scholarly journals Department of Family Medicine NWGMU named after I.I. Mechnikov. First 25 years

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Olga Yu. Kuznetsova
Keyword(s):  
Family Medicine ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
University Of Iowa ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
International Projects ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University

The article describes the history of the creation of the Department of Family Medicine of the NWSMU named after I.I. Mechnikov, notes the role of international projects in its establishment and development of the main areas of activity. Examples of successful long-term cooperation are given, in particular, with the University of Iowa (USA). The main stages of the formation of teaching the specialty General Practice (Family Medicine) within the framework of professional retraining of primary health care doctors and residency are described. The importance of using various interactive technologies in the learning process is emphasized, including the development of skills in simulation conditions, which were introduced at the department long before their use in the process of accreditation of specialists. The features of teaching the discipline Polyclinic Therapy for the 6th year students of the medical faculty, as well as the experience of leading scientific research that was carried out by participants of the student scientific society are noted. The main directions of scientific research carried out at the department in recent years are described, aimed at a comprehensive study of the features of the management of elderly patients in general medical practice and the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in St. Petersburg and Arkhangelsk. The role of international cooperation in the implementation of large-scale scientific projects, in particular with the Catholic University of Leuven (Belgium), is emphasized. The perspectives for the development of the Department of Family Medicine in the near future are outlined.

Tuning into the design wave. The article is devoted to the Kharkiv School of Design

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (02) ◽  
pp. 31-41
Author(s):  
O. Boichuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Design System ◽  
Design Culture ◽  
Science And Culture ◽  
Design Activities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Domestic Design ◽  
The University ◽  
Near Future

It provides a panoramic overview of how the school was created and has since developed, including the events and personalities that have had a significant impact on its formation. The article emphasizes the role of Kharkiv Art and Industry Institute (KAII / KSADA) in training specialists for the needs of production, art, science, and culture. The article presents design developments of industrial products and graphic corporate styles ordered by companies and organizations. The importance of international relations for the development of the vocational education system and design practice is emphasized by the examples of partnership projects with the University of Halle-Burg Giebichenstein in Germany and participation in the ICSID “INTERDESIGN‑77” seminar. The materials of the article reveal the huge contribution of the All‑Union Scientific Research Institute of Technical Aesthetics (VNIITE) to the creation of a domestic design system. The fundamental scientific and methodological publications of VNIITE and the program provisions of the concepts of design activities are presented, which outline the development directions of the Kharkiv School of Design. Additionally, the article presents the history of the work of the Kharkiv organization of the Union of Designers of Ukraine and its interactions with KAII / KSADA in holding large-scale cultural and educational events, festivals, exhibitions, and design competitions. In this regard, the content and objectives of the exhibitions-contests “Vodoparad”, “Svitlo”, “Replicants”, “Cult of Design: Digital Life” are analyzed. Their importance for integration into the international design culture is highlighted, as is the development of the directions: “industrial art-design”, “innovative design”, design of “subject-painting installations”. At the end of the article, the level of success of the Kharkiv School of Design is assessed based on a set of criteria. A forecast of the school’s development in the near future is made and the main conditions for its development are indicated.

scholarly journals Impact of Hyponatremia on COPD Exacerbation Prognosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 503
Author(s):  
María-Teresa García-Sanz ◽  
Sandra Martínez-Gestoso ◽  
Uxío Calvo-Álvarez ◽  
Liliana Doval-Oubiña ◽  
Sandra Camba-Matos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Prolonged Stay ◽  
Santiago De Compostela ◽  
Electrolyte Disorder ◽  
History Of ◽  
Prognostic Implications ◽  
The University

The most common electrolyte disorder among hospitalized patients, hyponatremia is a predictor of poor prognosis in various diseases. The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of hyponatremia in patients admitted for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD), as well as its association with poor clinical progress. Prospective observational study carried out from 1 October 2016 to 1 October 2018 in the following hospitals: Salnés in Vilagarcía de Arousa, Arquitecto Marcide in Ferrol, and the University Hospital Complex of Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain, on patients admitted for AECOPD. Patient baseline treatment was identified, including hyponatremia-inducing drugs. Poor progress was defined as follows: prolonged stay, death during hospitalization, or readmission within one month after the index episode discharge. 602 patients were enrolled, 65 cases of hyponatremia (10.8%) were recorded, all of a mild nature (mean 131.6; SD 2.67). Of all the patients, 362 (60%) showed poor progress: 18 (3%) died at admission; 327 (54.3%) had a prolonged stay; and 91 (15.1%) were readmitted within one month after discharge. Patients with hyponatremia had a more frequent history of atrial fibrillation (AF) (p 0.005), pleural effusion (p 0.01), and prolonged stay (p 0.01). The factors independently associated with poor progress were hyponatremia, pneumonia, and not receiving home O2 treatment prior to admission. Hyponatremia is relatively frequent in patients admitted for AECOPD, and it has important prognostic implications, even when mild in nature.

scholarly journals The role of theatre in the training of students of Humanities

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World Literature ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Extracurricular Activity ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University ◽  
Performing Art ◽  
The Devil

The article analyzes one of the peculiarities of organization of educational process at the Faculty of Philology, namely the use of elements of performing art in literary studies and extracurricular activity. The main ways of interaction between theatre and University in this field are visiting theatre, discussing plays, creating amateur theatres, writing literary scripts, plays, reviews, research articles and monographs dedicated to development of theatre and drama. It also contains the analysis of activity of the most prolific amateur theatres directors, these are V. Sachenko, A. Svashenko, O. Chuguj, L. Osmolovskyj, V. Svirskyj, their success in putting plays by Ukrainian and world literature classic playwrights on the stage. This article covers the history of founding and directing student theatres in the plays “Epiphany”, “The Twelve Chairs”, “Arabesque” and others, directing their own plays based on works dedicated to H. Skovoroda (“The Great Prophecy”) and V. Karazin (“Treacherous Destiny”), crash Bolshevist total-colonial regime and him consequence (“Attempt on the Devil”). The research makes an emphasize on the importance of mutual managing of large-scale creative projects, group watching and discussion of film adaptations of O. Dovzhenko (“The Poem about the Sea”), M. Sholokhov (“And Quiet Flows the Don”) as well as on creating the first university-based film studio. The article also shows that as the students of the Kharkiv University N. Zabila, O. Kolomiiets, R. Polonskyj, A. Zhytnytskyj, I. Perepeliak and L. Toma were active in providing the written literary basis for theatres, cinema and television of Ukraine. The foremost determined reason of graduates of the University (Yu. Stanishevskyj, V. Savchenko, V. Svirskyj, S. Oleshko) dedicated themselves to theatre is long and thorough mastering the secrets of Melpomene’s art during studying at the Faculty of Philology. We conclude that it is necessary to include in curriculum an extra course called “Basics of the Performing Art” for the humanitarian schools, as well as to open and manage student theatres.

Role of exhaled nitric oxide in predicting steroid response in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

2010 ◽  
Vol 151 (51) ◽  
pp. 2083-2088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balázs Antus
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Exhaled Nitric Oxide ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Steroid Response

A kilégzett levegőben mérhető nitrogén-monoxid a legszélesebb körben vizsgált légúti biomarker. A stabil állapotú krónikus obstruktív tüdőbetegségben a kilégzett nitrogén-monoxid-szint hasonló vagy csak kismértékben emelkedett az egészségesekhez képest. Mivel a nitrogén-monoxid-szint szoros összefüggést mutat a légúti eosinophilia mértékével, és mivel az eosinophil típusú légúti gyulladás szteroidokra érzékenyebb, az emelkedett nitrogén-monoxid-szinttel rendelkező betegek jobb válaszkészséget mutatnak az inhalációs vagy szisztémás kortikoszteroidkezelésre. A krónikus obstruktív tüdőbetegség akut exacerbatiója során a kilégzett nitrogén-monoxid szintje megemelkedik, majd ennek kezelése után csökken. Mivel a nitrogén-monoxid-szint és a kezelés során elért légzésfunkciós javulás szoros korrelációt mutat egymással, a nitrogén-monoxid-méréssel a terápiás válasz megjósolható. Összefoglalva: a nitrogén-monoxid-méréssel a krónikus obstruktív tüdőbetegségben szenvedő betegek olyan alcsoportját lehet elkülöníteni, amelynek szteroidérzékenysége nagyobb. Orv. Hetil., 2010, 151, 2083–2088.

Participation of ABCA1 transporter in development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-370
Author(s):  
Stanislav N. Kotlyarov ◽  
Anna A. Kotlyarova
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Lipid Homeostasis ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Reverse Transport ◽  
Current Paradigm

Despite all achievements of the modern medicine, the problem of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) does not lose its relevance. The current paradigm suggests a key role of macrophages in inflammation in COPD. Macrophages are known to be heterogeneous in their functions. This heterogeneity is determined by their immunometabolic profile and also by peculiarities of lipid homeostasis of cells. Aim. To analyze the role of the ABCA1 transporter, a member of the ABC A subfamily, in the pathogenesis of COPD. The expression of ABCA1 in lung tissues is on the second place after the liver, which shows the important role of the carrier and of lipid homeostasis in the function of lungs. Analysis of the literature shows that participation of the transporter in inflammation consists in regulation of the content of cholesterol in the lipid rafts of the membranes, in phagocytosis and apoptosis. Conclusion. Through regulation of the process of reverse transport of cholesterol in macrophages of lungs, ABCA1 can change their inflammatory response, which makes a significant contribution to the pathogenesis of COPD.

scholarly journals The Ability of Metabolomics to Discriminate Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Subtypes Depends on the Stage of the Disease and the Type of Material Studied

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3314
Author(s):  
Tomasz Kowalczyk ◽  
Joanna Kisluk ◽  
Karolina Pietrowska ◽  
Joanna Godzien ◽  
Miroslaw Kozlowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Cancer Subtypes ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
Nsclc Patients

Identification of the NSCLC subtype at an early stage is still quite sophisticated. Metabolomics analysis of tissue and plasma of NSCLC patients may indicate new, and yet unknown, metabolic pathways active in the NSCLC. Our research characterized the metabolomics profile of tissue and plasma of patients with early and advanced NSCLC stage. Samples were subjected to thorough metabolomics analyses using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) technique. Tissue and/or plasma samples from 137 NSCLC patients were analyzed. Based on the early stage tissue analysis, more than 200 metabolites differentiating adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous cell lung carcinoma (SCC) subtypes as well as normal tissue, were identified. Most of the identified metabolites were amino acids, fatty acids, carnitines, lysoglycerophospholipids, sphingomyelins, plasmalogens and glycerophospholipids. Moreover, metabolites related to N-acyl ethanolamine (NAE) biosynthesis, namely glycerophospho (N-acyl) ethanolamines (GP-NAE), which discriminated early-stage SCC from ADC, have also been identified. On the other hand, the analysis of plasma of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and NSCLC patients allowed exclusion of the metabolites related to the inflammatory state in lungs and the identification of compounds (lysoglycerophospholipids, glycerophospholipids and sphingomyelins) truly characteristic to cancer. Our results, among already known, showed novel, thus far not described, metabolites discriminating NSCLC subtypes, especially in the early stage of cancer. Moreover, the presented results also indicated the activity of new metabolic pathways in NSCLC. Further investigations on the role of NAE biosynthesis pathways in the early stage of NSCLC may reveal new prognostic and diagnostic targets.

scholarly journals Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Epidemiology, Biomarkers, and Paving the Way to Lung Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 2889
Author(s):  
Klára Szalontai ◽  
Nikolett Gémes ◽  
József Furák ◽  
Tünde Varga ◽  
Patrícia Á. Neuperger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Alveolar Wall ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Response ◽  
Disease Epidemiology

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the frequently fatal pathology of the respiratory tract, accounts for half a billion cases globally. COPD manifests via chronic inflammatory response to irritants, frequently to tobacco smoke. The progression of COPD from early onset to advanced disease leads to the loss of the alveolar wall, pulmonary hypertension, and fibrosis of the respiratory epithelium. Here, we focus on the epidemiology, progression, and biomarkers of COPD with a particular connection to lung cancer. Dissecting the cellular and molecular players in the progression of the disease, we aim to shed light on the role of smoking, which is responsible for the disease, or at least for the more severe symptoms and worse patient outcomes. We summarize the inflammatory conditions, as well as the role of EMT and fibroblasts in establishing a cancer-prone microenvironment, i.e., the soil for ‘COPD-derived’ lung cancer. We highlight that the major health problem of COPD can be alleviated via smoking cessation, early diagnosis, and abandonment of the usage of biomass fuels on a global basis.

scholarly journals Validation of Clinical Characteristics and Effectiveness of Pulmonary Rehabilitation in a COPD Population with Discrepancy between Exercise Tolerance and FEV1

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Jun Horie ◽  
Koichiro Takahashi ◽  
Shuuichi Shiranita ◽  
Kunihiko Anami ◽  
Shinichiro Hayashi
Keyword(s):  
Gait Speed ◽  
Pulmonary Rehabilitation ◽  
Exercise Tolerance ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
St George's Respiratory Questionnaire ◽  
History Of

This study’s objective was to examine the characteristics of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) presenting with various exercise tolerance levels. A total of 235 patients with stable COPD were classified into 4 groups: (1) LoFlo + HiEx—patients with a six-minute walking distance (6MWD) ≥350 m and percentage of predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (%FEV1.0) <50%; (2) HiFlo + HiEx—patients with a 6MWD ≥350 m and a %FEV1.0 ≥50%; (3) LoFlo + LoEx—patients with a 6MWD < 350 m and %FEV1.0 < 50%; and (4) HiFlo + LoEx—patients with a 6MWD <350 m and %FEV1.0 ≥ 50%. Aspects of physical ability in the HiFlo + LoEx group were significantly lower than those in the HiFlo + HiEx group. The HiFlo + LoEx group was characterized by a history of hospitalization for respiratory illness within the past year, treatment with at-home oxygen therapy, and lacking daily exercise habits. Following three months of pulmonary rehabilitation, the LoFlo + HiEx group significantly improved in the modified Medical Research Council dyspnea score, maximum gait speed, and 6MWD, while the HiFlo + LoEx group significantly improved in the percentage of maximal expiratory pressure, maximum gait speed, 6MWD, incremental shuttle walking distance, and St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire score. The HiFlo + LoEx group had the greatest effect of three-month pulmonary rehabilitation compared to other groups.

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