Review : Neuropsychopathological changes by organophosphorus compounds — a review

1 Available literature dealing with neuropsychopathologi cal changes after exposure to organophosphate insecti cides is reviewed. 2 Subacute neurological sequelae following acute organophosphate intoxication include the 'intermediate syndrome', probably a myopathy elicited by excess acetylcholine, and the 'organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy' (OPIDN), which is caused by particularly neurotoxic organophosphates that inhibit neuropathy target esterase. 3 Long-term toxic effects affecting behaviour as well as mental and visual functions are occasionally observed after exposure to high doses of organophosphates with repeated acute, clinically significant intoxications. 4 The available data do not indicate that asymptomatic exposure to organophosphates is connected with an increasing risk of delayed or permanent neuro psychopathological effects.

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Adverse effects of antioxidative vitamins

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health ◽

10.2478/s13382-012-0022-x ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Maciej Rutkowski ◽

Krzysztof Grzegorczyk

Keyword(s):

Adverse Effects ◽

Health Effects ◽

Toxic Effects ◽

Medical Applications ◽

Antioxidative Vitamins ◽

Chemical Factors ◽

Term Basis ◽

High Doses ◽

Β Carotene

AbstractHigh doses of synthetic antioxidative vitamins: A, E, C and β-carotene are often used on long-term basis in numerous preventive and therapeutic medical applications. Instead of expected health effects, the use of those vitamins may however lead to cases of hypervitaminosis and even to intoxication. The article points out main principles of safety which are to be observed during supplementation with antioxidative vitamins. Toxic effects resulting from erroneous administration of high doses of those substances on organs and systems of the organism are also discussed. Attention is drawn to interactions of antioxidative vitamins with concomitantly used drugs, as well as intensification of adverse effects caused by various exogenous chemical factors. Moreover, the article presents the evaluation of supplementation with these vitamins, which was performed in large studies.

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1608: Long-Term Treatment with High Doses of Sildenafil Does Not Up-Regulate the Levels of Phosphodiesterase 5 (Pde5) in the Rat Penis

The Journal of Urology ◽

10.1016/s0022-5347(18)38816-5 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 171 (4S) ◽

pp. 424-424 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Monica G. Ferrini ◽

Eliane G. Valente ◽

Jacob Rajfer ◽

Nestor F. Gonzalez-Cadavid

Keyword(s):

Term Treatment ◽

Long Term Treatment ◽

High Doses ◽

Phosphodiesterase 5

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Temporary “liquid” Implant for Congenital Glaucoma (long-term results)

International scientific-practical journal Ophthalmology ◽

10.30702/ophthalmology30092020-11.1.2049-65 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 49-65

Author(s):

N Bobrova ◽

N Trofimova

Keyword(s):

Surgical Treatment ◽

Postoperative Complications ◽

Hypotensive Effect ◽

Congenital Glaucoma ◽

Long Term Results ◽

General Will ◽

Visual Functions ◽

Advanced Stages ◽

Intraocular Fluid

The aim of the work was to analyze the long-term results of using a temporary “liquid” implant in the surgery of congenital glaucoma in children. The basis of the developed method of filtrative antiglaucomatous surgery (Patent of Ukraine No. 45099 of 2009) – viscosinusotrabeculotomy – has been set the task of reducing the risk of developing intra- and postoperative complications, reducing the scarring rate and maintaining the newly created ways of the intraocular ﬂuid outﬂow, which in general will increase the effectiveness of surgical treatment of congenital glaucoma in children. 54 children (91 eyes) with simple congenital glaucoma at the age of 1 to 36 months were operated on average (8.7 ± 8.2) months. The persistent and long-lasting hypotensive effect achieved due to viscosinusotrabeculotomy in children with developed and far-advanced stages of congenital glaucoma stops the processes of stretching of the membranes of the eye and stabilizes their size, which in general allows preserving and visual functions improving, in infancy – creating conditions for their formation.

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Placental Therapy as Panacea: An Insight to Its Therapeutic Potential

Current Traditional Medicine ◽

10.2174/2215083806999201026223652 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 06 ◽

Author(s):

Sayed Md Mumtaz ◽

Madhu Gupta ◽

Ramesh K. Goyal

Keyword(s):

Tissue Regeneration ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Bioactive Components ◽

Biochemical Mechanisms ◽

Clinically Significant ◽

Available Information ◽

Clinical Potential ◽

Placental Extract

Abstract:: The placenta that maintains and regulates the growth of fetus, consists of various biological treasures nutrients such as cytomedines, vitamins, trace elements, amino acids, peptides, growth factors and other biologically active constituents. Their therapeutic usefulness can well define in the terms of biochemical mechanisms of various components present in it. Biomedical waste derived extract is also a panacea for treatment of various diseases. Placental therapy has been reported specifically to have potent action on recovery of diseases and tissue regeneration. Placental bioactive components and their multi targeting identity prompted us to compile the précised information on placental extract products. However, some findings are needed to be explored by scientific community to prove their clinical potential with clinically significant statistical conclusions. In the light of available information and the usefulness of the placental extract, it is necessary for the development of various formulations for various unmet meet for the treatment as well as access their adverse effects as well as contradictions and precisely evaluated in the short and in the long-term periods.

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Long-Term and Short-Term Prognostic Value of Circulating Soluble Suppression of Tumorigenicity-2 Concentration in Chronic Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cardiology ◽

10.1159/000509660 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Guoqi Dong ◽

Hao Chen ◽

Hongru Zhang ◽

Yihuang Gu

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Chronic Heart Failure ◽

Prognostic Value ◽

Web Of Science ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Short Term ◽

Prisma Statement ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Increasing Risk

Introduction: Soluble suppression of tumorigenicity-2 (sST2) has been considered as a prognostic factor of cardiovascular disease. However, the prognostic value of sST2 concentration in chronic heart failure remains to be summarized. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for eligible studies up to January 1, 2020. Data extracted from articles and provided by authors were used in agreement with the PRISMA statement. The endpoints were all-cause mortality (ACM), cardiovascular mortality (CVM)/heart failure-related hospitalization (HFH), and all-cause mortality (ACM)/heart failure-related readmission (HFR). Results: A total of 11 studies with 5,121 participants were included in this analysis. Higher concentration of sST2 predicted the incidence of long-term ACM (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.03, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–1.04), long-term ACM/HFR (HR: 1.42, CI: 1.27–1.59), and long-term CVM/HFH (HR: 2.25, CI: 1.82–2.79), regardless of short-term ACM/HFR (HR: 2.31, CI: 0.71–7.49). Conclusion: Higher sST2 concentration at baseline is associated with increasing risk of long-term ACM, ACM/HFR, and CVM/HFH and can be a tool for the prognosis of chronic heart failure.

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Acetylcholinesterase and Neuropathy Target Esterase Inhibitions in Neuroblastoma Cells to Distinguish Organophosphorus Compounds Causing Acute and Delayed Neurotoxicity

Toxicological Sciences ◽

10.1093/toxsci/38.1.55 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 55-63 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Marion Ehrich ◽

Linda Correll ◽

Bellina Veronesi

Keyword(s):

Organophosphorus Compounds ◽

Neuroblastoma Cells ◽

Neuropathy Target Esterase ◽

Delayed Neurotoxicity

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The Effects of N-Acetylcysteine on the Rat Mesocorticolimbic Pathway: Role of mGluR5 Receptors and Interaction with Ethanol

Pharmaceuticals ◽

10.3390/ph14060593 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. 593

Author(s):

Sandra Fernández-Rodríguez ◽

Claudia Esposito-Zapero ◽

Teodoro Zornoza ◽

Ana Polache ◽

Luis Granero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Behavioral Activation ◽

Ethanol Administration ◽

Metabotropic Receptors ◽

Negative Allosteric Modulator ◽

High Doses ◽

Cell Expression ◽

Mucolytic Agent ◽

Different Doses

N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a prodrug that is marketed as a mucolytic agent and used for the treatment of acetaminophen overdose. Over the last few decades, evidence has been gathered that suggests the potential use of NAC as a new pharmacotherapy for alcohol use disorder (AUD), although its mechanism of action is already being debated. In this paper, we set out to assess both the potential involvement of the glutamate metabotropic receptors (mGluR) in the possible dual effect of NAC administered at two different doses and NAC’s effect on ethanol-induced activation. To this aim, 30 or 120 mg/kg of NAC was intraperitoneally administered to rats with the presence or absence of the negative allosteric modulator of mGluR5 (MTEP 0.1 mg/kg). Thereafter, the cFOS IR-cell expression was analyzed. Secondly, we explored the effect of 120 mg/kg of NAC on the neurochemical and behavioral activation induced by intra-VTA ethanol administration (150 nmol). Our results showed that the high NAC dose stimulated cFOS expression in the NAcc, and that this effect was suppressed in the presence of MTEP, thus suggesting the implication of mGluR5. Additionally, high doses could attenuate the ethanol-induced increase in cFOS-expression in the NAcc, probably due to a phenomenon based on the long-term depression of the MSNs. Additional experiments are required to corroborate our hypothesis.

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Long-term Clinical Results of Carpal Tunnel Release Using Ultrasound Guidance

Hand ◽

10.1177/1558944720988080 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 155894472098808

Author(s):

Braeden M. Leiby ◽

John P. Beckman ◽

Anthony E. Joseph

Keyword(s):

Carpal Tunnel ◽

Ultrasound Guidance ◽

Carpal Tunnel Release ◽

Clinical Results ◽

Satisfaction Score ◽

Global Satisfaction ◽

Us Guidance ◽

Clinically Significant ◽

Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the long-term safety and efficacy of carpal tunnel release (CTR) using ultrasound guidance in a group of patients treated by a single physician. Methods: The study group consisted of 76 consecutive CTRs performed on 47 patients between June 2017 and April 2019 for whom 1-year follow-up was available. All procedures were performed by the same operator using a single CTR technique. Outcomes included complications; Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire symptom severity (BCTQ-SSS) and functional status (BCTQ-FSS) scores; Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QDASH) scores; and a 5-point global satisfaction score (4 = satisfied, 5 = very satisfied). Results: The 47 patients included 27 females and 20 males (ages 31-91 years). Twenty-five patients (50 hands) had simultaneous bilateral CTRs, 4 patients (8 hands) had staged bilateral CTRs, and 18 patients had unilateral CTRs. No complications occurred. Statistically and clinically significant reductions in BCTQ-SSS, BCTQ-FSS, and QDASH scores occurred by 1 to 2 weeks post-CTR and persisted at 1-year (mean 1-year changes vs. pre-CTR -2.11, -1.70, and -44.99, respectively; P < .001 for all). The mean global satisfaction score at 1-year was 4.63. Conclusions: CTR using ultrasound (US) guidance is a safe and effective procedure that produces statistically and clinically significant improvements within 1 to 2 weeks postprocedure that persist to 1 year. Furthermore, simultaneous bilateral CTRs using US guidance are feasible and may be advantageous for patients who are candidates for bilateral CTR.

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