Show Me the Money: A Systematic Exploration of Manipulations, Moderators, and Mechanisms of Priming Effects

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 1148-1159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene M. Caruso ◽  
Oren Shapira ◽  
Justin F. Landy
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Dependent Measure ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Systematic Exploration ◽  
Behavioral Persistence ◽  
Theories Of Money ◽  
Money Priming

A major challenge for accumulating knowledge in psychology is the variation in methods and participant populations across studies in a single domain. We offer a systematic approach to addressing this challenge and implement it in the domain of money priming. In three preregistered experiments ( N = 4,649), participants were exposed to one of a number of money manipulations before completing self-report measures of money activation (Study 1); engaging in a behavioral-persistence task (Study 3); completing self-report measures of subjective wealth, self-sufficiency, and communion-agency (Studies 1–3); and completing demographic questions (Studies 1–3). Four of the five manipulations we tested activated the concept of money, but, contrary to what we expected based on the preponderance of the published literature, no manipulation consistently affected any dependent measure. Moderation by sociodemographic characteristics was sparse and inconsistent across studies. We discuss implications for theories of money priming and explain how our approach can complement recent efforts to build a reproducible, cumulative psychological science.

Kinematic Design of Functional Nanoscale Mechanisms From Molecular Primitives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meysam T. Chorsi ◽  
Pouya Tavousi ◽  
Caitlyn Mundrane ◽  
Vitaliy Gorbatyuk ◽  
Kazem Kazerounian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Channels ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Design Space ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
Kinematic Design ◽  
Systematic Exploration ◽  
And Function

Abstract Natural nanomechanisms such as capillaries, neurotransmitters, and ion channels play a vital role in the living systems. But the design principles developed by nature through evolution are not well understood and, hence, not applicable to engineered nanomachines. Thus, the design of nanoscale mechanisms with prescribed functions remains a challenge. Here, we present a systematic approach based on established kinematics techniques to designing, analyzing, and controlling manufacturable nanomachines with prescribed mobility and function built from a finite but extendable number of available "molecular primitives." Our framework allows the systematic exploration of the design space of irreducibly simple nanomachines, built with prescribed motion specification by combining available nanocomponents into systems having constrained, and consequently controllable motions. We show that the proposed framework has allowed us to discover and verify a molecule in the form of a seven link, seven revolute (7R) close loop spatial linkage with mobility (degree of freedom) of one. Furthermore, our experiments exhibit the type and range of motion predicted by our simulations. Enhancing such a structure into functional nanomechanisms by exploiting and controlling their motions individually or as part of an ensemble could galvanize development of the multitude of engineering, scientific, medical, and consumer applications that can benefit from engineered nanomachines.

scholarly journals Open source smartphone apps and tools for measuring, quantifying, and visualizing screen time

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kris Geyer ◽  
David Alexander Ellis ◽  
Heather Shaw ◽  
Brittany I Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Screen Time ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Smartphone Apps ◽  
Use Of Self ◽  
Open Platform ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Android App ◽  
The Impact

Psychological science has spent many years attempting to understand the impact of new technology on people and society. However, the frequent use of self-report methods to quantify patterns of usage struggle to capture subtle nuances of human-computer interaction. This has become particularly problematic for devices like smartphones that are used frequently and for a variety of purposes. While commercial apps can provide an element of objectivity, these are ‘closed’ and cannot be adapted to deliver a researcher-focused ‘open’ platform that allows for straightforward replication. Therefore, we have developed a freely available android app, which provides accurate, highly detailed, and customisable accounts of smartphone usage without compromising participants privacy. Further recommendations and code are provided in order to assist with data analysis.

Kinematic Design of Functional Nanoscale Mechanisms From Molecular Primitives

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pouya Tavousi ◽  
Meysam T. Chorsi ◽  
Caitlyn Mundrane ◽  
Vitaliy Gorbatyuk ◽  
Kazem Kazerounian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Channels ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Design Space ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
Kinematic Design ◽  
Systematic Exploration ◽  
And Function

Abstract Natural nanomechanisms such as capillaries, neurotransmitters, and ion channels play a vital role in the living systems. But the design principles developed by nature through evolution are not well understood and, hence, not applicable to engineered nanomachines. Thus, the design of nanoscale mechanisms with prescribed functions remains a challenge. Here, we present a systematic approach based on established kinematics techniques to designing, analyzing, and controlling manufacturable nanomachines with prescribed mobility and function built from a finite but extendable number of available “molecular primitives.” Our framework allows the systematic exploration of the design space of irreducibly simple nanomachines, built with prescribed motion specification by combining available nanocomponents into systems having constrained, and consequently controllable motions. We show that the proposed framework has allowed us to discover and verify a molecule in the form of a seven link, seven revolute (7R) close loop spatial linkage with mobility (degree of freedom) of one. Furthermore, our experiments exhibit the type and range of motion predicted by our simulations. Enhancing such a structure into functional nanomechanisms by exploiting and controlling their motions individually or as part of an ensemble could galvanize development of the multitude of engineering, scientific, medical, and consumer applications that can benefit from engineered nanomachines.

The role of musical priming in brand recall

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 1112-1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Levrini ◽  
Cristian Luis Schaeffer ◽  
Walter Nique
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Response ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Cognitive Effort ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Brand Recall ◽  
Online Sales

Purpose The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to analyze whether musical priming induces greater recall of brands and, second, to study the emotional priming effects of music, in comparison with non-emotional music, including gender comparison. Design/methodology/approach Through the utilization of neuromarketing tools and protocols (quantitative and qualitative), the study explores facial eltromyography (EMG) capabilities and skin conductance responses (SCR) measuring consumers’ emotional responses. Findings The findings show that at least, 40 percent of the total sample recognized a musical priming effect. The study measures the emotional response to musical priming as positive. Emotional video recognition was much higher in females. Both the self-report and physiological measures support the notion that emotional background music can elicit emotional responses in consumers. Research limitations/implications The research measured emotional response to musical priming without testing how these responses influence consumers’ attention and overall behavior. Practical implications The five senses, especially hearing, play an important role in the purchasing decision process and in the individual customer experience. People become aware of the products and brands that surround them and make their choice. In terms of digital trading activities and online sales, increasing physiological understanding of musical priming reactions may mean that, for companies, selling low-end online goods may be economically worthwhile to cooperate with platforms such as Spotify or iTunes to select individual users. Social implications More research is needed in priming process techniques in order to better understand how primes activate knowledge in the consumer’s mind. Understanding this process will inform marketers how close a prime needs to be to a target to have an effective influence, as well as when marketers should be concerned about negative priming effects. Originality/value At the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that music priming is analyzed in terms of self-report and physiological measures From the measurement’s perspective, the results reaffirm that physiological and self-report measures capture different levels of information. While SCR and EMG capture real-time subconscious responses, MAN scale self-report data provide information regarding how cognitive effort, in terms of intensity and valence, affects brand recall.

scholarly journals Real-Time Reporting of Small Operational Failures in Nursing Care

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen R. Stevens ◽  
Robert L. Ferrer
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Frontline Staff ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Surgical Units ◽  
Problem Detection ◽  
Operational Failures ◽  
The Impact

Addressing microsystem problems from the frontline holds promise for quality enhancement. Frontline providers are urged to apply quality improvement; yet no systematic approach to problem detection has been tested. This study investigated a self-report approach to detecting operational failures encountered during patient care.Methods. Data were collected from 5 medical-surgical units over 4 weeks. Unit staff documented operational failures on a small distinctive Pocket Card. Frequency distributions for the operational failures in each category were calculated for each hospital overall and disaggregated by shift. Rate of operational failures on each unit was also calculated.Results. A total of 160 nurses participated in this study reporting a total of 2,391 operational failures over 429 shifts. Mean number of problems per shift varied from 4.0 to 8.5 problems with equipment/supply problems being the most commonly reported category.Conclusions. Operational failures are common on medical-surgical clinical units. It is feasible for unit staff to record these failures in real time. Many types of failures were recognized by frontline staff. This study provides preliminary evidence that the Pocket Card is a feasible approach to detecting operational failures in real time. Continued research on methodologies to investigate the impact of operational failures is warranted.

Does Subjective SES Moderate the Effect of Money Priming on Socioeconomic System Support? A Replication of Schuler and Wänke (2016)

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarret T. Crawford ◽  
Allison Fournier ◽  
John Ruscio
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
System Justification ◽  
System Support ◽  
Just World ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Subjective Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Socioeconomic System ◽  
Subjective Ses ◽  
Money Priming

Findings that money priming increases socioeconomic system support have proven difficult to replicate. Schuler and Wänke found that subjective socioeconomic status (SES) moderates money priming effects on system justification and belief in a just world. We conducted three preregistered replications of this research, with sample sizes 3 times those of the original studies. Replication 1 was a conceptual replication that combined elements from the original two studies, and Replications 2 and 3 were close replications of Studies 1 and 2, respectively. None of the four subjective SES × Money Prime interaction effects tested were statistically significant, and only one of the four survived a “small telescopes” analysis. We discuss reasons for our general failure to replicate the original findings and implications for money priming effects.

scholarly journals A Comparison of the Sensitivity of Four Indirect Evaluation Measures to Evaluative Information

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoav Bar-Anan ◽  
Brian A. Nosek
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Dependent Measure ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Total N ◽  
Evaluation Measures ◽  
Priming Task ◽  
Affect Misattribution Procedure ◽  
Indirect Evaluation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Research Efficiency

Indirect evaluation measures are used as a dependent measure to assess the impact of experimental interventions on shifting pre-existing attitudes or creating new attitudes. In four experiments (total N = 13,894), we compared the sensitivity of four indirect evaluation measures to evaluative information about two novel targets. Evaluative sensitivity was strongest for the Implicit Association Test (IAT). Other measures were more similar in their sensitivity, but the pattern, from stronger to the weakest was the Affect Misattribution Procedure (AMP), the Sorting Paired Features (SPF), and then Evaluative Priming task (EPT). To the extent that these findings are generalizable to related research applications, these results suggest that the measures differ in their research efficiency (power). For example, to achieve 80% power to detect the evaluative learning effect in the present studies, direct self-report would require 10 participants, the IAT 28 participants, the AMP 57, the SPF 79, and the EPT 131.

Research Note: Reliability of Self-Report Sickness Absence Data in the Health Service

1993 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Rees ◽  
Cary L Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Health Service ◽  
Sickness Absence ◽  
One Health ◽  
Dependent Measure ◽  
Research Note ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Health District ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
High Level

Rees and Cooper (1990) used self-reports of sickness absence during the previous six months as a dependent measure in a diagnostic survey of stress in one health district. Comparison of self-reports with actual sickness absence showed that it achieved a high level of association (0.95) and can be recommended as an alternative to actual sickness data in studies in which, for whatever reason, actual sickness absence is difficult to obtain.

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