Revisiting BISFT Summer School 1998, The College of St Mark and St John Plymouth, ‘Women Facing the Boundaries of Difference’

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-269
Author(s):  
Mary Grey
Keyword(s):  
Golden Age ◽  
Summer School ◽  
Garden Of Eden ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Second Wave

In her paper Expelled Again from Eden: Facing Difference through Connection, delivered in Plymouth in 1998, Mary Grey said the story of the Garden of Eden was a dilemma for Feminist Theologians. This because it both bears responsibility for the Fall of relationship between God and Man and the misogyny that has ensued through the ages but also underpinning the desire to return to a supposed golden age of matriarchy with the re-emergence of the Goddess and a related ecological and egalitarian epoch of harmony. Grey makes a connection between the Lost Garden myth and the second wave feminist ideal of global sisterhood of the 1960s. Reflecting on her paper and updating it later, Grey concluded she still felt the challenge of years ago: the sense of rightness of connection and mutuality, yet the crucial need to embrace difference.

18. Strategic Studies and its Critics

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Columba Peoples
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Golden Age ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Nuclear Strategy ◽  
Critical Approaches ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Strategic Studies

This chapter examines the criticisms levelled at strategic studies from the ‘Golden Age’ of nuclear strategy through to contemporary critiques. The ‘Golden Age’ of strategic studies between the mid-1950s and mid-1960s saw the rise of a new breed of ‘second wave’ civilian strategists that favoured the incorporation of game theory and systems analysis into the study of nuclear strategy and deterrence. The chapter first considers prominent critical appraisals of deterrence theory in the 1960s and how these critiques were subsequently addressed by proponents of strategic theory. It then discusses critical approaches to the study of security that presented a challenge to strategic studies and its various assumptions. It also analyses the current status of the relationship between strategic studies and its critics, along with the important role that critical engagement might play in the future development of strategic studies.

ILLUSTRATION AND WRITER: THE PROBLEM OF CREATIVE COMMUNICATION (MAXIM GORKY AND PAINTERS)

2019 ◽  
pp. 38-52
Author(s):  
Lola Zvonareva ◽  
Oleg Zvonarev
Keyword(s):  
Golden Age ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Maxim Gorky

The article deals with graphic illustrations of M. Gorky’s works as well as problems of the writer’s creative communication with the illustrators. In the article the authors specify Gorky’s requirements to the illustrators and demonstrate a unique creative approach to the works illustration that was developed even during M. Gorky’s life due to his aspirations, which has been maintained by contemporary illustrators of his books. The article notes that the first illustrations of M. Gorky’s prose were created by emigrant artists, namely by Jean Lébédeff who illustrated four stories by M. Gorky published in 1000 copies in Paris (1921). The authors single out B.A. Dekhteryov, D.A. Shmarinov, N.N. Kupriyanov, A.A. Brei, V.M. Konashevich, the Kukryniksy, U.A. Molokanov, N.M. Kochergin and A.Z. Itkin as the most significant illustrators of Gorky’s prose. The authors have proved that the present-day publications of M. Gorky’s works lack illustrations and no artists are engaged in the illustration process. Sometimes Russian publishers use successful unique illustrations created by the illustrators of the 1960s. They have performed original graphic cycles that even today remain modern. On the contrary, illustrated children books are published with artwork of the artists worked in the 1970s during the golden age of children literature illustration. Nowadays these illustrations are sometimes selected without any sense. At the same time, the last years many illustrators of M. Gorky’s children prose follow B. Dekhteryov’s experience offering their readers detailed, realistic and psychologically adjusted portraits of the main characters depicted at the culmination points of the plot.

Tools of Transformation: Appropriate Technology in U.S. Countercultural Literature

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-93
Author(s):  
Peter Mortensen
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Environmental Transformation ◽  
Buckminster Fuller ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Environmentally Sound ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Second Wave

This essay takes its cue from second-wave ecocriticism and from recent scholarly interest in the “appropriate technology” movement that evolved during the 1960s and 1970s in California and elsewhere. “Appropriate technology” (or AT) refers to a loosely-knit group of writers, engineers and designers active in the years around 1970, and more generally to the counterculture’s promotion, development and application of technologies that were small-scale, low-cost, user-friendly, human-empowering and environmentally sound. Focusing on two roughly contemporary but now largely forgotten American texts Sidney Goldfarb’s lyric poem “Solar-Heated-Rhombic-Dodecahedron” (1969) and Gurney Norman’s novel Divine Right’s Trip (1971)—I consider how “hip” literary writers contributed to eco-technological discourse and argue for the 1960s counterculture’s relevance to present-day ecological concerns. Goldfarb’s and Norman’s texts interest me because they conceptualize iconic 1960s technologies—especially the Buckminster Fuller-inspired geodesic dome and the Volkswagen van—not as inherently alienating machines but as tools of profound individual, social and environmental transformation. Synthesizing antimodernist back-to-nature desires with modernist enthusiasm for (certain kinds of) machinery, these texts adumbrate a humanity- and modernity-centered post-wilderness model of environmentalism that resonates with the dilemmas that we face in our increasingly resource-impoverished, rapidly warming and densely populated world.

The Revival of Quantification: Reflections on Old New Histories

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Steven Ruggles
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social History ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Century ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Second Wave

AbstractQuantitative historical analysis in the United States surged in three distinct waves. The first quantitative wave occurred as part of the “New History” that blossomed in the early twentieth century and disappeared in the 1940s and 1950s with the rise of consensus history. The second wave thrived from the 1960s to the 1980s during the ascendance of the New Economic History, the New Political History, and the New Social History, and died out during the “cultural turn” of the late twentieth century. The third wave of historical quantification—which I call the revival of quantification—emerged in the second decade of the twenty-first century and is still underway. I describe characteristics of each wave and discuss the historiographical context of the ebb and flow of quantification in history.

Write Your Mother

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda C. Seaman
Keyword(s):  
Literary History ◽  
Japanese Women ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
Second Wave Feminism ◽  
Meiji Era ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Second Wave

This chapter traces the literary history of Japanese women writing about pregnancy and childbirth, focusing on two key figures in this development. The first is Meiji-era poet Yosano Akiko whose works explored her experiences as an expectant mother and highlighted the unsettling aspects of pregnancy. While Yosano’s works permitted the literary treatment of formerly taboo issues, later writers rejected her lead, instead treating pregnancy as the prelude to motherhood, as a quasi-sacred moment. This persisted until the 1960s and 70s, when writers influenced by second-wave feminism challenged patriarchal society, rejecting the roles of wife and mother. The second was Tsushima Yuko, whose novels and stories explored alternative, mother-centered family models. Since then, writing about pregnancy rests on these two authors: on one side, treatments of pregnancy that emphasize the alien and the disquieting, and on the other, more ironic works, focusing upon the self-assertive and individualistic nature of childbearing.

Hollywood Can’t Wait: Elaine May and the Delusions of 1970s American Cinema

2019 ◽  
pp. 41-62
Author(s):  
Maya Montañez Smukler
Keyword(s):  
Women Directors ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
American Cinema ◽  
New Hollywood ◽  
Second Wave Feminism ◽  
Feminist Film ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
First Time ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Made In

Elaine May began her career as a filmmaker during the 1970s when the mythology of the New Hollywood male auteur defined the decade; and the number of women directors, boosted by second wave feminism, increased for the first time in forty years. May’s interest in misfit characters, as socially awkward as they were delusional, and her ability to seamlessly move them between comedy and drama, typified the New Hollywood protagonist who captured America’s uneasy transition from the hopeful rebellion of the 1960s into the narcissistic angst of the 1970s. However, the filmmaker’s reception, which culminated in the critical lambast of her comeback film Ishtar in 1987, was uneven: her battles with studio executives are legendary; feminist film critics railed against her depiction of female characters; and a former assistant claimed she set back women directors by her inability to meet deadlines. This chapter investigates Elaine May’s career within the lore 1970s Hollywood to understand the industrial and cultural circumstances that contributed to the emergence of her influential body of work; and the significant contributions to cinema she made in spite of, and perhaps because of, the conflicts in which she was faced.

Les trois vagues de la sécularisation des consciences en Espagne

2009 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso Pérez-Agote
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Progressive Decline ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Catholic Culture ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Catholic Church

The process of the secularization of consciences in Spain evolved in three stages. The first of these began in the 19th century and lasted until the Civil War (1936—1939). This stage was characterized by the growth of a series of movements that opposed the Catholic Church's presumptive monopoly on truth. The second wave corresponded to the spread of consumerism and lasted from the 1960s to the end of the 1980s. In this second stage, we see a loss of interest in the Catholic Church and religion. Spain, traditionally a Catholic country, steadily became a country of Catholic culture; this translated into a progressive decline in the ability of the Church to control social behaviour. A third wave began in the 1990s, since when the majority of the younger generation has been losing all contact with the Catholic Church and religion.

New formats, new roles, new agents: Artists’ publications in Spain since 2000

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 18-29
Author(s):  
Mela Dávila Freire
Keyword(s):  
Contemporary Art ◽  
Art History ◽  
Golden Age ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
New Agents ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Art Scene ◽  
The Media ◽  
Spanish Art ◽  
The 1960S

Half a century after the 1960s, commonly considered to have been the period when artists’ publications expanded and consolidated, this genre seems to be experiencing a new ‘golden age’. In recent years, the number of books and printed matter produced by artists has grown exponentially, and so has the interest in them demonstrated by exhibition curators, public and private collectors, and even the media. The contemporary art scene in Spain is not immune to this phenomenon. On the contrary, over the last decade, artists’ publishing has undergone an explosion in quantity, quality and impact with no precedents in Spanish art history. The causes for such an explosion and its main traits are explored here, focusing on a number of significant examples and protagonists. Relevant sources of information documenting its course are offered, both online and in print.

Welfare Rights and Women's Rights in the 1960s

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha F. Davis
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Women Activists ◽  
Annual Income ◽  
Welfare Rights ◽  
National Organization For Women ◽  
The Poor ◽  
National Welfare ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Guaranteed Annual Income ◽  
Second Wave

The year 1966 is often cited as the start of the “second wave” of the organized women's movement, marked by the formation of the National Organization for Women (NOW). However, 1966 also marked the formal inception of another, less enduring group of women activists, the National Welfare Rights Organization (NWRO), linked to a separate but related social movement focused on welfare rights. From 1966 to 1975, NWRO coordinated welfare mothers' activism to shore up public assistance for the poor and to establish a federally guaranteed annual income. At its height in 1968, NWRO claimed twenty thousand members nationwide and dozens of local chapters from California to New York.

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