The joint construction of goals and means as a solution for the problem of variability in behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 480-484
Author(s):  
Pavel N. Prudkov
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Method ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
Essential Component ◽  
Mechanistic Explanations ◽  
Joint Construction ◽  
Replication Crisis ◽  
Psychological Functions

The understanding of variability in behavior is extraordinarily difficult because behavior consists of actions that are purposeful processes directed to reach future results and psychological functions can deliberately be adjusted for this. The conventional method used in handling this problem is to make behavior in experiments as similar as possible to processes studied in the natural sciences. It is suggested this allows the revealing of simple mechanisms of behavior that are independent of purpose and deliberation. A sufficient basis of the simple mechanisms should elucidate purposefulness mechanistically. It is implicitly assumed this method defines the simple mechanisms unequivocally. The replication crisis hints this assumption is incorrect. Arocha (2021) suggests purpose is the essential component in understanding behavior. However, Arocha assumes no mechanistic explanations for goal-directed processes, thus restricting the usefulness of his ideas. I suggest the goal and means of an action are constructed jointly through the criterion of minimal construction costs. This mechanistically determines actions.

Estimating Downtime in Loss Modeling

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Comerio
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Economic Uncertainty ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
Essential Component ◽  
Regulatory Changes ◽  
Institutional Risk ◽  
Loss Modeling ◽  
Loma Prieta ◽  
Operational Failure ◽  
Business Interruption

Downtime includes the time necessary to plan, finance, and complete repairs on facilities damaged in earthquakes or other disasters. It is an essential component of loss modeling, because it is one measure of operational failure in lifelines and business interruption in buildings. Data from building repairs after the Loma Prieta and Northridge earthquakes, together with institutional risk management projections are used to define the rational and irrational components of downtime for buildings. Rational components include construction costs and time. Irrational situation-specific components take into account the time needed to mobilize for repairs and include financing, relocation of functions, workforce availability, regulatory changes, and economic uncertainty. To quantify these factors, the pace of recovery can be linked to the scale of damage in a stock of buildings in the affected region.

A 48-hour zero-calory diet significantly alters physiological and psychological functions

2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
P Enck ◽  
F Grau ◽  
A Salini ◽  
S Remmlinger ◽  
A Günther ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Functions

Pengembangan pembelajaran PAI model student facilitator and explaining pada kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Puri Mojokerto

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Hariris Nur Cahyo
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Secondary Students ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Trial Data ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Development Research ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Junior Secondary ◽  
Expert Validation

Learning PAI (Islamic Education) seeks to increase the interest of students to develop the knowledge, skills and ability to think about nature and its contents are full of secrets endless. Based Permendiknas No. 23 of 2006, Standard Competency Education Unit (SKL-SP) SMP / MTS include: students can find and apply information from the environment and other sources logically, critically and creatively, and students can demonstrate the ability analyze and solve problems in everyday life. The purpose of development research are: 1) to describe the model of PAI that has been applied in SMP Negeri 1 Puri Mojokerto 2) Describe the product feasibility PAI learning for junior secondary students and secondary review of aspects of the model Student Facilitator and Explaining 3) Produce Learning PAI student Facilitator and explaining the model that corresponds to the culture and character of students in SMP Negeri 1 Puri Mojokerto Products PAI learning facilitator and explaining the model student has been accomplished based analysis of trial data. Based on the measures that have been implemented can be concluded as follows. 1). Products are revised based on theoretically and empirically test results are: Revised by students by questionnaire: Change to increase the attractiveness of the model 2) Products that are developed interesting for classical learning in the classroom and independently. 3) The product of these products can ease the burden of teachers in teaching. 4) The results of expert validation and testing, PAI Learning Facilitator and explaining the model student is fit for use for subjects of Natural Sciences (PAI). 5) Products that are developed can increase students' motivation, and motivation is one of the conditions of implementation of productive models.

UPAYA MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM DENGAN PENERAPAN METODE DEMONSTRASI SISWA KELAS IV SD NEGERI 010 BANJAR PANJANG KECAMATAN KERUMUTAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
Deden Kusdinar
Keyword(s):  
Student Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Student Learning Outcomes ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Science Students ◽  
Experience Teaching ◽  
Improving Student Learning ◽  
Class Iv

Based on the author's experience teaching for this in SD Negeri 010 Banjar PanjangKerumutan, and based on observation and early reflections by the author seen low creativityof students in learning that ultimately ends up in the low student learning outcomesthemselves, especially on the subjects of Natural Sciences. After many tests on the midtermturns lower student learning outcomes. Completeness class only reach 50% or 10 out of 20students, KKM for subjects of Natural Sciences which has been set in the class IV SD Negeri010 Banjar Panjang Kerumutan is the number 70. As Judge things that cause children lowvalue, from the aspect of teachers are: teacher always using methods lectures, learningachievement of children have been considered equally by teachers, and the learning processis dominated by the teacher. This research is a classroom action research (PTK). Class actionresearch through the stages of planning, implementation, observation and reflection. Fromthe research data is a result of learning of natural science at the top can be seen learningoutcome science students from the action on the preliminary data for the first cycle to thesecond cycle by improving student learning outcomes that menigkat are significant, the initialdata of students who achieve mastery only 50 % and cycle to the first increase has reached70% and the thoroughness of the class in the second cycle reaches 85%.

PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE EXAMPLE NON EXAMPLE UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR IPA SISWA KELAS V SDN 003 BERINGIN TELUK KCAMATAN KUANTAN TENGAH

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 711
Author(s):  
Sarwati Sarwati
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Daily Cycle ◽  
Class V ◽  
Model Type ◽  
Student Activity ◽  
Research Cycle

The purpose of this research is to improve learning outcomes of natural sciences subjects through theapplication of cooperative learning model type example non example in class V SDN 003 Beringin Teluk. Theform of this research is classroom action research, with 22 subjects consisting of 10 men and 12 women. Basedon the results of the research cycle I the percentage of teacher activity amounted to 54.1% with sufficientcategories and increased in the second meeting to 62.5% with good categories. In the second cycle of the firstmeeting the percentage of teacher activity was 70.8% in the good category and at the second meeting increasedto 83.3% in the very good category. student activity by 50% with less categories and at the second meetingincreased to 58.3% with enough categories. In the second cycle the first meeting the percentage of studentactivity was 75% in the good category and increased in the second meeting to 87.5% in the very good category.student learning outcomes in the basic score of the presentation was 40.9%, after repeated daily cycle Iincreased to 63.6% and again increased in cycle II to 86.3%. Departing from the results of this action it can beconcluded that the application of cooperative learning model type example non examples can improve thelearning outcomes of Natural Sciences class V SDN 003 Beringin Teluk.

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