Toward an Integrative Model of Sources of Personality Stability and Change

There is now compelling evidence that people’s typical patterns of thinking, feeling, striving, and behaving are both consistent and malleable. Therefore, researchers have begun to examine the distinct sources of personality stability and change. In this article, we discuss traditional classifications of sources, review key findings, and highlight limitations and open questions in research on personality stability and change. We conclude by describing an integrative model and by outlining important directions for future research.

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The Behavioural Genetics of Personality Development in Adulthood—Classic, Contemporary, and Future Trends

European Journal of Personality ◽

10.1002/per.1957 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 244-255 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

Wiebke Bleidorn ◽

Christian Kandler ◽

Avshalom Caspi

Keyword(s):

Personality Traits ◽

Personality Development ◽

Environmental Influences ◽

Genetic Research ◽

Adult Life ◽

Future Research ◽

Genetic Studies ◽

Personality Psychology ◽

Stability And Change ◽

Personality Stability

Behavioural genetic research has led to important advances in the field of personality psychology. When carried out on longitudinal data, behavioural genetic studies also offer promising ways to examine the genetic and environmental origins of personality stability and change. Here, we review the findings of longitudinal twin studies, discuss their implications for our understanding of adult personality development, and point out open questions that need to be addressed by future research. Three general conclusions stand out. First, there is a strong and relatively stable genetic foundation of individual differences in personality throughout the adult life span; second, environmental influences become more important and contribute to an increasing rank–order stability of personality traits from early to middle adulthood; and third, both genetic and nonshared environmental influences contribute to both stability and change in personality traits. Equipped with this knowledge, the most urgent tasks for the next generation of behavioural genetic studies on personality development will be to (i) identify measurable environmental factors that matter and (ii) to capture the interplay between genetic and environmental influences on personality stability and change throughout adulthood. Copyright © 2014 European Association of Personality Psychology

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Economic Models of Optimism: What Does the Evidence Say?

Cuadernos Económicos de ICE ◽

10.32796/cice.2020.99.7008 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Adrián Caballero ◽

Raúl López-Pérez

Keyword(s):

Economic Models ◽

Empirical Literature ◽

Future Research ◽

Compelling Evidence ◽

Open Questions

Recent economic models define a (non-Bayesian) optimist as someone whose beliefs and expectations are typically “too rosy”, in the sense that her priors and the evidence objectively available statistically warrant a more negative outlook. This paper reviews the existing empirical literature on optimism to assess the empirical relevance of those models. While there exists abundant and compelling evidence in favor of motivated inference, i.e., that preferences shape beliefs, the support for the most specific predictions of the economic models seems mixed, if not negative. We discuss open questions and opportunities for future research

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Political psychology in the digital (mis)information age: A model of news belief and sharing

10.31234/osf.io/u5yts ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jay Joseph Van Bavel ◽

Elizabeth Ann Harris ◽

Philip Pärnamets ◽

Steve Rathje ◽

Kimberly Doell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cognitive Psychology ◽

Information Age ◽

Policy Research ◽

Integrative Model ◽

Future Research ◽

Fake News ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Conspiracy Theories ◽

The Social

The spread of misinformation, including “fake news,” propaganda, and conspiracy theories, represents a serious threat to society, as it has the potential to alter beliefs, behavior, and policy. Research is beginning to disentangle how and why misinformation is spread and identify processes that contribute to this social problem. We propose an integrative model to understand the social, political, and cognitive psychology risk factors that underlie the spread of misinformation and highlight strategies that might be effective in mitigating this problem. However, the spread of misinformation is a rapidly growing and evolving problem; thus scholars need to identify and test novel solutions, and work with policy makers to evaluate and deploy these solutions. Hence, we provide a roadmap for future research to identify where scholars should invest their energy in order to have the greatest overall impact.

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Further investigations on Fujimoto type strong uniqueness polynomials

Filomat ◽

10.2298/fil1716203b ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 31 (16) ◽

pp. 5203-5216

Author(s):

Abhijit Banerjee ◽

Bikash Chakraborty ◽

Sanjay Mallick

Keyword(s):

Meromorphic Functions ◽

Future Research ◽

Strong Uniqueness ◽

Open Questions

Taking the question posed by the first author in [1] into background, we further exhaust-ably investigate existing Fujimoto type Strong Uniqueness Polynomial for Meromorphic functions (SUPM). We also introduce a new kind of SUPM named Restricted SUPM and exhibit some results which will give us a new direction to discuss the characteristics of a SUPM. Moreover, throughout the paper, we pose a number of open questions for future research.

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Can neuroscience help to understand narcissism? A systematic review of an emerging field

Personality Neuroscience ◽

10.1017/pen.2021.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

Author(s):

Emanuel Jauk ◽

Philipp Kanske

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Interpersonal Functioning ◽

Integrative Model ◽

Experimental Investigations ◽

Future Research ◽

Pathological Narcissism ◽

Ego Threat ◽

Self Reports ◽

And Behavior

Abstract Narcissism is a Janusian personality construct, associated with both grandiose self-assuredness and dominance, as well as vulnerable insecurity and reactivity. Central questions of intra- and interpersonal functioning in narcissism are still a matter of debate. Neuroscience could help to understand the paradoxical patterns of experience and behavior beyond the limitations of self-reports. We provide a systematic review of 34 neuroscience studies on grandiose, vulnerable, pathological narcissism, and Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD), spanning experimental investigations of intra- and interpersonal mechanisms, research on neurophysiological and neuroendocrine aspects of baseline function, and brain structural correlates. While neuroscience has scarcely directly studied vulnerable narcissism, grandiose narcissism is associated with heightened vigilance to ego threat and stress responses following ego threat, as well as heightened stress indicators in baseline measures. Such responses are not commonly observed in self-reports, highlighting the potential of neuroscience to augment our understanding of self-regulatory dynamics in narcissism. Interpersonal functioning is characterized by deficits in social–affective processes. Both involve altered activity within the salience network, pointing to a double dissociation regarding the expression of narcissism and self/other oriented situational focus. Findings are summarized in an integrative model providing testable hypotheses for future research along with methodological recommendations.

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Hepatic stellate cells: current state and open questions

Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1515/hsz-2021-0180 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Claus Kordes ◽

Hans H. Bock ◽

Doreen Reichert ◽

Petra May ◽

Dieter Häussinger

Keyword(s):

Hepatic Stellate Cells ◽

Stellate Cells ◽

Essential Elements ◽

Future Research ◽

Heinrich Heine ◽

Current State ◽

Open Questions ◽

Sinusoidal Endothelium ◽

Cell Niche ◽

Space Of Disse

Abstract This review article summarizes 20 years of our research on hepatic stellate cells within the framework of two collaborative research centers CRC575 and CRC974 at the Heinrich Heine University. Over this period, stellate cells were identified for the first time as mesenchymal stem cells of the liver, and important functions of these cells in the context of liver regeneration were discovered. Furthermore, it was determined that the space of Disse – bounded by the sinusoidal endothelium and hepatocytes – functions as a stem cell niche for stellate cells. Essential elements of this niche that control the maintenance of hepatic stellate cells have been identified alongside their impairment with age. This article aims to highlight previous studies on stellate cells and critically examine and identify open questions and future research directions.

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The DEAH helicase DHX36 and its role in G-quadruplex-dependent processes

Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1515/hsz-2020-0292 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Philipp Schult ◽

Katrin Paeschke

Keyword(s):

Current Knowledge ◽

Future Research ◽

Transcriptional Level ◽

Cellular Functions ◽

Multiple Functions ◽

Open Questions ◽

G Quadruplex ◽

Cellular Pathways ◽

Nucleic Acid Structures ◽

Dependent Processes

AbstractDHX36 is a member of the DExD/H box helicase family, which comprises a large number of proteins involved in various cellular functions. Recently, the function of DHX36 in the regulation of G-quadruplexes (G4s) was demonstrated. G4s are alternative nucleic acid structures, which influence many cellular pathways on a transcriptional and post-transcriptional level. In this review we provide an overview of the current knowledge about DHX36 structure, substrate specificity, and mechanism of action based on the available models and crystal structures. Moreover, we outline its multiple functions in cellular homeostasis, immunity, and disease. Finally, we discuss the open questions and provide potential directions for future research.

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Second language structural priming: A critical review and directions for future research

Second language Research ◽

10.1177/0267658317746207 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 539-552 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Carrie N. Jackson

Keyword(s):

Second Language ◽

Future Research ◽

Structural Priming ◽

Cognitive Mechanisms ◽

L2 Acquisition ◽

Current State ◽

Current Review ◽

Open Questions ◽

Key Issues ◽

State Of Research

The last 15 years has seen a tremendous growth in research on structural priming among second language (L2) speakers. Structural priming is the phenomenon whereby speakers are more likely to repeat a structure they have recently heard or produced. Research on L2 structural priming speaks to key issues regarding the underlying linguistic and cognitive mechanisms that support L2 acquisition and use, and the extent to which lexical and grammatical information are shared across an L2 speaker’s languages. As the number of researchers investigating L2 priming and its implications for L2 learning continues to grow, it is important to assess the current state of research in this area and establish directions for continued inquiry. The goal of the current review is to provide an overview of recent research on within-language L2 structural priming, with an eye towards the open questions that remain.

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Moral Dilemmas and Existential Issues Encountered Both in Psychotherapy and Philosophical Counseling Practices

Europe’s Journal of Psychology ◽

10.5964/ejop.v11i3.1010 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 509-521 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Beatrice A. Popescu

Keyword(s):

Moral Dilemmas ◽

Face Validity ◽

Integrative Model ◽

Sentence Completion ◽

Future Research ◽

Systematic Research ◽

Completion Test ◽

Therapy Room ◽

Axis I ◽

Existential Issues

This paper stems from clinical observations and empirical data collected in the therapy room over six years. It investigates the relationship between psychotherapy and philosophical counseling, proposing an integrative model of counseling. During cognitive behavior therapy sessions with clients who turn to therapy in order to solve their clinical issues, the author noticed that behind most of the invalidating symptoms classified by the DSM-5 as depression, anxiety, hypochondriac and phobic complaints, usually lies a lack of existential meaning or existential scope and clients are also tormented by moral dilemmas. Following the anamnestic interview and the psychological evaluation, rarely the depression or anxiety diagnosed on Axis I is purely just a sum of invalidating symptoms, which may disappear if treated symptomatically. When applying the Sentence Completion Test, an 80 items test of psychodynamic origin and high-face validity, most of the clients report an entire plethora of conscious or unconscious motivations, distorted cognitions or irrational thinking but also grave existential themes such as scope or meaning of life, professional identity, fear of death, solitude and loneliness, freedom of choice and liberty. Same issues are approached in the philosophical counseling practice, but no systematic research has been done yet in the field. Future research and investigation is needed in order to assess the importance of moral dilemmas and existential issues in both practices.

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