Zhi Gang Dong ◽  
Ren Ke Kang ◽  
Yi Dan Wang ◽  
Jin Ting Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Vibration Amplitude ◽  
Complex Shape ◽  
Thrust Force ◽  
Drill Bit ◽  
Twist Drill ◽  
Drilling Force ◽  
Drilling Parameters ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted ◽  
Conventional Drilling

The origin of drilling force in drilling with twist drill is quite complicated owning to the complex shape of the drill bit cutting edges. In this paper, the drilling experiments both with and without the ultrasonic were designed and conducted on aluminum alloy with pre-drilled hole. The drilling force was tested and the different effects between the cutting edges of the twist drill on the drilling force were analyzed under various drilling parameters including the spindle speed, feed rate and vibration amplitude. The drilling force of conventional drilling (CD) and ultrasonic assisted drilling (UAD) was characterized and the roles of the ultrasonic vibration in drilling were discussed.

Analysis of Heat Transfer in Bone Drilling

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
JuEun Lee ◽  
O. Burak Ozdoganlar ◽  
Yoed Rabin
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Temperature Field ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Thermal Damage ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Bone Drilling ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Drilling Parameters

Bone drilling is widely used to mount screws for anchoring plates and attaching exoskeleton devices to assist healing of bone fractures. The heat generated during drilling can cause significant thermal damage to the bone tissue. Hence, prediction of the developing temperature field as a function of the drilling parameters is of an important clinical value.

Modeling and Measurement of Temperature Distributions in Bone Drilling

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
JuEun Lee ◽  
Burak Ozdoganlar ◽  
Yoed Rabin
Keyword(s):  
Drilling Process ◽  
Drill Bit ◽  
Bone Drilling ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Theoretical Simulation ◽  
Temperature Distributions ◽  
Drilling Parameters ◽  
Maximum Temperatures ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Accuracy And Repeatability

The heat generated during bone drilling can cause significant thermal damage to the tissue. Hence, prediction of the developing temperature field as a function of the drilling parameters is of high clinical value. However, no experimentally validated model has been reported yet. Furthermore, prior theoretical studies are limited to the drilling process, while extending the analysis beyond drill-bit retraction may be of equal interest. Therefore, the current study aims at experimental validation of a recently published thermal model for temperature distributions both during bone drilling, which is now expanded beyond drill-bit retraction. For validation of the model, a set of experiments was conducted on bovine cortical bone, following the new procedures suggested in the previous study in order to ensure a high degree of accuracy and repeatability. This study is based on thermal data collected at a distance range of 0.15 mm to 0.5 mm from the drilled hole, using thermocouples. Measuring temperatures closer to the drilled hole enabled better understanding of temperature distributions in the tissue in bone drilling. Comparison of experimental data and theoretical simulation results validate the model used. Additionally, about 57°C of difference of the maximum temperatures measured at the radii locations between 0.15 mm and 0.5 mm was observed.

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