Edward S Perkins, MD, PhD (1919–2015): In the vanguard of ophthalmic physician–scientists

2021 ◽  
pp. 096777202110302
Author(s):  
Christopher F Blodi
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Society ◽  
University Of Iowa ◽  
Entire Volume ◽  
Laser Iridotomy ◽  
Charter Member ◽  
Applanation Tonometer ◽  
The University ◽  
Physician Scientists

British-American ophthalmologist Edward Perkins, MD, PhD (1919–2015) held wide-ranging research interests during his career at the Institute of Ophthalmology in London, the University of Iowa, and as a military doctor stationed in Kenya. With his PhD and a medical degree, Perkins was in the vanguard of clinician–scientists who possessed such dual credentials, enabling him to perform noteworthy experimental and clinical research. Perkins’ glaucoma research included early work on acetazolamide and prostaglandins, laser iridotomy, and large-scale glaucoma surveys such as the Bedford Glaucoma Survey. In 1957, Perkins earned a PhD with a thesis on cranial nerve influences on rabbit intraocular pressure. Perkins also invented a handheld applanation tonometer; wrote an entire volume on uveitis for Duke-Elder's system of Ophthalmology; co-founded the Association for Eye Research (the European Association for Vision and Eye Research forerunner); and was a charter member of the Glaucoma Research Society. In 1961, Perkins became the first Professor of Experimental Ophthalmology at the Institute of Ophthalmology in London. In 1979, Perkins and his family emigrated to the United States, where he became a Professor of Ophthalmology at the University of Iowa. Perkins’ understated personality masked a legacy of extensive contributions to the field of ophthalmology.

Evaluation of positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia

1986 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy C. Andreasen ◽  
William M. Grove
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
The United States ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
University Of Iowa ◽  
Normal Functions ◽  
Subsequent Investigation ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive And Negative Symptoms

SummaryMost investigators concur that schizophrenia is probably a heterogeneous group of disorders that share the common features of psychotic symptoms, partial response to neuroleptics, and a relatively poor outcome. The subdivision of schizophrenia into two subtypes, positive versus negative, has achieved wide acceptance throughout the world during recent years. This distinction has heuristic and theoretical appeal because it unites phenomenology, pathophysiology, and etiology into a single comprehensive hypothesis.In spite of its wide appeal, the distinction has a number of problems. These include the failure to distinguish between symptom syndromes and diseases; failure to deal with the mixed patient; failure to take longitudinal course into account; and failure to address conceptually and methodologically the distinction between positive and negative symptoms.This paper focuses primarily on the conceptual basis for two instruments designed to measure positive and negative symptoms, the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) and the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS), originally described in 1982. Since their description, these scales have been used in a variety of other centers. These scales are based on the hypothesis that negative symptoms represent a deficit or diminution in normal psychological functions wliile positive symptoms represent an excess or distortion of normal functions. Reliability data are now available from Italy, Spain, and Japan which suggest that these scales can be used reliably in cultural settings outside the United States. The results of these studies are summarized in this paper. In addition, a replication study involving a new sample of 117 schizophrenics collected at the University of Iowa is described. In this second study of the SANS and SAPS, internal consistency is found to be quite high in the SANS. Thus negative symptoms appear to be more internally correlated with one another than are positive symptoms. The implications of this result are discussed. A principal components analysis is used to explore the relationship between positive and negative symptoms. While the study reported in 1982 suggested that positive and negative symptoms are negatively correlated, in the present study they appear to be uncorrelated. Overall, the results suggest that the SANS and SAPS are useful comprehensive instruments for the evaluation of positive and negative symptoms. The relationship between these symptoms and external validators such as cognitive functioning or CT scan abnormalities will be reported in a subsequent investigation.

scholarly journals The origins and persistence of psychosurgery in the state of Iowa

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. E8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis J. Jareczek ◽  
Marshall T. Holland ◽  
Matthew A. Howard ◽  
Timothy Walch ◽  
Taylor J. Abel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
The United States ◽  
State Mental Health ◽  
The State ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
State University ◽  
University Of Iowa ◽  
The University ◽  
Frontal Lobotomy

Neurosurgery for the treatment of psychological disorders has a checkered history in the United States. Prior to the advent of antipsychotic medications, individuals with severe mental illness were institutionalized and subjected to extreme therapies in an attempt to palliate their symptoms. Psychiatrist Walter Freeman first introduced psychosurgery, in the form of frontal lobotomy, as an intervention that could offer some hope to those patients in whom all other treatments had failed. Since that time, however, the use of psychosurgery in the United States has waxed and waned significantly, though literature describing its use is relatively sparse. In an effort to contribute to a better understanding of the evolution of psychosurgery, the authors describe the history of psychosurgery in the state of Iowa and particularly at the University of Iowa Department of Neurosurgery. An interesting aspect of psychosurgery at the University of Iowa is that these procedures have been nearly continuously active since Freeman introduced the lobotomy in the 1930s. Frontal lobotomies and transorbital leukotomies were performed by physicians in the state mental health institutions as well as by neurosurgeons at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics (formerly known as the State University of Iowa Hospital). Though the early technique of frontal lobotomy quickly fell out of favor, the use of neurosurgery to treat select cases of intractable mental illness persisted as a collaborative treatment effort between psychiatrists and neurosurgeons at Iowa. Frontal lobotomies gave way to more targeted lesions such as anterior cingulotomies and to neuromodulation through deep brain stimulation. As knowledge of brain circuits and the pathophysiology underlying mental illness continues to grow, surgical intervention for psychiatric pathologies is likely to persist as a viable treatment option for select patients at the University of Iowa and in the larger medical community.

Radio Journalism: An Annotated Bibliography

1946 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-201
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Council ◽  
Ohio University ◽  
University Of Minnesota ◽  
University Of Iowa ◽  
University Of Illinois ◽  
Emory University ◽  
Broadcasting System ◽  
The University

This bibliography was prepared by a committee of the National Council on Radio Journalism, with the aid of a number of specialists. Cooperating in the work were Miss Gertrude G. Broderick, of the United States Office of Education; Mitchell V. Charnley, of the University of Minnesota; Fred S. Siebert and Frank Schooley, of the University of Illinois; Kenneth Bardett, of Syracuse University; Karl Krauskopf and Paul Wagner, of Ohio University; Floyd Baskette, of Emory University; Paul White, of the Columbia Broadcasting System; Arthur M. Barnes and Wilbur Schramm, of the University of Iowa. Dr. Schramm was chairman of the committee.

scholarly journals Citizen Science and Youth Audiences: Educational Outcomes of the Monarch Larva Monitoring Project

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina L. Kountoupes ◽  
Karen Oberhauser
Keyword(s):  
Citizen Science ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Monarch Butterfly ◽  
The United States ◽  
Promising Practices ◽  
University Of Minnesota ◽  
Natural Settings ◽  
The University

Citizen science projects in which members of the public participate in large scale science research programs are excellent ways for universities to engage the broader community in authentic science research. The Monarch Larva Monitoring Project (MLMP) is such a project. It involves hundreds of individuals throughout the United States and southern Canada in a study of monarch butterfly distribution and abundance. This program, run by faculty, graduate students, and staff at the University of Minnesota, provides research opportunities for volunteer monitors. We used mixed methods to understand contexts, outcomes, and promising practices for engaging youth in this project. Slightly over a third of our adult volunteers engaged youth in monitoring activities. They reported that the youth were successful at and enjoyed project activities, with the exception of data entry. Adults innovations increased the success and educational value of the project for children without compromising data integrity. Many adults engaged in extension activities, including independent research that built on their monitoring observations. This project provides an excellent forum for science and environmental education through investigation, direct and long-term interactions with natural settings, and data analysis.

scholarly journals Cost of Public Health Response and Outbreak Control With a Third Dose of Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine During a University Mumps Outbreak—Iowa, 2015–2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Marin ◽  
Tricia L Kitzmann ◽  
Lisa James ◽  
Patricia Quinlisk ◽  
Wade K Aldous ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mmr Vaccine ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
University Of Iowa ◽  
Outbreak Control ◽  
Response Planning ◽  
Health Response ◽  
The University

Abstract Background The United States is experiencing mumps outbreaks in settings with high 2-dose measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine coverage, mainly universities. The economic impact of mumps outbreaks on public health systems is largely unknown. During a 2015–2016 mumps outbreak at the University of Iowa, we estimated the cost of public health response that included a third dose of MMR vaccine. Methods Data on activities performed, personnel hours spent, MMR vaccine doses administered, miles traveled, hourly earnings, and unitary costs were collected using a customized data tool. These data were then used to calculate associated costs. Results Approximately 6300 hours of personnel time were required from state and local public health institutions and the university, including for vaccination and laboratory work. Among activities demanding time were case/contact investigation (36%), response planning/coordination (20%), and specimen testing and report preparation (13% each). A total of 4736 MMR doses were administered and 1920 miles traveled. The total cost was >$649 000, roughly equally distributed between standard outbreak control activities and third-dose MMR vaccination (55% and 45%, respectively). Conclusions Public health response to the mumps outbreak at the University of Iowa required important amounts of personnel time and other resources. Associated costs were sizable enough to affect other public health activities.

Scaling Back for an "Experimental" Collection

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark F. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Digital Library ◽  
General Public ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Library Services ◽  
University Of Iowa ◽  
Digital Collection ◽  
Digital Library Services ◽  
Mass Digitization ◽  
The University

Digital Library Services (DLS) at the University of Iowa Libraries has progressively worked toward coordinating more large-scale, “left-to-right” digitization projects both within the libraries and across campus, moving away from model of web exhibits that were often created before the department was formed in 2005. However, a variety of situations still call for small-scale projects. This chapter, describing the design and production of the “W9XK Experimental Television Digital Collection”, attempts to show that small-scale digitization projects can bridge that gap, and yield collections that rise above the level of web exhibits in their usefulness to scholars and the general public by limiting exclusive selection and promoting comprehensiveness. While mirroring this approach of mass-digitization, digital librarians can also use curatorial decisions and software functionality to further assist users of these small-scale collections.

scholarly journals Supporting COVID-19 Vaccine Rollout before Charter Class Arrives: The University of California, Irvine Experience

Pharmacy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Alexandre Chan ◽  
Melanie D. Joe ◽  
Jan D. Hirsch
Keyword(s):  
Interprofessional Education ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
The United States ◽  
University Of California ◽  
Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Centered Care ◽  
The University

Despite numerous challenges in relation to being a recently established school, the University of California, Irvine (UCI) School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (SPPS), similar to many schools of pharmacy in the United States, was highly committed to supporting the rollout of COVID-19 vaccines. UCI SPPS and our affiliated UCI Medical Center (UCIMC) Pharmacy Department partnered to spearhead the pharmacy element of a large-scale COVID-19 vaccination clinic on campus for both employees and the community. Three key initiatives were established in order to overcome the obstacles we faced in the large-scale roll out of COVID-19 vaccines: (1) forging new collaborations within the pharmacy team, (2) leveraging interprofessional education and practice, and (3) raising awareness of the pharmacists’ role. Our response to the COVID-19 vaccines at UCI was a tangible, visible model that demonstrated that, while we continue to embrace our role in team-based, patient-centered care, it is also important for us to step up and lead the profession. Additionally, this vaccine rollout experience is a teachable moment for our communities and our health professional partners as we continue to march forward as one voice to serve the American public.

scholarly journals Department of Family Medicine NWGMU named after I.I. Mechnikov. First 25 years

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Olga Yu. Kuznetsova
Keyword(s):  
Family Medicine ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
University Of Iowa ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
International Projects ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University

The article describes the history of the creation of the Department of Family Medicine of the NWSMU named after I.I. Mechnikov, notes the role of international projects in its establishment and development of the main areas of activity. Examples of successful long-term cooperation are given, in particular, with the University of Iowa (USA). The main stages of the formation of teaching the specialty General Practice (Family Medicine) within the framework of professional retraining of primary health care doctors and residency are described. The importance of using various interactive technologies in the learning process is emphasized, including the development of skills in simulation conditions, which were introduced at the department long before their use in the process of accreditation of specialists. The features of teaching the discipline Polyclinic Therapy for the 6th year students of the medical faculty, as well as the experience of leading scientific research that was carried out by participants of the student scientific society are noted. The main directions of scientific research carried out at the department in recent years are described, aimed at a comprehensive study of the features of the management of elderly patients in general medical practice and the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in St. Petersburg and Arkhangelsk. The role of international cooperation in the implementation of large-scale scientific projects, in particular with the Catholic University of Leuven (Belgium), is emphasized. The perspectives for the development of the Department of Family Medicine in the near future are outlined.

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