Double trouble: myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries as a presentation of Hughes syndrome in monozygotic twins

Lupus ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 505-508
Author(s):  
A Djokovic ◽  
L Stojanovich ◽  
N Stanisavljevic ◽  
M Popovic ◽  
M Zdravkovic
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Monozygotic Twins ◽  
Monozygotic Twin ◽  
Unique Case ◽  
Pregnancy Morbidity ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Hughes Syndrome

Myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) is a recently described, clinically significant entity, with prevalence rates ranging from 1% to 14% and a mean of 6% of all patients with myocardial infarction. Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS; Hughes syndrome) is characterized by the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies associated with thrombosis (arterial and/or venous) and/or pregnancy morbidity and could be the cause of MINOCA. Data on genetic predisposition to APS are scarce. The present study describes a unique case of monozygotic twin brothers who, at a young age, developed the same clinical presentation of APS. The diagnosis of APS was later confirmed, along with a diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus in one brother.

Myocardial Infarction in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus – the Sex Specific Risk Profile

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Vavlukis ◽  
Daniela Pop-Gjorceva ◽  
Lidija Poposka ◽  
Emilija Sandevska ◽  
Sasko Kedev
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Antiinflammatory Therapy

Background: Accelerated atherosclerosis is widely present in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Objective: The aim of this review is to analyze the relationship between systemic lupus erythematosus and cardiovascular diseases, with the emphasis on acute myocardial infarction. Results: Various molecular mechanisms triggered by infection/inflammation are responsible for endothelial dysfunction and development of atherosclerosis at an earlier age. Contributing factor is the cumulative effect of traditional cardiovascular risk factors interaction with disease related characteristics. Myocardial infarction rates are 2- to 10-fold higher compared to the general population. Young women have the highest relative risk, however, men carry at least 3- fold higher risk than women. Coronary involvement varies from normal coronary artery with thrombosis, coronary microartery vasculitis, coronary arteritis, and coronary atherosclerosis. Typical clinical presentation is observed in men and older women, while atypical is more frequent in young women. Treatment is guided by the underlying mechanism, engaging invasive procedures alone, or accompanied with immunosuppressive and/or antiinflammatory therapy. There are significant gender differences in pathophysiology and clinical presentation. However, they receive the same therapeutic treatments. Conclusion: Systemic lupus erythematosus is a major contributor to atherosclerotic and non-atherosclerotic mechanisms involved in the development of myocardial infarction, which should be taken into account during therapeutic treatment. Although Systemic lupus erythematosus per se is a “female” disease, males are at increased cardiovascular risk and worse outcome. Method: We conducted a literature review through PubMed and Cochrane, using key words: SLE, atherosclerosis, atherothrombosis, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, prognosis, sex specifics.

scholarly journals P1443 Sex differences of coronary physiology can be justified by fractional myocardial mass

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H Y Kim ◽  
K H Kim ◽  
J H Choi
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Gender Difference ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Lower Prevalence ◽  
Myocardial Mass ◽  
Artery Disease

Abstract Background Women has lower prevalence of coronary artery disease but has higher mortality from acute myocardial infarction. The gender difference in the anatomical-physiological relationship may elucidate the gender difference in the clinical presentation of coronary artery disease. Purpose We hypothesized that the gender difference in the anatomical-physiological relationship may elucidate the gender difference in the clinical presentation of coronary artery disease. Background Women has lower prevalence of coronary artery disease but has higher mortality from acute myocardial infarction. The gender difference in the anatomical-physiological relationship may elucidate the gender difference in the clinical presentation of coronary artery disease. Methods In this multicenter registry, 482 patients who underwent coronary CT angiography and fractional flow reserve (FFR) measurement were enrolled. Fractional myocardial mass (FMM, a vessel-specific amount of myocardium) and %FMM (fraction of FMM to whole myocardial mass) was measured in major coronary arteries and branches. FFR and quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) were interrogated in the subset of 772 vessels. The severity of physiological or anatomical stenosis was assessed by FFR and diameter stenosis (DS), respectively. Results In the analysis of all major epicardial arteries (N = 3,833), FMM was lower in women compared to men (p < 0.01, all), but %FMM was similar between women and men (p = NS, all). Among physiologically assessed 772 vessels, compared to men (N = 587), vessels of women (N = 185) showed smaller dimension (reference diameter (RD) = 2.90 ± 0.65 vs 3.14 ± 0.69 mm, minimal luminal diameter (MLD) = 1.30±.0.57 vs 1.40 ± 0.57 mm (p < 0.05, all), similar severity of stenosis (DS = 55% vs 55% p = NS), and higher FFR (0.81 ± 0.13 vs 0.78 ± 0.15, p < 0.001). In subgroup analysis according to the tertiary categories of DS, RD, and MLD, vessels of women showed higher FFR and lower FMM. Generalized estimating equations modeling demonstrated that gender, DS, RD, MLD, and location in left anterior descending artery were not (p = NS, all) but FMM/MLD were significant predictors for FFR ≤ 0.80 (p = 0.021). Conclusions Compared to men, coronary arteries of women are smaller and supply smaller amount of myocardium even after adjusting for vessel size, which may explain overall higher FFR value of women. This gender difference in anatomical-physiological relationship may explain the gender difference in the clinical coronary artery disease. Abstract P1443 Figure.

scholarly journals Clinical Presentation and Management of Myocardial Infarction with Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries (MINOCA): A Literature Review

Heliyon ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. e08362
Author(s):  
Erica Chow ◽  
Brian Diep ◽  
Tatiana Getman ◽  
Amir Kilani ◽  
Bashar Khiatah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Clinical Presentation

Abstract 16404: Allergy Associated Myocardial Infarction: A Comprehensive Review of Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis and Management of Kounis Syndrome

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasios Roumeliotis ◽  
Periklis Davlouros ◽  
Maria Anastasopoulou ◽  
Grigorios Tsigkas ◽  
Georgios Hahalis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Kounis Syndrome ◽  
Normal Coronary Arteries ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Coronary Syndrome

Introduction: Kounis syndrome (KS) is defined as acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in the context of a hypersensitivity reaction. Patients may present with normal coronary arteries (Type I), established coronary artery disease (Type II) or in-stent thrombosis and restenosis (Type III). Hypothesis: We sought to investigate the clinical presentation, underlying pathophysiology, diagnosis and medical management of patients with KS. Methods: We searched PubMed until 1/1/2020 for case reports of KS. Patients with age <18 years, non-coronary vascular manifestations and without an established KS diagnosis were excluded. Information regarding patient demographics, medical history, clinical presentation, allergic reaction trigger, angiographic results as well as management were manually extracted from every report. All data were pulled in a combined data set and descriptive statistics were analyzed. Results: Out of the 269 unique patients with KS, 157 (58.4%) had Type I, 64 (23.8%) Type II and 18 (6.7%) Type III while 30 (11.2%) could not be classified. Their mean age was 54.1 years and 190 (70.6%) were male. The majority presented with a combination of cardiac and allergic symptoms [Panel A] and medication was the most commonly reported trigger [Panel B]. Electrocardiographically, 75.1% of cases had ST segment elevation with only 3.3% demonstrating no abnormalities. Coronary imaging was available in 228 (84.8%) patients showing occlusive lesions (32.5%), vascular spasm (16.2%), or normal coronary arteries (51.3%). Percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting was performed in 70 (29.4%) of the 238 patients with available information. Conclusions: Hypersensitivity induced ACS is most frequently triggered by medications, and the majority of patients have patent coronary arteries suggesting microvascular dysfunction. KS should be considered in the differential diagnosis of myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries.

P881Differences during admission in patients with myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries compared to myocardial infarction with obstructive lesions

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
B Alcon Duran ◽  
J Lopez Pais ◽  
D Galan Gil ◽  
B Izquierdo Coronel ◽  
M J Espinosa Pascual ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction ◽  
Systolic Dysfunction ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction ◽  
Group Position ◽  
St Elevation

Abstract Introduction Myocardial infarction (MI) with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) means a non-negligible proportion of patients (pts) admitted for MI. However, there are still unsolved questions about this entity. The aim of our study is to analyse the differences between the MINOCA group compared with pts admitted for MI with obstructive coronary disease. Method Analytical and observational study developed in a Universitary Hospital, which covers 220.000 individuals. From january-2016 until december-2018 we reviewed all the pts that were admitted for MI who underwent coronariography. MINOCA pts (defined according 2016 ESC Working Group position paper) compared with MI pts with obstructive lesions. Results One hundred and nine from 521 pts admitted for MI in whom a coronariography was performed fulfilled the 2016 ESC criteria of MINOCA (20%). Clinical presentation showed no difference in Killip-Kimball classification (K-K > I was 6.1% in MI with obstructive lesions vs 6.5% in MINOCA pts, p 0.897). Chest pain (Angina) was more frequent in MI with obstructive lesions (82.8% vs 73.4%, p 0.027) and they also had more ST changes (ST elevation 41% vs 24%, p 0.001; ST descent 17% vs 8.3%, p 0.026). MINOCA pts had lower levels of troponine (troponine elevation less than 10 times the 99th percentile: 10.4% vs 26.6%, p<0.001). Left ventricular systolic dysfunction showed no difference neither in the % of pts with ejection fraction lower than 50% (MI with obstructive lesions: 32% vs MINOCA: 34.3%, p 0.659) nor in severe systolic dysfunction (ejection fraction lower than 30%: 4.9% in MI with obstructive lesions vs 7.4% in MINOCA pts, p 0.313). The average stay in MI pts with obstructive lesions was 12.6 days vs 8.9 days in MINOCA pts (p 0.274). Complications during hospital admission occurred in 17.6% of obstructive pts and in 13.8% of MINOCA pts (p 0.335). Only one MINOCA pts (0.9) died during admission compared to 3.4% of MI pts with obstructive lesions, being this result statistically non significant (p 0.213). Conclusions Although MINOCA pts have lower troponine levels and less severe alterations on the EKG, we did not find differences regarding left ventricular function and the rate of complications with hospital mortality that tended to be higher in patients with obstructive lesions.

Studies on the Functionality of Newly Synthesized Fibrinogen after Treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction with Streptokinase, Increase in the Rate of Fibrinopeptide Release

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (06) ◽  
pp. 0978-0983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edelmiro Regano ◽  
Virtudes Vila ◽  
Justo Aznar ◽  
Victoria Lacueva ◽  
Vicenta Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Steady State ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
High Molecular Weight Fraction ◽  
Fibrinopeptide A

SummaryIn 15 patients with acute myocardial infarction who received 1,500,000 U of streptokinase, the gradual appearance of newly synthesized fibrinogen and the fibrinopeptide release during the first 35 h after SK treatment were evaluated. At 5 h the fibrinogen circulating in plasma was observed as the high molecular weight fraction (HMW-Fg). The concentration of HMW-Fg increased continuously, and at 20 h reached values higher than those obtained from normal plasma. HMW-Fg represented about 95% of the total fibrinogen during the first 35 h. The degree of phosphorylation of patient fibrinogen increased from 30% before treatment to 65% during the first 5 h, and then slowly declined to 50% at 35 h.The early rates of fibrinopeptide A (FPA) and phosphorylated fibrinopeptide A (FPAp) release are higher in patient fibrinogen than in isolated normal HMW-Fg and normal fibrinogen after thrombin addition. The early rate of fibrinopeptide B (FPB) release is the same for the three fibrinogen groups. However, the late rate of FPB release is higher in patient fibrinogen than in normal HMW-Fg and normal fibrinogen. Therefore, the newly synthesized fibrinogen clots faster than fibrinogen in the normal steady state.In two of the 15 patients who had occluded coronary arteries after SK treatment the HMW-Fg and FPAp levels increased as compared with the 13 patients who had patent coronary arteries.These results provide some support for the idea that an increased synthesis of fibrinogen in circulation may result in a procoagulant tendency. If this is so, the HMW-Fg and FPAp content may serve as a risk index for thrombosis.

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