Paid and unpaid work: The impact of social policies on the gender division of labour

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 505-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Kleider
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Unpaid Work ◽  
Social Policies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gender Division Of Labour ◽  
Paid And Unpaid Work

scholarly journals Editorial

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Tatnall
Keyword(s):  
Family Support ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Multinational Companies ◽  
Unpaid Work ◽  
Public Private Partnerships ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Business Systems ◽  
Public Companies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Paid And Unpaid Work

This issue of the Journal of Business Systems, Governance and Ethics has articles relating to business in Europe, Australia, Taiwan and Malaysia. It covers topics including the use of ICT by SMEs in Europe, Public Private Partnerships in Victoria, family support for expatriate members of multinational companies, financial reporting using the Internet, the impact of children on women’s and men’s paid and unpaid work, and leadership and ethnicity issues in public companies in Malaysia.

scholarly journals Gendered Effects of Home-Based Work on Parents’ Capability to Balance Work with Non-work: Two Countries with Different Models of Division of Labour Compared

2018 ◽  
Vol 151 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kurowska
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Unpaid Work ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Latent Construct ◽  
Home Based ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis paper explores gendered impact of home-based work (HBW) on the capability to balance work with non-work in double-earner families with dependent children in two countries with distinct models of division of labour: Poland and Sweden. At first, I critically engage with the WLB conceptualization in HBW studies and try to address identified gaps. Driving from the theoretical concept of ‘burden of responsibilities’ and setting it in the capability approach, I propose to operationalize the capability to balance work with non-work as a latent construct, observed through two indicators of the burden of unpaid work responsibilities related to one’s engagement in paid work. To simultaneously measure this capability as a latent construct and the impact of HBW on this capability, I estimate a simple structural equation model for each country. The results show that men in both countries have higher capabilities to balance work with non-work than women, but the difference between genders is smaller in Sweden. I also find that HBW is related to lower capability to balance work with non-work for mothers in both countries and for fathers in Sweden only. The results of this study show that in a relatively gender equal society (Sweden) the negative impact of home based work on the capability to balance work with non-work affects both genders. On the contrary—in a more traditional society (Poland), men are able to ‘escape’ the trap of double burden of paid and unpaid work when working from home while women do not.

scholarly journals Home, sweet home? The impact of working from home on the division of unpaid work during the COVID-19 lockdown

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Derndorfer ◽  
Franziska Disslbacher ◽  
Vanessa Lechinger ◽  
Katharina Mär ◽  
Eva Six
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Unpaid Work ◽  
Female Partner ◽  
Working From Home ◽  
Division Of Housework ◽  
Market Production ◽  
Small Set ◽  
The Impact

A lockdown implies a shift from the public to the private sphere, and from market to non-market production, thereby increasing the volume of unpaid work. Already before the pandemic, unpaid work was disproportionately borne by women. This paper studies the effect of working from home for pay (WFH), due to a lockdown, on the change in the division of housework and childcare within couple households. While previous studies on the effect of WFH on the reconciliation of work and family life and the division of labour within the household suffered from selection bias, we are able to identify this effect by drawing upon the shock of the first COVID-19 lockdown in Austria. The corresponding legal measures left little choice over WFH. In any case, WFH is exogenous, conditional on a small set of individual and household characteristics we control for. We employ data from a survey on the gendered aspects of the lockdown. The dataset includes detailed information on time use during the lockdown and on the quality and experience of WFH. Uniquely, this survey data also includes information on the division, and not only magnitude, of unpaid work within households. Austria is an interesting case in this respect as it is characterized by very conservative gender norms. The results reveal that the probability of men taking on a larger share of housework increases if men are WFH alone or together with their female partner. By contrast, the involvement of men in childcare increased only in the event that the female partner was not able to WFH. Overall, the burden of childcare, and particularly homeschooling, was disproportionately borne by women.

scholarly journals Gendering COVID-19: Impact of the Pandemic on Women's Burden of Unpaid Work in India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanshi Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Online Education ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Unpaid Work ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Domestic Worker ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
Gendered Roles ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the already existing gender inequalities with substantial implications on women. With the closure of offices and educational institutions, and the emerging norm of work from home and online education, along with the lack of services of domestic worker, the need to perform unpaid chores in the household has increased. Simultaneously, the requirements of social distancing and sanitization have created new unpaid chores. Owing to the sexual division of labour, and gendered roles and social norms of performing domestic and care work, the burden of unpaid work falls disproportionately on women. In this context, the objective of the paper is to study the impact of COVID-19 on time spent on unpaid work and the underlying gender differences in the urban centres in India. Specifically, the paper will do a comparative analysis of the gender differences in time spent on unpaid work before and during the lockdown, and analyse the reasons for the same.

scholarly journals Scenarios for the Equal Division of Paid and Unpaid Work in the Transition to Parenthood in Germany

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Dechant ◽  
Florian Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Transition To Parenthood ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Family Values ◽  
Unpaid Work ◽  
Equal Division ◽  
Educational Homogamy ◽  
High Level ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Paid And Unpaid Work

On the basis of a qualitative longitudinal study of 14 German couples, the conditions that are necessary and sufficient for an equal division of labour in the transition to parenthood are examined in an explorative way. Based on the assumption that couples with educational homogamy on a high level are probably more prone and sufficiently assertive to establish egalitarian relationships, we show that such arrangements cannot be sustained or achieved without the existence of specific contiguous conditions. A comparison of attitudes, family values and norms with actual everyday routines also suggests in many cases the well-known “verbal open-mindedness and rigid behaviour”.

scholarly journals Home, sweet home? The impact of working from home on the division of unpaid work during the COVID-19 lockdown

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0259580
Author(s):  
Judith Derndorfer ◽  
Franziska Disslbacher ◽  
Vanessa Lechinger ◽  
Katharina Mader ◽  
Eva Six
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Unpaid Work ◽  
Female Partner ◽  
Working From Home ◽  
Division Of Housework ◽  
Market Production ◽  
Small Set ◽  
The Impact

A lockdown implies a shift from the public to the private sphere, and from market to non-market production, thereby increasing the volume of unpaid work. Already before the pandemic, unpaid work was disproportionately borne by women. This paper studies the effect of working from home for pay (WFH), due to a lockdown, on the change in the division of housework and childcare within couple households. While previous studies on the effect of WFH on the reconciliation of work and family life and the division of labour within the household suffered from selection bias, we are able to identify this effect by drawing upon the shock of the first COVID-19 lockdown in Austria. The corresponding legal measures left little choice over WFH. In any case, WFH is exogenous, conditional on a small set of individual and household characteristics we control for. We employ data from a survey on the gendered aspects of the lockdown. The dataset includes detailed information on time use during the lockdown and on the quality and experience of WFH. Uniquely, this survey data also includes information on the division, and not only magnitude, of unpaid work within households. Austria is an interesting case in this respect as it is characterized by very conservative gender norms. The results reveal that the probability of men taking on a larger share of housework increases if men are WFH alone or together with their female partner. By contrast, the involvement of men in childcare increased only in the event that the female partner was not able to WFH. Overall, the burden of childcare, and particularly homeschooling, was disproportionately borne by women.

Love and Money in an Age of Neoliberalism: Gender, Work, and Single Motherhood in Postrevolutionary Nicaragua

2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Cupples
Keyword(s):  
Economic Restructuring ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Unpaid Work ◽  
Gender Ideologies ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Cultural Processes ◽  
A Site ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Paid And Unpaid Work

Based on qualitative research conducted in 1999 and 2001 with a group of single mothers in Matagalpa, Nicaragua, this paper examines the contradictory impacts of neoliberalism on work, based on the understanding that economic restructuring can generate both crisis and a space for changes in gender identities. By focusing on the broader picture of women's work and on the intersections between paid and unpaid work, it discusses what happens to these intersections in times of intense political and economic change. Despite the hardships caused by neoliberalism, it appears that work is a site in which gender ideologies can be challenged. The paper has four main sections. First, it explores the ways in which certain cultural processes are intensified under neoliberalism which affects the relationship between constructions of masculinity and femininity. Second, it assesses the impact of neoliberalism on domestic work and the implications of this for GAD (gender and development) understandings of the double burden and of how the balance of women's paid and unpaid work changes under neoliberalism. Third, it examines the ways in which hegemonic understandings of femininities and motherhood and revolutionary legacies can be resistant to the neoliberal present. Finally, it discusses how work under neoliberalism can be a site of female empowerment or self-esteem.

Intergroup Threat and Outgroup Attitudes

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 311-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Brambilla ◽  
David A. Butz
Keyword(s):  
Gay Men ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Welfare Recipients ◽  
Intergroup Attitudes ◽  
Social Policies ◽  
Intergroup Threat ◽  
Economic Threat ◽  
The Impact ◽  
General Climate

Two studies examined the impact of macrolevel symbolic threat on intergroup attitudes. In Study 1 (N = 71), participants exposed to a macrosymbolic threat (vs. nonsymbolic threat and neutral topic) reported less support toward social policies concerning gay men, an outgroup whose stereotypes implies a threat to values, but not toward welfare recipients, a social group whose stereotypes do not imply a threat to values. Study 2 (N = 78) showed that, whereas macrolevel symbolic threat led to less favorable attitudes toward gay men, macroeconomic threat led to less favorable attitudes toward Asians, an outgroup whose stereotypes imply an economic threat. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for understanding the role of a general climate of threat in shaping intergroup attitudes.

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