scholarly journals A desire for authoritative science? How citizens’ informational needs and epistemic beliefs shaped their views of science, news, and policymaking in the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 096366252110053
Author(s):  
Senja Post ◽  
Nils Bienzeisler ◽  
Mareike Lohöfener
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Management ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Epistemic Beliefs ◽  
Scientific Advice ◽  
Informational Needs ◽  
Gender Education ◽  
Science News ◽  
The Media ◽  
Theories Of Science

The coronavirus pandemic created a situation in which virological and epidemiological science became highly politically relevant but was uncertain and fragmented. This raises the question as to how science could inform policymaking and public debate on societal crisis management. Based on an online survey of Germans ( N = 1513) representative for age, gender, education, and place of residence, we investigate citizens’ prescriptive views of the relationships between science, policymaking, and the media. Views differ depending on their informational needs and epistemic beliefs. People with a need for definite information and a view of scientific knowledge as static wanted scientists to dominate policymaking and journalists to deliver definite information about the coronavirus. People with an informational need to construct their own opinions wanted journalists to question policy and scientific advice. Furthermore, they rejected the idea of scientists dominating policymaking. Results are discussed with reference to theories of science and democracy.

scholarly journals Crisis Communication Preparedness Practices Among U.S. Charitable Organizations: Results From a National Survey

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 215824402110145
Author(s):  
Ryan P. Fuller ◽  
Antonio La Sala
Keyword(s):  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Crisis Management ◽  
Crisis Communication ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Word Of Mouth ◽  
Negative Word ◽  
Organizational Crisis ◽  
Crisis Planning ◽  
Charitable Organizations ◽  
Major Stakeholder

Organizations should prepare for crises, through identifying crisis concerns, having written crisis communication plans, and designating teams for crisis planning and response, for example. Nonprofit organizations, which represent an important sector of U.S. society, are no different in needing to prepare, but to date, a review of their crisis communication preparedness is lacking. Therefore, a national online survey of 2,005 U.S. charitable organizations was administered to determine nonprofit organizations’ adoption of an anticipatory perspective of crisis management. The anticipatory perspective shifts the organization’s focus from reaction to crises to anticipation of them. According to the survey, 75% of organizations reported at least one organizational crisis in the 24 months prior to taking the survey (circa 2017–2019). Loss of a major stakeholder was the most common organizational crisis that had occurred and the greatest future concern. Most nonprofits (97.5%) reported implementing some crisis communication preparedness tactics. Importantly, charitable organizations can enact communication preparedness tactics without significantly detracting from program delivery. Moreover, given the general concerns within the sector, nonprofit organizations should prepare specifically for loss of a major stakeholder and technologically created crises such as data breaches and negative word of mouth on social media.

Moving Into the Media World: The Moral Psychology of Emerging Adults in Journalism and Communication

2021 ◽  
pp. 107769582199224
Author(s):  
David A. Craig ◽  
Patrick Lee Plaisance ◽  
Erin Schauster ◽  
Ryan J. Thomas ◽  
Chris Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Moral Psychology ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Moral Identity ◽  
Ethical Ideology ◽  
Transitional Stage ◽  
Virtuous Character ◽  
Recent Graduates ◽  
The Media

A growing body of psychology-based scholarship identifies emerging adulthood as a distinct, transitional stage of life and work characterized by several features, wherein relatively little is known regarding moral development. This study is part of a 3-year, longitudinal project involving recent graduates across six U.S. universities who studied journalism and media-related fields. Guided by emerging adulthood, moral psychology, and media exemplar research, this study analyzes results for 110 graduates who completed an online survey regarding their personality traits, virtuous character, moral reasoning, and ethical ideology. It constitutes the first detailed portrait of moral identity of emerging adults in media-related fields.

‘No-one else wears one’: Exploring farmer attitudes towards All- Terrain Vehicle helmets using the COM-B model.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Irwin ◽  
Jana Mihulkova ◽  
Stephanie Berkeley ◽  
Ilinca-Ruxandra Tone
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Control ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Helmet Use ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Farmer Attitudes ◽  
Barriers And Enablers ◽  
Attitudinal Factors ◽  
The Media ◽  
Injury Research

Introduction: All-Terrain Vehicles (ATV) are a popular piece of farming machinery but are sadly linked to many fatalities and injuries every year. Despite evidence that ATV helmets reduce the risk of serious or fatal injury, research suggests that few farmers wear them. The aim of this study was to explore farmer attitudes towards ATV helmets, using the COM-B model as a framework, to identify key barriers and enablers of helmet use and suggest potential interventions to increase helmet use in agriculture. Methods: A mixed-methods online survey featuring quantitative and qualitative questions was used to explore key attitudinal factors relevant to farmer helmet wearing. A total of 211 UK and Irish farmers were recruited, including farm owners, managers, workers and contractors.Results: Personal exemption from risk, emotional benefits, cognitive barriers and guideline prompts were all found to be significant predictors of farmer helmet wearing. Key categories within the qualitative data indicated that helmet properties, risk perception, farming culture and the farming environment could all function as barriers to helmet wearing. Suggested enablers of helmet use included increasing helmet availability and enhancing awareness of the consequences of ATV accidents. Conclusions: The key barriers and enablers presented within this paper highlight the relevance of capability (helmet design, time pressure), opportunity (social norms) and motivation (perceived control of risk) when considering farmer helmet wearing behaviours. In order to encourage farmers to wear helmets it will be necessary to design specific interventions using the behaviour change wheel. Practical applications: Key interventions to prompt helmet use include the inclusion of more cues to prompt helmet wearing (e.g. stickers on the ATV), enhanced training and education, and modelling (e.g. key farming figures shown to wear helmets in the media).

scholarly journals Epistemic beliefs as a determinant in evidence-based practice in physiotherapy – a Multi-Country (Europe) Cross-Sectional Online Survey Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Christiaan Beenen ◽  
Dario Filiputti ◽  
Erna Rosenlund Meyer ◽  
Lidia Carballo-Costa ◽  
Patricia Maria Duarte de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
Epistemic Beliefs ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Professional Values of Future Journalists

2019 ◽  
pp. 398-406
Author(s):  
Natalya Antonova ◽  
Viktoria Khafizova
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Professional Values ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Journalism Ethics ◽  
Information Distortion ◽  
The Media ◽  
Journalism Students

The paper deals with professional values of journalism students. The grounds for research are the transformation of values in journalists’ professional activity that occurs under conditions of society mediatization and development of new information and communication technologies. The consequences of this transformation include problems like publication of non-validated / non-authentic information, distortion of facts, imposing a false agenda. Media experts are engaged in active debates on preserving the journalists’ professional ethics. In this regard, a need emerges to study professional and value orientations of students – future journalists who are beginning to get acquainted with this profession at a higher education institution. The object of our research was students from Journalism Faculty of the Ural Federal University and the University for Humanities. The research included an online survey of students (n = 202), as well as two interviews with Faculty Heads for profound understanding of the situation in the contemporary journalism education. The findings evidence that fact checking, accuracy and integrity are among the top professional values of journalism students. A journalist, in students’ view, is an innovator capable of creating unique content; their purpose is disclosing the truth and helping people. We can therefore conclude that students respond to value demands of the media environment and at the same time they are oriented at reproducing the traditional principles of journalism ethics, despite media experts’ doubts of preserving professional values in contemporary journalism.

scholarly journals News Media Exposure and Political Communication among Libyan Elites at the Time of War

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 330-339
Author(s):  
Abdul-Karim Ziani ◽  
Mokhtar Elareshi ◽  
Khalid Al-Jaber
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Political Communication ◽  
News Media ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Political Awareness ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
News Sources ◽  
The Media

Abstract Many critical questions concerning the relationship between the news media and political knowledge involve the extent to which the media facilitate learning about news, war and politics. Political awareness - via the news media - affects virtually every aspect of citizens’ political attitudes and behaviours. This paper examines how Libyan elites adopt the news media to access news and information regarding the current Libyan war and politics and how they use political communication and new media to build/spread political awareness. With the expansion of private and state-owned television in Libya, concern has grown that these new TV services will survive in providing information about citizens’ interests, including the new, developing political scene. A total of 134 highly educated Libyan professionals completed an online survey, reporting their perceptions of issues covered by national TV services. This account centres on how those elites consume the media and what level of trust they have in the media and in information and what the role of the media in their country should be. The results show that most respondents, especially those who live outside the country, prefer using different Libyan news platforms. However, 50 per cent of these do not trust these channels as a source of information regarding the civil war, associated conflicts and politics in general. They have grown weary of coverage that represents the interests of those who run or own the services and consequently place little trust in the media. Spreading ‘lies as facts’ has affected the credibility of these services. Politically, these respondents wish the media to discuss solutions and act as a force for good, not for division. They also differed in the number and variety of national news sources that they reportedly used. This paper also highlights the role of social media, mobile telephony and the Internet, as well as the rapidly proliferating private and national media. These findings are also discussed in relation to the growing impact of online sources in Libyan society, social and political change and the emergence of new media platforms as new sources of information.

Media Use during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Pathogenic or salutogenic? (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjolaine Rivest-Beauregard ◽  
Justine Fortin ◽  
Connie Guo ◽  
Sabrina Cipolletta ◽  
Ram Sapkota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Path Model ◽  
Social Media Use ◽  
Related Information ◽  
The Media ◽  
Support Seeking ◽  
Peritraumatic Distress

BACKGROUND While exposure to COVID-related stressors, level of peritraumatic distress, and frequency of media use for seeking COVID-related information can increase the risk for trauma- and stressor-related (TSR) symptoms during the pandemic, frequency of social media use for support and connection may buffer these effects. OBJECTIVE We examined the associations between COVID-related stressors and frequency of media use for information-seeking on TSR symptoms, with a focus on the indirect effects of social media use for support-seeking and peritraumatic distress. METHODS A path model was tested in an international sample of 5 913 adults who completed an online survey. RESULTS COVID-related stressors (β = .25, p <.05) and information-seeking through media (β = .24, p <.05) were significantly associated with TSR symptoms in bivariate comparisons. Levels of peritraumatic distress and frequency of social media use for support were significant intermediary variables (respectively, β=0.71, p<.05; β=.02, p<.05). CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that exposure to COVID-related stressors and seeking COVID-related information through the media are associated with higher levels of peritraumatic distress and, in turn, higher levels of TSR symptoms. Although exposure to the stress of the COVID-19 pandemic may be unavoidable, the frequency consuming COVID-related information through the media should be approached with caution. CLINICALTRIAL NA

scholarly journals Learning From Science News via Interactive and Animated Data Visualizations: An Investigation Combining Eye Tracking, Online Survey, and Cued Retrospective Reporting

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 803-828
Author(s):  
Esther Greussing ◽  
Sabrina Heike Kessler ◽  
Hajo G. Boomgaarden
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Higher Learning ◽  
News Article ◽  
Science News ◽  
Multimethod Approach ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
Retrospective Reporting ◽  
Data Visualizations

Relying on a multimethod approach with eye tracking, cued retrospective reporting, and a memory test, this experimental study ( N = 45) shows how individuals engage with static, interactive, and interactive-animated data visualizations embedded in online science news. The results suggest that interactivity and animation engage participants most strongly: The second part of the news article is fixated the longest by participants exposed to the interactive-animated visualization, which translates into higher learning outcomes. However, the dynamic process of news reception requires a nuanced understanding of how users attend to visual and textual parts of a message to make informed statements about their effectiveness.

scholarly journals A New State of Surveillance? Applying Michel Foucault to Modern Motherhood

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 231-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angie C Henderson ◽  
Sandra M Harmon ◽  
Jeffrey Houser
Keyword(s):  
Michel Foucault ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Important Influence ◽  
Survey Tool ◽  
The Media ◽  
Interpersonal Level

This project analyzed how "New Momism" (Douglas and Michaels 2004) is perpetuated among contemporary mothers. Previous work has argued that New Momism is most powerfully represented through the media. Our results indicate that New Momism is also practiced intensively on an interpersonal level via Michel Foucault's (1975) Panoptic stage of punishment: post-structuralist surveillance. We analyzed data from a snowball sample of 323 mothers through an online survey tool. Results indicate that while the media remains an important influence, the strongest predictors of New Momism are surveillance of fellow moms and surveillance of self through guilt. Results are discussed in light of Foucault's conceptualization of post-structuralist surveillance.

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