Genital mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas in cervicovaginal self-collected samples of reproductive-age women: prevalence and risk factors

The purpose of this study was to characterise the prevalence and risk factors associated with genital mycoplasmas ( Mycoplasma hominis [MH], M. genitalium [MG]) and ureaplasmas ( Ureaplasma urealyticum [UU], U. parvum [UP]) in Portuguese women of reproductive age. The cross-sectional study included 612 cervicovaginal self-collected samples from women aged 15–44 years, tested for MH, MG, UU, UP by polymerase chain reaction. Y chromosome (Yc) DNA was detected as a biomarker of recent unprotected sexual intercourse. The prevalences of UU, UP, MH and MG were 28.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.0–32.1), 22.4% (95% CI 19.3–25.9), 8.5% (95% CI 6.5–11.0) and 0.8% (95% CI 0.4–1.9), respectively. Overall, women aged 20–29 years (odds ratio [OR] 1.78; P = 0.010) and the presence of Yc-DNA (OR 2.33; P = 0.038) were associated with an increased risk of UU. Lifetime number of sexual partners was a predictor of UU, UP and MH (OR 2.46; P < 0.001, OR 2.78; P < 0.001 and OR 1.55; P < 0.001, respectively, for more than one versus one partner). The prevalence of MG was low, while UU, UP and MH were common in Portuguese women of reproductive age. The presence of UU, UP and MH was associated with sexual activity (number of sexual partners), although the consequences of its prevalence are not fully understood and should be further investigated.

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Identifying risk factors of anemia among women of reproductive age in Rwanda - a cross-sectional study using secondary data from the Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey 2014/2015

10.21203/rs.2.14859/v3 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Dieudonne Hakizimana ◽

Marie Paul Nisingizwe ◽

Jenae Logan ◽

Rex Wong

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Pregnant Woman ◽

Intrauterine Device ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hemoglobin Level ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Anemia among Women of Reproductive Age (WRA) continues to be among the major public health problems in many developing countries, including Rwanda, where it increased in prevalence between the 2015 and 2010 Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey (RDHS) reports. A thorough understanding of its risk factors is necessary to design better interventions. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has been conducted in Rwanda on a nationally representative sample to assess factors associated with anemia among WRA. Accordingly, this study was conducted to address such gap. Methods A quantitative, cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the RDHS 2014-2015 report. The study population consisted of 6680 WRA who were tested for anemia during the survey. Anemia was defined as having a hemoglobin level equal to or below 10.9 g/dl for a pregnant woman, and hemoglobin level equal to or below 11.9 g/dl for a non-pregnant woman. Pearson’s chi-squared test and multiple logistic regression were conducted for bivariate and multivariable analysis, respectively. Results The prevalence of anemia among WRA was 19.2% (95% CI: 18.0 - 20.5). Four factors were found to be associated with lower odds of anemia, including being obese (OR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.40 - 0.91), being in the rich category (OR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.63 - 0.87), sleeping under a mosquito net (OR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.74 - 0.98), and using hormonal contraceptives (OR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.50 - 0.73). Five factors were associated with higher odds of anemia, including being underweight (OR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.09 - 1.78), using an intrauterine device (OR: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.05 - 3.75), being separated or widowed (OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.09 - 1.67), and living in the Southern province (OR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.11 - 1.89) or in the Eastern province (OR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.06 - 1.88). Conclusion Anemia continues to pose public health challenges; novel public health interventions should consider geographic variations in anemia risk, seek to improve women’s economic statuses, and strengthen iron supplementation especially for Intrauterine device users. Additionally, given the association between anemia and malaria, interventions to prevent malaria should be enhanced.

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OVARIAN MALIGNANCY

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2018.25.02.449 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (02) ◽

pp. 237-241

Author(s):

Shabana Rafiq ◽

Razia Bibi ◽

Samina Ashraf

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Ovarian Malignancy ◽

Ovarian Mass ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Increased Risk ◽

History Of ◽

Study Setting

Objectives: To determine the frequency of ovarian malignancy in women ofreproductive age presenting with ovarian mass and to determine frequency of factors leadingto ovarian malignancy. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Department of Obstetrics& Gynaecology, Lady Wallington Hospital, Lahore. Period with Dates: From 05.11.11 to26.06.12. Results: The result of our study reveals majority of the patients between 21-30 yearsi.e. 45.88%(n=39), common age was 24.21+3.76 years, 43.53%(n=37) were nulliparous (inmajority), while frequency of ovarian malignancy in women of reproductive age presenting withovarian mass was recorded in 14.11%(n=12) while frequency of factors leading to ovarianmalignancy was 91.67%(n=11) patients were nulliparous while family history of ovarianmalignancy was in 8.33%(n=1) patients. Conclusions: The frequency of ovarian malignancy ishigher among reproductive age females with increased risk of nulliparity.

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Trends, prevalence and risk factors of overweight and obesity among women of reproductive age in Bangladesh: a pooled analysis of five national cross-sectional surveys

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018468 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. e018468 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Muhammad Abdul Baker Chowdhury ◽

Md Mohiuddin Adnan ◽

Md Zakiul Hassan

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Low Cost ◽

Wealth Index ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Demographic And Health Surveys ◽

Obesity Prevalence ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Cross Sectional

ObjectiveTo determine the trends, prevalence and risk factors of overweight and obesity among Bangladeshi women of reproductive age from 1999 to 2014.DesignWe analysed nationally representative data from the 1999, 2004, 2007, 2011 and 2014 cross-sectional Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys.SettingBangladesh.ParticipantsWomen aged 15–49 years.Primary outcomeOverweight/obesity.ResultsA total of 58 192 women were included in the analysis. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among women of reproductive age increased significantly from 7.53% (95% CI 6.83 to 8.29) and 1.82% (95% CI 1.48 to 2.24) in 1999 to 28.37% (95% CI 27.49 to 29.28) and 10.77% (95% CI 10.22 to 11.35) in 2014, respectively. Age, education, wealth index, watching television and contraceptive use were associated with overweight and obesity in both urban and rural areas.ConclusionsOverweight and obesity prevalence increased significantly among Bangladeshi women of reproductive age between 1999 and 2014. Development of effective low-cost strategies to address the increasing burden of obesity should be a high priority.

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Risk Factors of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis among Women of Reproductive Age in Xi’an: A Cross-Sectional Study

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2018/9703754 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Xianling Zeng ◽

Yafei Zhang ◽

Taohong Zhang ◽

Yan Xue ◽

Huiqiu Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Control Group ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Gynecology And Obstetrics ◽

History Of

Purpose. To explore risk factors of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) among women of reproductive age in Xi’an district and then to offer reference for clinical prevention and treatment of VVC. Methods. Patients from the outpatient department of gynecology and obstetrics in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University from June 2016 to May 2017 were recruited strictly according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Participants diagnosed as simple VVC were assigned to the case group, while women who underwent routine gynecological examination and had normal vaginal microflora were assigned to the control group. Then we conducted a questionnaire survey of the two groups and used the logistic regression model to explore the related risk factors of VVC. Results. In the present study, ninety-seven cases were sample VVC patients and eighty-seven cases were healthy women. This cross-sectional study showed that occasionally or never drinking sweet drinks (odds ratio [OR] =0.161, 95% confidence interval [CI] =0.056-0.462, P=0.001), occasionally or never eating sweet foods (OR=0.158, 95%CI=0.054-0.460, P=0.001), and the use of condom (OR=0.265, 95%CI=0.243-0.526, P=0.001) were regarded as protective factors for VVC. In addition, sedentary life style (OR=7.876, 95%CI=1.818-34.109, P=0.006), frequently wearing tights (OR=6.613, 95%CI=1.369-27.751, P=0.018), frequent intravaginal douching (OR=3.493, 95%CI=1.379-8.847, P=0.008), having the first sexual encounter when under 20 years old (OR=2.364, 95%CI=1.181-7.758, P=0.006), the number of sexual partners being over two (OR=3.222, 95%CI=1.042-9.960, P=0.042), history of curettage (OR=3.471, 95%CI=1.317-9.148, P=0.012), history of vaginitis (OR=8.999, 95%CI=2.816-28.760, P<0.001), and not cleaning the vulva before or after sexual encounters (OR=13.684, 95%CI=2.843-65.874, P=0.001) were considered to be risk factors of VVC. Conclusion. In conclusion, risk factors of VVC are various, involving ages, hygienic habits, disease history, and other aspects.

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Anemia prevalence and etiology among women, men, and children in Ethiopia: a study protocol for a national population-based survey

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-019-7647-7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Amare Worku Tadesse ◽

Elena C. Hemler ◽

Christopher Andersen ◽

Simone Passarelli ◽

Alemayehu Worku ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Comprehensive Evaluation ◽

Potential Effect ◽

Population Based ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Control Programs ◽

Detailed Assessment

Abstract Background Anemia remains a public health challenge in Ethiopia, affecting an estimated 56% of children under age 5 years, 23% of women of reproductive age and 18% of adult men. However, anemia etiology and the relative contribution of underlying risk factors for anemia remains unclear and has hindered implementation of anemia control programs. Methods/design Anemia Etiology in Ethiopia (AnemEE) is a population-based cross-sectional survey of six regions of Ethiopia that includes children, women of reproductive age, and men from regionally representative households. The survey will include detailed assessment of anemia, iron, inflammatory and nutritional biomarkers, diet, comorbidities, and other factors. The objectives of AnemEE are 1) to generate evidence for decision-making on the etiology of anemia in Ethiopia among men, women and children and 2) to simulate the potential effect of iron fortification and other interventions on the prevalence of anemia and risk of iron overload. Discussion AnemEE will provide the most comprehensive evaluation of anemia etiology in Ethiopia to date due to its detailed assessment of diet, biomarkers, infections and other risk factors in a population-based sample. By generating evidence and simulating potential interventions, AnemEE will inform the development of high-impact anemia control programs and policies. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04002466. Registered on 28 June 2019. Retrospectively registered.

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Identifying risk factors of anemia among women of reproductive age in Rwanda – a cross-sectional study using secondary data from the Rwanda demographic and health survey 2014/2015

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-019-8019-z ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Dieudonne Hakizimana ◽

Marie Paul Nisingizwe ◽

Jenae Logan ◽

Rex Wong

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Pregnant Woman ◽

Intrauterine Device ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hemoglobin Level ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Anemia among Women of Reproductive Age (WRA) continues to be among the major public health problems in many developing countries, including Rwanda, where it increased in prevalence between the 2015 and 2010 Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey (RDHS) reports. A thorough understanding of its risk factors is necessary to design better interventions. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has been conducted in Rwanda on a nationally representative sample to assess factors associated with anemia among WRA. Accordingly, this study was conducted to address such gap. Methods A quantitative, cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the RDHS 2014–2015. The study population consisted of 6680 WRA who were tested for anemia during the survey. Anemia was defined as having a hemoglobin level equal to or below 10.9 g/dl for a pregnant woman, and hemoglobin level equal to or below 11.9 g/dl for a non-pregnant woman. Pearson’s chi-squared test and multiple logistic regression were conducted for bivariate and multivariable analysis, respectively. Results The prevalence of anemia among WRA was 19.2% (95% CI: 18.0–20.5). Four factors were found to be associated with lower odds of anemia, including being obese (OR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.40–0.91), being in the rich category (OR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.63–0.87), sleeping under a mosquito net (OR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.74–0.98), and using hormonal contraceptives (OR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.50–0.73). Five factors were associated with higher odds of anemia, including being underweight (OR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.09–1.78), using an intrauterine device (OR: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.05–3.75), being separated or widowed (OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.09–1.67), and living in the Southern province (OR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.11–1.89) or in the Eastern province (OR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.06–1.88). Conclusion Anemia continues to pose public health challenges; novel public health interventions should consider geographic variations in anemia risk, seek to improve women’s economic statuses, and strengthen iron supplementation especially for Intrauterine device users. Additionally, given the association between anemia and malaria, interventions to prevent malaria should be enhanced.

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Risk factors of pre-hypertension and hypertension among non-pregnant women of reproductive age in northeastern Tanzania: a community based cross-sectional study

Tropical Medicine & International Health ◽

10.1111/tmi.13149 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (11) ◽

pp. 1176-1187 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Omari A. Msemo ◽

Christentze Schmiegelow ◽

Birgitte B. Nielsen ◽

Hannah Kousholt ◽

Louise G. Grunnet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional

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Identifying risk factors of anemia among women of reproductive age in Rwanda to inform designing better interventions – a secondary data analysis, cross-sectional study using the Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey (RDHS) data

10.21203/rs.2.14859/v2 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Dieudonne Hakizimana ◽

Marie Paul Nisingizwe ◽

Jenae Logan ◽

Rex Wong

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Pregnant Woman ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hemoglobin Level ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Anemia among Women of Reproductive Age (WRA) continues to be among the major public health problems in many developing countries including Rwanda where it was increased comparing 2015 to 2010 Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey (RDHS) reports. A thorough understanding of the its risk factors is necessary to design interventions. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study with national representation assessing anemia risk factors among WRA has been conducted in Rwanda. Therefore, this study aims to identify anemia risk factors among WRA in Rwanda. Methods This was a quantitative, cross-sectional study using secondary data from the 2014-2015 RDHS data. The study population consisted of 6680 WRA who were tested for anemia during the survey. Anemia was defined as having a hemoglobin level equal or below to 10.9 g/dl for a pregnant woman, and hemoglobin level equal or below to 11.9 g/dl for a non-pregnant woman. Pearson’s chi-squared test and multiple logistic regression were conducted for bivariate and multivariable analysis respectively. We reported Odds Ratio (OR), 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) and p-values. Results The overall prevalence of anemia among WRA was 19.2% (95% CI: 18.0 - 20.5). After controlling for other variables, four factors were found associated with lower odds of anemia, they are being obese (OR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.40 - 0.91), being in rich category (OR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.63 - 0.87), sleeping under a mosquito net (OR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.74 - 0.98), and using hormonal contraceptives (OR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.50 - 0.73). Four factors associated with higher odds of anemia were being underweight (OR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.09 - 1.78), using an Intra Uterus Device (OR: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.05 - 3.75), and living in the Southern province (OR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.11 - 1.89) or in the Eastern province (OR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.06 - 1.88). Conclusion Anemia continues to pose public health challenges; novel public health interventions should consider geographic variations, improve women economic status, and strengthen iron supplementation especially for Intrauterine Device users. Additionally, given the association between anemia and malaria, interventions to prevent malaria should be enhanced.

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Prevalence and risk factors of preconception anemia: A community based cross sectional study of rural women of reproductive age in northeastern Tanzania

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0208413 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. e0208413 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Omari A. Msemo ◽

Ib C. Bygbjerg ◽

Sofie L. Møller ◽

Birgitte B. Nielsen ◽

Lars Ødum ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Rural Women ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional

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Predictors and symptomatic burden of uterine fibroids among women in South-Eastern India: a cross-sectional survey analysis

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20190278 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 524

Author(s):

Dharitri Swain ◽

Chanchal Yadav ◽

Jyoti Kumari ◽

Monika Rani ◽

Priyanka Daunrai Rongmei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Uterine Fibroid ◽

Uterine Fibroids ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Age Group ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Reproductive Age Group

Background: Uterine fibroid is the most common pelvic tumor in women of reproductive age and are asymptomatic in at least 50% of affected women. Various risk factors are associated with development of uterine fibroids during this reproductive age. The present study established various associated risk factors increases the prevalence of uterine fibroid among reproductive age group and clinical symptoms burden of diagnosed case.Methods: A cross sectional study design was used to collect samples for a period of six months in an OPD basis. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the 362 sample of reproductive age group (15-45 years) women in a tertiary care hospital, Southeastern India. Women diagnosed with uterine fibroid by ultrasonography were included as cases. Symptomatic features and associated risk factors of UF were collected through structure interview schedule.Results: Point prevalence of uterine fibroid among women in reproductive age group during the period of six months was 20%. Majority of them were in the age group of 30-39 years. Demographic factor such as overweight and obesity and consume dairy products daily has increased the prevalence of UF, whereas use of oral contraceptive pills and normal BMI had inverse relationship with UF risk. Most of the cases reported of having menstrual disturbances like heavy bleeding, passes blood clots during menstruation, prolonged period, urinary symptoms and pressure symptoms were considered independent predicting factors for the occurrence of uterine fibroid.Conclusions: Uterine fibroid is more prevalent among women of reproductive age causing various bleeding and renal symptoms that can have negative impact on quality of women’s life.

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