Gender relations and cross-border small trading in the Ukrainian–Romanian borderlands

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn L Cassidy
Keyword(s):  
Gender Relations ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Eu Enlargement ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Irregular Migrants ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Transnational Mobility ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Eu

European Union (EU) enlargement and the later shaping of its relationships with its new Eastern neighbours through the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) have had a significant impact on communities outside the EU’s borders. As the EU has sought to control flows of people, money and goods through these new borders, it has also become a destination for irregular migrants and small-scale traders from its eastern neighbours. This article draws upon participant observation in one such community in western Ukraine, where continuing levels of high unemployment and low wages and pensions drive dependence on flows of remittances from migrants to southern Europe, but also revenues from small-scale trade with neighbouring EU members, such as Romania. New forms of transnational mobility have emerged, which are not gender-neutral. The article asserts that, while hegemonic masculinities exist in both Ukrainian and Romanian communities, gender relations in Romania are restricted by sexualised discourses. As male and female Ukrainian traders interact with Romanian border officials and local distributors and intermediaries, hegemonic masculinities in Ukraine are re-affirmed and female traders are unable to advance and develop their trade in the same way as their male counterparts. In doing so, the article expands research on gender and transnationalism in post-enlargement Europe beyond migration and demonstrates not only how encounters at the EU’s borders are shaping gender relations in communities outside the EU, but that involvement in cross-border economic activities is determined by the gendered discourses and performance that take place at the border.

scholarly journals Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries in the Midst of Adaptation and Diversification: Insights from Southern Italy

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7393
Author(s):  
Agata Nicolosi ◽  
Donatella Di Gregorio ◽  
Giuseppe Arena ◽  
Valentina Rosa Laganà ◽  
Donatella Privitera
Keyword(s):  
Southern Italy ◽  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Artisanal Fishing ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Coastal Fisheries ◽  
Cluster Identification ◽  
The Eu

The study looks at the problems facing coastal fishing communities. It highlights the impacts that, in the complex framework of the EU reforms, have manifested themselves on economic activities and on society. The aim of the paper is twofold: to examine small-scale artisanal fishing in an area of Southern Italy in order to develop resilience and diversification and at the same time to outline the profiles of local bluefish buyers to highlight development strategies for the sector. The research carried out through a direct survey by administering a questionnaire to fishermen operating in areas of Southern Italy and the data cross-referenced with the opinions of local consumers. A conjoint experiment, followed by a multiple correspondence analysis and cluster identification, was used to outline the profiles of local bluefish buyers. The results of the analysis reveal that the fish market and the restaurant sector are the main distribution channels preferred by fishermen. Furthermore, fishermen are very sensitive to environmental issues and are willing to collaborate and actively participate in the environmental protection of the sea. Consumers recognise the quality of local bluefish, and they implicitly perceive the sustainability of the method of capture. The results show the need to undertake synergistic actions for the fishing industry, capable of activating marketing strategies adequately to support, promote and develop the sector. The results of the study provide helpful information for food companies in order to better segment their market and target their consumers, as well as to effectively promote their product using brands, certifications and traceability.

scholarly journals Norway at the Border of EU – Cross-Border Shopping and its Implications

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randi Lavik ◽  
Sturla Nordlund
Keyword(s):  
Small Scale ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Political Debate ◽  
General Increase ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Obvious Reason ◽  
The Media ◽  
Price Differences ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
The Eu

Cross-border shopping has for many years been an issue in the political debate in Norway, and it remains so. The focus of the media is mostly on alcohol and tobacco shopping, but shopping for other goods such as meat and other groceries are at least as important. Aim The aim of this article is to present estimates of the total cross-border shopping, especially from Sweden, with a special focus on alcohol and tobacco. Data Data are collected from different sources, mainly from the two research institutes SIFO and SIRUS. Results The total private import by travelers to Norway has increased, and so has special cross-border shopping from Sweden. An obvious reason is the price differences on alcohol, tobacco and meat in particular, which have been increasing since the neighbouring countries Sweden and Finland became members of the EU in 1995. Another reason is the general increase in travelling, especially by airplanes, during later years. People living near the border are, not surprisingly, much more often border-shoppers than people living far away. Border-shopping also has an illegal side, since some people violate the quite restrictive Norwegian quotas on travelers import e.g. of alcohol and tobacco. Around 20 per cent of the of the Norwegian travellers see such “small-scale smuggling” of spirits as a serious crime, and 25 percent had brought too much alcohol. The total private import by travelers, legal as well as illegal, represents a considerable revenue loss to Norway.

Balkan Mini-Schengen is second-best to EU enlargement

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Eu Enlargement ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Second Best ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Economic Area ◽  
Regional Leadership ◽  
Energy Community ◽  
Border Controls ◽  
The Eu

Significance Meeting in Ohrid on November 10, the leaders of Serbia, North Macedonia and Albania pledged to abolish border controls and work towards an integrated economic area. Such regional cooperation is moving centre stage with the slowdown of the EU enlargement process. Impacts Serbia’s president is using Mini-Schengen and closer ties to his North Macedonian and Albanian counterparts to assert regional leadership. North Macedonia is likely to be a major beneficiary if the scheme delivers improved cross-border connectivity. The Zagreb EU-WB6 summit could lead to an upgrade of such existing organisations as CEFTA and the Energy Community.

After enlargement: preconditions and prospects for bargaining coordination

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Marginson ◽  
Franz Traxler
Keyword(s):  
Collective Bargaining ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Eu Enlargement ◽  
Vertical Coordination ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Labour Costs ◽  
Local Labour ◽  
The Eu

EU enlargement, by extending the boundaries of Europe's single market, calls for a reconsideration of the preconditions and prospects for transnational coordination of collective bargaining. Collective bargaining still remains nationally-based, but after enlargement two features are prominent. First, there is the extent of the gap in labour costs between the old and new Member States. This is providing powerful incentives both for the movement of capital eastwards (relocation of production sites) and for movement of self-employed workers westwards (displacing local labour). Secondly, there is now a group of countries with single-employer bargaining systems: multi-employer bargaining is no longer the EU norm. The resulting pressures are reinforcing developments in sectoral agreements, such as ‘hardship clauses’, which themselves undermine the vertical coordination on which successful cross-border coordination must rest. This paper analyses the implications of these developments and concludes that sector-based cross-border bargaining coordination remains trade unions' best available response to pan-European market integration; that differentiated approaches are required as between sectors; that unions need to develop effective means of coordination across companies within sectors; and that, under single-employer bargaining regimes, boosting union organisation and hence the coverage of collective bargaining is paramount.

scholarly journals Patient’s Cross-border Mobility Directive: Application, Performance and Perceptions Two Years after Transposition

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafał Riedel
Keyword(s):  
Major Elements ◽  
Application Performance ◽  
The Public ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Transformative Potential ◽  
Medical Market ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Public Opinion Polls ◽  
Opinion Polls ◽  
The Eu

Abstract This paper seeks to analyse the directive on the application of patients’ rights in cross-border healthcare. Two years after the transposition, it is time for first evaluations of its application, performance and perception. The analysis consists of three major elements: reconstruction of the legal scope and subject matter of the new legislation, conclusions of the evaluative reports monitoring its implementation and performance as well as the public opinion polls revealing the EU citizens’ perception of its details. These three components combined together deliver a picture of the state of play about the pan-European cross-border patients’ mobility. The bottomline conclusions negatively verify the supposition present in some earlier literature on patients’ cross-border mobility that the directive has a transformative potential leading towards the creation of truly competitive pan-European medical market. After two years of its operation, there is still no increased patients’ mobility across EU internal borders observed. As regards the speculations for the future, there are only some weak symptoms identified and they may result in intensified cross-border mobility for healthcare.

scholarly journals Sustainable rural development and cross-border cooperation

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaklina Stojanovic ◽  
Emilija Manic
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Eu Enlargement ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Sustainable Rural Development ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Cross Border Cooperation ◽  
The Eu

The concept of sustainable rural development comprises three aspects - social, economical and ecological. They are supposed to act in synergy, but, at the same time, these aspects are supposed to be competitive. Agriculture, as a traditional activity of rural economy, contributes to the sustainable development of rural areas only if there is an adequate resources management. If not, there will be a significant degradation of rural environment. These are the reasons why sustainable agriculture development is emphasized since it maximizes productivity and minimizes negative effects on nature and human resources. In this context, one should observe the connection between agriculture and tourism existing in the EU, where the application of sustainable agricultural development concept produces external effects connected to biodiversity protection and environment in rural areas. These become a good foundation for the development of rural and ecotourism. EU enlargement induced diversification of support programmes that EU gives to the candidate countries, as well as to those who are just entering the process of stabilization and association to the EU. Through cross-border cooperation projects, many goals can be accomplished, among which aspiration for promotion of sustainable economical and social development in border regions is one of the leading. Knowing that these regions are usually passive and underdeveloped, the projects of cross-border cooperation could induce development of those activities in local economy, which could bring better living conditions and economic prosperity on the one hand, and protection of environment on the other. Examples of this kind of projects in Serbia can usually be found in rural and ecotourism development.

scholarly journals Interplay Between Entrepreneurial Training, SME's Performance and Moderating Factors

2019 ◽  
pp. 60-74
Author(s):  
Richard Sarfo Gyasi ◽  
Cai Li ◽  
Isaac Gumah Akolgo ◽  
Yvonne Owusu-Ampomah
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Educational Innovation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Moderating Variables ◽  
Training Interventions ◽  
Moderating Factors ◽  
Entrepreneurial Training ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Economic Landscape

In developing countries such as Ghana, the economic landscape is changing, with a move from foreign direct investment to self-employment and entrepreneurship. There is growing acceptance that some elements of entrepreneurship can be taught and learned. Entrepreneurship is an important educational innovation that provides the impetus to learning about learning. Entrepreneurship and Education Training (EET) programmes are seen as a means to stimulate increased levels of economic activities. The study explored the relationship between entrepreneurial training interventions and performance of small scale automobile firms in Ghana. The study also evaluated the influence of entrepreneurial training interventions on the absorptive capacity of SME owners’ in Ghana. Data was collected from small scale automobile business owners and managers in Kumasi Metropolis in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. The convenient sampling method was used to select eight hundred and ninety-six (896) respondents for the study. The data was analyzed meaningfully following the appropriate protocols by categorizing and coding. The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21.0, SMART PLS 3.2.8 and Microsoft Excel 2007 were used in analyzing the data. The study reveals that; there is a significant relationship between entrepreneurial training interventions and performance of small scale automobile firms in Ghana. The also revealed a significant relationship between the moderating variables and SME performance.

scholarly journals Towards sustainable implementation of maritime spatial planning in Europe: A peek into the potential of the Regional Sea Conventions playing a stronger role

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Simone de Grunt ◽  
Kiat Ng ◽  
Helena Calado
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Member States ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Sustainable Implementation ◽  
Maritime Spatial Planning

Traditional silo approaches to managing marine resources and anthropogenic activities are progressively being replaced by systemic and holistic ecosystem-based management. In Europe, authorities are increasingly realising the interconnected complexity and transboundary effects of maritime economic activities on each other and on the marine environment. Facilitating cross-border coordination and cooperation between neighbouring European Member States and their non-EU border countries on the implementation of maritime spatial planning (MSP) is essential in ensuring the sustainable management of the European marine environment. During the last decade, progressive efforts have been dedicated to coordinate national marine planning to ensure that there is a concerted, coherent and sustainable approach regarding the activities taking place in the European seas. The Maritime Spatial Planning Directive (2014/89/EU) states that regional coordination and cooperation between Member States is a requirement in the development and implementation of national maritime spatial plans, and specifically mentions the consideration of the Regional Sea Conventions (RSCs) that are in place in Europe. Through analysing the results of a small-scale survey under European MSP experts, the paper explores whether an increased involvement of the RSCs in regional cooperation on MSP is perceived as possible and/or desirable. The paper considers the (potential) role of the RSCs in the cross-border coordination of major maritime economic activities, as well as in cross-border MSP projects taking place in the European sea basins. The paper pays specific attention to the desirability and perceived challenges of such an increased role for the RSCs.

Part VI Bank Group Supervision, 26 Cross-Border Supervision of Bank Groups

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gleeson Simon
Keyword(s):  
Member State ◽  
Group Supervision ◽  
Popular Method ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
International Bank ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Bank Group ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
The Eu

This chapter discusses the cross-border supervision of banks. A currently popular method is ‘colleges’ of supervisors. The basic idea is that in order to regulate an international bank you convene a meeting of all of the regulators who regulate different parts of that bank (in jurisdictions which have different regulators for different financial activities there may be several regulators present from one jurisdiction), and discuss in a concerted fashion the progress and performance of the bank as a whole. However, the main problem with this approach is the conflicting views stemming from the different priorities of different regulators, driven generally by national considerations. The EU has adopted a lead supervisor approach in which a single supervisor is appointed as responsible for overseeing the affairs of any group which straddles more than one member state. Since the EU architecture does not, by and large, give national supervisors any actual powers outside their home jurisdictions, the role of EU lead supervisor is broadly confined to consolidated supervision.

Implementaon of digital economy elements in electric power industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Filimonov ◽  
N. D. Chichirova ◽  
A. A. Chichirov ◽  
A. A. Filimonovа
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Predictive Analytics ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Automation Systems

Energy generation, along with other sectors of Russia’s economy, is on the cusp of the era of digital transformation. Modern IT solutions ensure the transition of industrial enterprises from automation and computerization, which used to be the targets of the second half of the last century, to digital enterprise concept 4.0. The international record of technological and structural solutions in digitization may be used in Russia’s energy sector to the full extent. Specifics of implementation of such systems in different countries are only determined by the level of economic development of each particular state and the attitude of public authorities as related to the necessity of creating conditions for implementation of the same. It is shown that a strong legislative framework is created in Russia for transition to the digital economy, with research and applied developments available that are up to the international level. The following digital economy elements may be used today at enterprises for production of electrical and thermal energy: — dealing with large amounts of data (including operations exercised via cloud services and distributed data bases); — development of small scale distributed generation and its dispatching; — implementation of smart elements in both electric power and heat supply networks; — development of production process automation systems, remote monitoring and predictive analytics; 3D-modeling of parts and elements; real time mathematic simulation with feedback in the form of control actions; — creating centres for analytical processing of statistic data and accounting in financial and economic activities with business analytics functions, with expansion of communication networks and computing capacities. Examples are presented for implementation of smart systems in energy production and distribution. It is stated in the paper that state-of art information technologies are currently being implemented in Russia, new unique digital transformation projects are being launched in major energy companies. Yet, what is required is large-scale and thorough digitization and controllable energy production system as a multi-factor business process will provide the optimum combination of efficient economic activities, reliability and safety of power supply.

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