Energy, Environment and Technology in The Former Ussr: The Case of Fossil-Fuelled Power Stations and Acid Rain Emissions

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm R. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Acid Rain ◽  
Atmospheric Pollution ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Technological Factors ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Advanced Combustion ◽  
Energy Environment ◽  
Combustion Processes ◽  
Former Ussr

This paper provides perspectives on atmospheric pollution in the former USSR, and the technological factors which influence the levels of these emissions. The first part of the paper provides an estimate of the scale of atmospheric pollution in the former USSR, with particular reference to acid rain emissions in general and from the power generation industry in particular; followed by a discussion of recent and future fuel preferences in the former Soviet region. This discussion is then followed by descriptions of the combustion processes used in the power generation industry in the former USSR, with attention being drawn to the levels of SOx and NOx emissions from these various fuels and processes. These emissions are compared with those from advanced combustion processes used in Western countries, and the paper is then concluded with a list of those technologies which are the most likely candidates for transfer to the former USSR for the reduction of acid rain emissions.

Technological Options for the Reduction of Russian Acid Rain and Greenhouse Gas Emissions

10.1068/b2660 ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm R Hill
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Acid Rain ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Know How ◽  
Combustion Processes ◽  
Former Ussr ◽  
Technological Options

The first part of this paper consists of a summary of previous studies on Russian emissions of oxides of sulphur (SO x) and nitrogen (NO x), followed by a summary of reports of Russian carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. This range of estimates is then compared with reports of emissions from other major industrial Western countries, in order to provide information on the comparative magnitudes of acid rain and greenhouse gas emissions from the former Soviet region. The next section of the paper provides information on technological options for the reduction of acid rain and CO2 emissions within a framework of available fuels and combustion processes utilised in power generation within the former USSR, paying particular attention to those technologies which are applicable to the reduction of acid rain or greenhouse gases either separately or simultaneously. I conclude the paper with a discussion of the Russian economic, political, and commercial factors which will influence the practical implementation of those technologies in that region, paying particular attention to the potentials for the development of indigenous Russian technologies and the assimilation of Western know-how.

scholarly journals A Study on the Improvement of Efficiency by Detection Solar Module Faults in Deteriorated Photovoltaic Power Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myeong-Hwan Hwang ◽  
Young-Gon Kim ◽  
Hae-Sol Lee ◽  
Young-Dae Kim ◽  
Hyun-Rok Cha
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Failure Detection ◽  
Solar Module ◽  
Thermal Images ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Photovoltaic Power ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Pv Power Generation

In recent years, photovoltaic (PV) power generation has attracted considerable attention as a new eco-friendly and renewable energy generation technology. With the recent development of semiconductor manufacturing technologies, PV power generation is gradually increasing. In this paper, we analyze the types of defects that form in PV power generation panels and propose a method for enhancing the productivity and efficiency of PV power stations by determining the defects of aging PV modules based on their temperature, power output, and panel images. The method proposed in the paper allows the replacement of individual panels that are experiencing a malfunction, thereby reducing the output loss of solar power generation plants. The aim is to develop a method that enables users to immediately check the type of failures among the six failure types that frequently occur in aging PV panels—namely, hotspot, panel breakage, connector breakage, busbar breakage, panel cell overheating, and diode failure—based on thermal images by using the failure detection system. By comparing the data acquired in the study with the thermal images of a PV power station, efficiency is increased by detecting solar module faults in deteriorated photovoltaic power plants.

scholarly journals Reduction of Major Pollutants via Air-staged Commbustion on Burner System

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Nazri Mohd. Jaafar ◽  
Mohd Nur Hanafi Zaini
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Process ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Percent Reduction ◽  
Secondary Air ◽  
Secondary Zone ◽  
Combustion Processes ◽  
Different Gases ◽  
Air Staging ◽  
Co Emission

Emission from the combustion processes can cause adverse effect to the environment.  The formation of pollutants such as NOx, CO, CO2 and SOx are hazardous and harmful to the ecosystem.  The awareness about the pollution due to the combustion activities, particularly in industrial field has set off an effort to find more comprehensive and enhanced technologies to reduce these pollutants.  There are several methods that can be used to reduce the emissions of these pollutants either by combustion modifications or post combustion treatment.  In this research, the method used is the post combustion treatment, i.e. the air staging method.  By air staging techniques, some of the combustion air will be directed into the primary combustion zone, while the remaining air is directed into the secondary zone.  The function of the secondary air is to reduce the peak flame temperatures, which theoretically reduce the emissions of NOx emissions.  The primary concern for this research is to study the effectiveness of the air staging in reducing NOx, CO, SO2, and UHC emissions from the combustion process.  The results obtained showed significant reduction in all major pollutants, i.e., a 31.8 percent reduction for CO emission, 16.8 percent for NOx, 12.7 percent for SO2 and 10.3 percent for UHC.  These reductions were obtained at different equivalence ratios for different gases.

Impact of Ethane, Propane, and Diluent Content in Natural Gas on the Performance of a Commercial Microturbine Generator

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Hack ◽  
Vincent G. McDonell
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Fuel Composition ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Designed Experiment ◽  
Methane Number ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lean Conditions

The impact of fuel composition on the performance of power generation devices is gaining interest as the desire to diversify fuel supplies increases. In the present study, measurements of combustion performance were conducted on a commercial natural gas-fired 60kW gas turbine as a function of fuel composition. A statistically designed experiment was carried out and exhaust emissions were obtained for significant amounts of ethane and propane. In addition, a limited study of the effect of inerts was conducted. The results show that emissions of NOx, CO, and NOx∕NO are not well correlated with common descriptions of the fuel, such as higher heating value or methane number. The results and trends indicate that the presence of higher hydrocarbons in the fuel leads to appreciably higher NOx emissions for both test devices operating under similar lean conditions, while having less impact on CO emissions.

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