Nursing, advocacy and public policy

2020 ◽  
pp. 096973302096182
Author(s):  
Shane Matthew Scott ◽  
P Anne Scott
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Patient Advocacy ◽  
Quality Of Healthcare ◽  
Nursing Role ◽  
Nursing Advocacy ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Advocacy Role ◽  
Do So

This article draws attention to the nature and importance of public policy. It argues that if nurses are to influence the quality of healthcare effectively, they must be engaged with policymakers to get nursing care issues on the policy agenda. There is an ethical imperative to do so, driven by the advocacy role of the nurse and rooted in the values base of nursing. In addition, it is argued that if one takes the role of patient advocacy seriously, as core to the nursing role, two things are required of nurses: We must (a) broaden the conceptualisation of patient advocacy beyond the individual patient to the system of healthcare resourcing and provision and (b) see systemic change as important as change at the bedside.

scholarly journals Understanding coaching efficacy in education through activity systems: privileging the nuances of provision

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel M. Lofthouse ◽  
Anthea Rose ◽  
Ruth Whiteside
Keyword(s):  
Activity Systems ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Coaching Efficacy ◽  
Range Of Functions ◽  
Cultural Historical Activity ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Specific Challenge

PurposeThe research demonstrates the role of activity systems based in Cultural Historical Activity Theory as a means of analysing characteristics and efficacy of specific provisions of coaching in education.Design/methodology/approachThree examples of coaching in education were selected, involving 51 schools in England. The three examples were re-analysed using activity systems. This drew on existing evaluation evidence, gathered through interviews, questionnaires, focus groups and recordings of coaching.FindingsIn each example, the object of the coaching was to address a specific challenge to secure the desired quality of education. Using activity systems it is possible to demonstrate that coaching has a range of functions (both intended and consequential). The individual examples illustrate the potential of coaching to support change in complex and diverse education settings.Research limitations/implicationsThe use of existing data from evaluations means that direct comparisons between examples are not made. While data were collected throughout the duration of each coaching programme no follow-up data was available.Practical implicationsThe analysis of the examples of coaching using activity systems provides evidence of the efficacy of specific coaching provision in achieving individually defined objectives related to sustaining and improving specific educational practices.Originality/valueThe research offers insights into how coaching in education might be better tuned to the specific needs of contexts and the challenges experienced by the individuals working in them. In addition, it demonstrates the value of activity systems as an analytical tool to make sense of coaching efficacy.

scholarly journals A closer look at how managerial support can help improve patient experience: Insights from the UK’s National Health Service

2020 ◽  
pp. 001872672093883
Author(s):  
Chidiebere Ogbonnaya ◽  
Mayowa T Babalola
Keyword(s):  
National Health Service ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Patient Experience ◽  
National Health ◽  
Organizational Support ◽  
Quality Of Healthcare ◽  
Perceived Supervisor Support ◽  
Managerial Support

Recent debates in healthcare have emphasized the need for more respectful and responsive services that meet patients’ preferences. These debates centre on patient experience, one of the most critical factors for measuring healthcare performance. In exploring the relevance of patient experience key questions need answers: what can managers or supervisors do to help improve the quality of healthcare? What is the role of employees? Addressing these questions, this study examines whether perceived supervisor support (PSS) promotes patient experience through a serial mediation involving perceived organizational support (POS), and positive employee outcomes such as engagement, involvement and advocacy. Using two-wave data from the British National Health Service, we show that PSS is strongly associated with POS, which in turn improves engagement, involvement and advocacy among employees. PSS also has a positive indirect influence on patient experience through POS and advocacy; but the indirect paths involving engagement and involvement are not supported. We offer useful guidance on how healthcare employers can support employees towards improving the quality of services rendered to patients.

scholarly journals Shadowing: Interprofessional Learning

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frøydis Perny Vasset ◽  
Synnøve Hofseth Almås
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Quality Of Healthcare ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Pedagogical Intervention ◽  
Clinical Placements ◽  
Professional Boundaries ◽  
Group Interviews ◽  
Complex Health Problems

Background: The Norwegian government has indicated that health and socialstudies should emphasize interprofessional collaborative learning (IPL), especiallyin clinical placements. Through IPL, students have the opportunity to gain insightinto other professional responsibilities and minimize negative stereotypes. Thismight improve collaboration across professional boundaries. Professionals withcollaborative competence might solve complex health problems, and thus improvethe quality of healthcare. The objectives of this article are to investigate the IPLexperiences nursing students acquire through shadowing practice with differentprofessionals in home care.Methods and Findings: To develop a model for IPL, 12 nursing students spent five days shadowing four different healthcare professionals working in home care. At the end of the pedagogical intervention, the students reflected on the practice and the role of the different professionals they had followed. To investigate how the students experienced interprofessional shadowing practice, the reflective notes were analyzed, templates for the selected professionals were drawn up, and four focus group interviews were conducted The results showed that students has acquired knowledge of other professions’ responsibilities and were aware of thneed for an interprofessional approach to home care.Conclusions: This kind of shadowing might be an ideal model for educationalinstitutions seeking to implement IPL.

scholarly journals Elicitation as a Multilayered Process

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 160940691879701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma K. Tsui ◽  
Emily Franzosa
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Individual Interview ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Shared Authority ◽  
Interview Training ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Way

This article describes a novel approach to reciprocal peer interviewing in which participants interview one another sequentially, allowing each the space of a full interview to articulate her experiences and reflections. This structure of data collection offers a new conceptualization of the way that elicitation functions; not just as a process inside of an interview, but one that is also shaped by factors preceding and outside of the individual interview, a process we call “meta-elicitation.” We argue that this form of reciprocal peer interviewing offers a view of the emic that is both participant-led and uniquely balanced between collective and individual perspectives. However, we also argue that shared authority and rapport are actively, and not always successfully, negotiated in such interviews. To prepare participants for peer interviewing, we hosted a 1-day workshop involving interview training, planning, and the recording of interviews. To maximize quality of such projects, we recommend that external researchers consider carefully (1) the balance of structure and flexibility in designing the workshop and interviews, (2) thorough preparation of participants, and (3) the role of meta-elicitation dynamics during analysis.

Role of Sex in Externally Motivated Self-Touching Gestures

2002 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 289-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Heaven ◽  
Dan McBrayer ◽  
Bob Prince
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Type ◽  
The Other ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Discourse Type ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Order Of Presentation ◽  
Do So

Self-touching gestures can be externally induced by the verbal presentation of anxiety-inducing stimuli and the active discussion of a passage. The frequency of these self-touching gestures appears to be affected by the individual interacting with the topic, the type of discourse (listening or discussing), the type of stimulus (canaries or leeches), and the interaction between the types of discourse and stimulus. This study assessed these variables as well as the sex of the participant and the order of presentation of stimulus type, neither of which were statistically significant. Participants were read two passages, one about a topic (leeches) expected to produce anxiety and the other about a topic (canaries) not expected to do so, and asked to answer questions about the passages. The number of self-touches was counted by an observer in another room. Each participant had both types of discourse (listening and discussing) and both types of stimulus (canaries and leeches). There was no significant difference between the number of self-touches by participants with either the male or female reader. Discussion as a method of discourse was associated with a significantly greater number of self-touches than listening. The interaction between discourse type and stimulus type was also significant. The combination of the anxiety producing stimulus and the active discourse (discussion) produced the highest average number of self-touches.

scholarly journals The Role of Adrenoceptors in the Retina

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2594
Author(s):  
Yue Ruan ◽  
Tobias Böhmer ◽  
Subao Jiang ◽  
Adrian Gericke
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Retinal Diseases ◽  
System A ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Brain

The retina is a part of the central nervous system, a thin multilayer with neuronal lamination, responsible for detecting, preprocessing, and sending visual information to the brain. Many retinal diseases are characterized by hemodynamic perturbations and neurodegeneration leading to vision loss and reduced quality of life. Since catecholamines and respective bindings sites have been characterized in the retina, we systematically reviewed the literature with regard to retinal expression, distribution and function of alpha1 (α1)-, alpha2 (α2)-, and beta (β)-adrenoceptors (ARs). Moreover, we discuss the role of the individual adrenoceptors as targets for the treatment of retinal diseases.

The Salience of American State Politics

1970 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 523-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kent Jennings ◽  
Harmon Zeigler
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
State Government ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
State Politics ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Institutional Performance ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Large Numbers

Research emphasizing the correlates of state policy outputs and the performance of particular institutions has overshadowed the role of the citizenry in the drama of state politics. One question of basic concern is the relevance of state government and politics for the inhabitants of a state. At the level of public policy and institutional performance the answer to this is factual and straightforward. The nature, amount, distribution, and to some extent the quality of a state's services and policies can be specified. Since states perform most of the traditional functions of governmental units and since these functions affect the fortunes of the citizens, state politics has an obvious, tangible, objective relevance for a state's inhabitants. At another level, however, the answer is not so clear-cut. Here we are dealing with the idea of what is subjectively relevant. Large numbers of people apparently pass their lives being touched by political institutions in a variety of ways without becoming particularly interested in or involved with these institutions. Other people become intensely, purposively related to these same institutions. Still others fall along a continuum between these two poles. If substantial variations exist in the general salience of politics, there is little reason to doubt that the same conditions may be found in particular subsets of political matters. In the case at hand this subset consists of the cluster of institutions, actors, and processes known as state political systems.

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