A new Holocene sea-level record for Singapore

Relative sea-level (RSL) records from far-field regions distal from ice sheets remain poorly understood, particularly in the early Holocene. Here, we extended the Holocene RSL data from Singapore by producing early Holocene sea-level index points (SLIPs) and limiting dates from a new ~40 m sediment core. We merged new and published RSL data to construct a standardized Singapore RSL database consisting of 88 SLIPs and limiting data. In the early Holocene, RSL rose rapidly from −21.0 to −0.7 m from ~9500 to 7000 cal. yrs. BP. Thereafter, the rate of RSL rise decelerated, reaching a mid-Holocene highstand of 4.0 ± 4.5 m at 5100 cal. yrs. BP, before falling to its present level. There is no evidence of any inflections in RSL when the full uncertainty of SLIPs is considered. When combined with other standardized data from the Malay-Thai Peninsula, our results also show substantial misfits between regional RSL reconstructions and glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) model predictions in the rate of early Holocene RSL rise, the timing of the mid-Holocene highstand and the nature of late-Holocene RSL fall towards the present. It is presently unknown whether these misfits are caused by regional processes, such as subsidence of the continental shelf, or inaccurate parameters used in the GIA model.

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Parameters controlling mid-Holocene highstand in Glacial Isostatic Adjustment modelling

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-4224 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tanghua Li ◽

Stephen Chua ◽

Nicole Khan ◽

Patrick Wu ◽

Benjamin Horton

Keyword(s):

Southeast Asia ◽

Sea Level ◽

Late Holocene ◽

Ice Sheets ◽

Thickness Variation ◽

Glacial Isostatic Adjustment ◽

Lithospheric Thickness ◽

Isostatic Adjustment ◽

Mantle Viscosity ◽

Open Questions

Holocene relative sea-level (RSL) records from regions distal from ice sheets (far-field) are commonly characterized by a mid-Holocene highstand, when RSL reached higher than present levels. The magnitude and timing of the mid-Holocene highstand varies spatially due to hydro-isostatic processes including ocean syphoning and continental levering. While there are open questions regarding the timing, magnitude and source of ice-equivalent sea level in the middle to late Holocene.Here, we compare Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (GIA) model predictions to a standardized database of sea-level index points (SLIPs) from Southeast Asia where we have near-complete Holocene records. The database has more than 130 SLIPs that span the time period from ~9.5 ka BP to present. We investigate the sensitivity of mid-Holocene RSL predictions to GIA parameters, including the lateral lithospheric thickness variation, mantle viscosity (both 1D and 3D), and deglaciation history from different ice sheets (e.g., Laurentide, Fennoscandia, Antarctica).We compute gravitationally self-consistent RSL histories for the GIA model with time dependent coastlines and rotational feedback using the Coupled Laplace-Finite Element Method. The preliminary results show that the timing of the highstand is mainly controlled by the deglaciation history (ice-equivalent sea level), while the magnitude is dominated by Earth parameters (e.g., lithospheric thickness, mantle viscosity). We further investigate whether there is meltwater input during middle to late Holocene and whether the RSL records from Southeast Asia can reveal the meltwater source, like Antarctica.

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Glacial Isostatic Adjustment modelling: historical perspectives, recent advances, and future directions

10.5194/esurf-2018-6 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Pippa L. Whitehouse

Keyword(s):

Solid Earth ◽

Sea Level ◽

Measurement Techniques ◽

Ice Sheets ◽

Order Effects ◽

System Modelling ◽

Glacial Isostatic Adjustment ◽

Future Directions ◽

Historical Perspectives ◽

Isostatic Adjustment

Abstract. Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (GIA) describes the response of the solid Earth, the gravitational field, and consequently the oceans to the growth and decay of the global ice sheets. It is a process that takes place relatively rapidly, triggering 100 m-scale changes in sea level and solid Earth deformation over just a few tens of thousands of years. Indeed, the first-order effects of GIA could already be quantified several hundred years ago without reliance on precise measurement techniques and scientists have been developing a unifying theory for the observations for over 200 years. Progress towards this goal required a number of significant breakthroughs to be made, including the recognition that ice sheets were once more extensive, the solid Earth changes shape over time, and gravity plays a central role in determining the pattern of sea-level change. This article describes in detail the historical development of the field of GIA and an overview of the processes involved. Significant recent progress has been made as concepts associated with GIA have begun to be incorporated into parallel fields of research; these advances are discussed, along with the role that GIA is likely to play in addressing outstanding research questions within the field of Earth system modelling.

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Late Holocene sea-level changes and isostasy in western Denmark

Quaternary Research ◽

10.1016/j.yqres.2006.05.004 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 66 (2) ◽

pp. 288-302 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

W. Roland Gehrels ◽

Katie Szkornik ◽

Jesper Bartholdy ◽

Jason R. Kirby ◽

Sarah L. Bradley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Marsh ◽

Sea Level ◽

Salt Marshes ◽

Late Holocene ◽

Glacial Isostatic Adjustment ◽

Sea Level Changes ◽

Relative Sea Level ◽

Isostatic Adjustment ◽

Tidal Embayment ◽

Made In

AbstractCores and exposed cliff sections in salt marshes around Ho Bugt, a tidal embayment in the northernmost part of the Danish Wadden Sea, were subjected to 14C dating and litho- and biostratigraphical analyses to reconstruct paleoenvironmental changes and to establish a late Holocene relative sea-level history. Four stages in the late Holocene development of Ho Bugt can be identified: (1) groundwater-table rise and growth of basal peat (from at least 2300 BC to AD 0); (2) salt-marsh formation (0 to AD 250); (3) a freshening phase (AD 250 to AD 1600?), culminating in the drying out of the marshes and producing a distinct black horizon followed by an aeolian phase with sand deposition; and (4) renewed salt-marsh deposition (AD 1600? to present). From 16 calibrated AMS radiocarbon ages on fossil plant fragments and 4 calibrated conventional radiocarbon ages on peat, we reconstructed a local relative sea-level history that shows a steady sea-level rise of 4 m since 4000 cal yr BP. Contrary to suggestions made in the literature, the relative sea-level record of Ho Bugt does not contain a late Holocene highstand. Relative sea-level changes at Ho Bugt are controlled by glacio-isostatic subsidence and can be duplicated by a glacial isostatic adjustment model in which no water is added to the world's oceans after ca. 5000 cal yr BP.

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Relative sea-level data from the SEAMIS database compared to ICE-5G model predictions of glacial isostatic adjustment

Data in Brief ◽

10.1016/j.dib.2019.104600 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 27 ◽

pp. 104600 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Thomas Mann ◽

Maren Bender ◽

Thomas Lorscheid ◽

Paolo Stocchi ◽

Matteo Vacchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sea Level ◽

Glacial Isostatic Adjustment ◽

Relative Sea Level ◽

Isostatic Adjustment ◽

Level Data ◽

Model Predictions

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Holocene sea-level changes along the North Carolina Coastline and their implications for glacial isostatic adjustment models

Quaternary Science Reviews ◽

10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.02.002 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 28 (17-18) ◽

pp. 1725-1736 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

B.P. Horton ◽

W.R. Peltier ◽

S.J. Culver ◽

R. Drummond ◽

S.E. Engelhart ◽

...

Keyword(s):

North Carolina ◽

Sea Level ◽

Glacial Isostatic Adjustment ◽

Sea Level Changes ◽

Isostatic Adjustment ◽

The North ◽

Holocene Sea Level

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Glacial isostatic adjustment, relative sea level history and mantle viscosity: reconciling relative sea level model predictions for the U.S. East coast with geological constraints

Geophysical Journal International ◽

10.1093/gji/ggv066 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 201 (2) ◽

pp. 1156-1181 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Keven Roy ◽

W.R. Peltier

Keyword(s):

Sea Level ◽

East Coast ◽

Glacial Isostatic Adjustment ◽

Relative Sea Level ◽

Isostatic Adjustment ◽

Mantle Viscosity ◽

Model Predictions ◽

Level Model ◽

Geological Constraints ◽

The U.S

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Dynamic Topography Change of the Eastern United States Since 3 Million Years Ago

Science ◽

10.1126/science.1229180 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 340 (6140) ◽

pp. 1560-1563 ◽

Cited By ~ 110

Author(s):

David B. Rowley ◽

Alessandro M. Forte ◽

Robert Moucha ◽

Jerry X. Mitrovica ◽

Nathan A. Simmons ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sea Level ◽

Coastal Plain ◽

Mantle Convection ◽

Sedimentary Rocks ◽

Ice Sheets ◽

Glacial Isostatic Adjustment ◽

Eastern United States ◽

Dynamic Topography ◽

Isostatic Adjustment ◽

Global Sea Level

Sedimentary rocks from Virginia through Florida record marine flooding during the mid-Pliocene. Several wave-cut scarps that at the time of deposition would have been horizontal are now draped over a warped surface with a maximum variation of 60 meters. We modeled dynamic topography by using mantle convection simulations that predict the amplitude and broad spatial distribution of this distortion. The results imply that dynamic topography and, to a lesser extent, glacial isostatic adjustment account for the current architecture of the coastal plain and proximal shelf. This confounds attempts to use regional stratigraphic relations as references for longer-term sea-level determinations. Inferences of Pliocene global sea-level heights or stability of Antarctic ice sheets therefore cannot be deciphered in the absence of an appropriate mantle dynamic reference frame.

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Late Holocene Sea-Level Change on Rota and Guam, Mariana Islands, and Its Constraint on Geophysical Predictions

Quaternary Research ◽

10.1006/qres.1993.1071 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 189-200 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Hajime Kayanne ◽

Teruaki Ishii ◽

Eiji Matsumoto ◽

Nobuyuki Yonekura

Keyword(s):

Sea Level ◽

Late Holocene ◽

Sea Level Change ◽

Mariana Islands ◽

Present Level ◽

Sea Level Changes ◽

Radiocarbon Dates ◽

Level Change ◽

Sea Level Variations ◽

Holocene Sea Level

AbstractHolocene emergent reefs and notches are well distributed on Rota and Guam. Relative sea-level changes at these islands are reconstructed based on geomorphological observations and borings on present and emergent reefs, together with 54 radiocarbon dates. Sea level rose gradually to a maximum of 1.8 m between 6000 and 4200 yr B.P. and reached its highest level by 4200 yr B.P. on both islands. After 3200 yr B.P. abrupt uplift caused emergence of the reef. By subtracting the tectonic effect, we obtained the sea-level change in the Marianas: sea level reached its present level by 4200 yr B.P. and has remained almost stable since then. Reconstructed late Holocene sea-level change in the Mariana Islands provides constraints on geophysical models of sea-level variations.

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A Standardized Database of Marine Isotope Stage 5a and 5c Paleo-Shoreline Indicators

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-16399 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Schmitty B. Thompson ◽

Jessica R. Creveling

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

Sea Level ◽

Atlantic Coast ◽

Ice Sheets ◽

Climate Projections ◽

Glacial Isostatic Adjustment ◽

Last Interglacial ◽

Comprehensive Overview ◽

Isostatic Adjustment ◽

The Caribbean

Reconstructions of global mean sea level (GMSL) through interstadials such as Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 5a and 5c provide important constraints on the rates of growth and collapse of major ice sheets during warm periods analogous to future climate projections. These reconstructions rely upon precisely dated geomorphic and sedimentological indicators for past sea level whose present elevations are complicated by tectonics and glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA). Compilations of MIS 5a and 5c paleo-sea level indicators that covering a wide geographic range can be used to minimize misfit with glacial isostatic adjustment models and thereby quantify and refine the convolved contribution of GMSL to the present elevation of paleo-shoreline indicators. Here we present a global compilation of previously published Marine Isotope Stages 5a and 5c local sea level indicators from 39 sites covering three main regions: the Pacific coast of North America, the Atlantic coast of North America and the Caribbean, and far field. We describe the standardized entry of these data into the World Atlas of Last Interglacial Shorelines (WALIS) database. Each entry within the MIS 5a and 5c WALIS database reproduces from the primary literature the indicator elevation, indicative meaning, and geochronology, along with a comprehensive overview of the literature for each site. While MIS 5a and 5c indicators sites are geographically widespread, these data are also patchy and preferentially represent the North American continent and the Caribbean and, hence, regions intermediate and far afield of the contemporaneous ice sheets. While this dataset will support future refinements to MIS 5a and 5c GMSL reconstructions arising from GIA modeling, it also motivates further data collection.

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