Sufis or Demons: Looking at the Social Context of Siyah Qalam’s Paintings

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-143
Author(s):  
Elham Shams ◽  
Farzaneh Farrokhfar
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Human Actions ◽  
Political Reality ◽  
The Social ◽  
Late Fifteenth ◽  
Rising Power

The paintings of demons attributed to Muhammad Siyah Qalam, which are primarily in album H. 2153 in the Topkapi Palace Museum, Istanbul, have been the centre of debate for many years. Basic questions are asked concerning their provenance. Demons performing human actions have raised several problems of interpretation and form the analytical focus of this article. Searching a certain historical period, the article seeks a socio-political reality that can be connected with these paintings. Iconographic elements and authentic Chinese paintings known to be sources of inspiration provide the possibility of discussing the Aq Qoyunlu era in the late fifteenth century as the social context, a time when the rising power of Sufism caused resentment in the court. Notes regarding Sufis written in the official chronicle during the reign of Yaqub Aq Qoyunlu, Tārikh-e-ĀlamĀrāy-e-Amini, relate to certain of the paintings and have not been mentioned prior to this article.

scholarly journals An Investigative Look at Healthcare Beliefs and Practices During the Sen Dynasty

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 61-74
Author(s):  
Dave Beine
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Dark Ages ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Late Fifteenth ◽  
Do So

There is not much known about Nepal during the historical period sometimes referred to as Nepal’s dark ages (750-1750 C.E.). And even less is known about the healthcare practices of the Sen Dynasty of Palpa, Nepal, which found its inception over 500 years ago, during the late fifteenth century. For this reason, anyone endeavoring to intelligently write on the subject must, much like an archaeologist, use a bit of educated conjecture to piece together a speculative, but historically plausible, picture of the healing practices likely employed during that period. In order to do so, this paper examines several pieces of evidence, both historic and contemporary, in order to infer what the healthcare practices of the populace of Palpa might have looked like at that time. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/dsaj.v6i0.8479 Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol. 6, 2012 61-74

Why This Time and Place?

Born to Write ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 10-19
Author(s):  
Neil Kenny
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Social Position ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
The Social ◽  
Late Fifteenth ◽  
The Revolution

From about the late fifteenth century onwards, literature and learning acquired increased importance for the social position of noble and elite-commoner families in France. One reason is the expansion and rise to prominence of the royal office-holder milieu, which had no exact equivalent in, say, England, where the aristocracy was much smaller than the French nobility and where there was no equivalent of the French system of venality of office. In France, family literature often helped extend across the generations a relationship between two families—that of the literary producer and that of the monarch. From the late Middle Ages, the conditions for family literature were made more favourable by broad social shifts. Although this study focuses mainly on the period from the late fifteenth to the mid-seventeenth century, it is likely that the production of works from within families of literary producers thrived especially up to the Revolution.

scholarly journals THE PRESERVATION OF CROSBY HALL, c. 1830–1850

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 687-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROSEMARY SWEET
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Domestic Architecture ◽  
Thomas More ◽  
Richard Iii ◽  
Commercial Development ◽  
National Heritage ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Fifteenth

ABSTRACTThis article offers a case-study of an early preservation campaign to save the remains of the fifteenth-century Crosby Hall in Bishopsgate, London, threatened with demolition in 1830, in a period before the emergence of national bodies dedicated to the preservation of historic monuments. It is an unusual and early example of a successful campaign to save a secular building. The reasons why the Hall's fate attracted the interest of antiquaries, architects, and campaigners are analysed in the context of the emergence of historical awareness of the domestic architecture of the late fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, as well as wider recognition of the importance of this period for Britain's urban and commercial development. The Hall's associations with Richard III and other historic figures, including Thomas More and Thomas Gresham, are shown to have been particularly important in generating wider public interest, thereby allowing the campaigners to articulate the importance of the Hall in national terms. The history of Crosby Hall illuminates how a discourse of national heritage emerged from the inherited tradition of eighteenth-century antiquarianism and highlights the importance of the social, professional, and familial networks that sustained proactive attempts to preserve the nation's monuments and antiquities.

scholarly journals Controversia en torno a la figura de Kate en "The Taming of the Shrew" de William Shakespeare

2015 ◽  
pp. 325
Author(s):  
Alicia Romero López
Keyword(s):  
William Shakespeare ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Social Constraints ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Female Figure ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
New Perspective

Este artículo pretende aportar una nueva mirada sobre el personaje de Katherina en la obra The Taming of the Shrew de William  Shakespeare. Este personaje femenino es en gran manera controvertido por la violencia y la sumisión a la que se ve sometido. En este trabajo se analizará si realmente estamos ante una mujer sometida o si, más bien, el texto nos presenta a una mujer que se escapa a las constricciones sociales de la época. Para ello tendremos en cuenta no solo el contexto histórico en el que se enmarca la obra, si no que se hará una breve revisión de las representaciones más importantes de esta obra en España (1947-2008), para señalar cómo el personaje de Katherina, y lo que este representa, varía en función de la época y la representación.This article offers a new perspective on the William Shakespeare's Kate in the The Taming of the Shrew. This female figure has been the subject of much controversy because of the violence and degradation to which she is subjected. This article questions whether we are presented with an oppressed woman, or whether in fact the text shows a woman who escapes the social constraints of the period. As part of this discussion the article not only discusses the historical period in which the play takes place, but also makes a brief summary of the most important Spanish productions of this play during the period (1947-2008), in order to show that Kate's character and what she represents differs according to each production and its social context.

The Social Context of Apostasy among Fifteenth-Century Spanish Jewry

2008 ◽  
pp. 173-198
Author(s):  
Ram Ben-Shalom
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The Self ◽  
New Rhetoric ◽  
Christian Art ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Messages

This chapter seeks to ground individual expressions of the new rhetoric in concrete details of the social context of apostasy that spawned it. It discusses how Jews and the Conversos engaged in the construction and reconstruction of their respective identities in response to the mass conversions. It also emphasizes how the Jew was an entirely contemporary concept and representative of real Jews and Conversos that is firmly rooted in the realities of social interaction during the fifteenth-century Castile. The chapter recognizes the elusiveness and mutability of ethnic and religious identity in formulating the essential characteristics of the self. It describes images of the anthropomorphized figures of Church and Synagogue that adorn the Christian art of western Europe and which contain theological and social messages revealing the chasm separating Christianity and Judaism.

Kashan Revisited: A Luster-Painted Ceramic Tombstone Inscribed with a Chronogram Poem by Muhtasham Kashani

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-286
Author(s):  
Yui Kanda
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Ceramic Production ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Entire Life ◽  
Textual Evidence ◽  
Production Site ◽  
The Social ◽  
Editing Process

The production site(s) of luster-painted ceramics from the fifteenth century onward have yet to be precisely identified due to a paucity of material and textual evidence regarding ceramic production during this period. This study focuses on a hitherto undeciphered Persian poem, which was inconspicuously inscribed in the unskilled nastaʿlīq script on a luster-painted ceramic tombstone dated 25 Jumada II 967 (March 23, 1560). This poem can be identified as a qiṭʿa by Muhtasham Kashani (d. 1588), a renowned court poet who spent his entire life in Kashan. The identification of this poem is particularly important for two reasons. First, it may imply that luster-painted ceramics were produced in Kashan during the early Safavid period. Second, it suggests that there is indeed potential for using epitaphs as historical sources, as the poem in question sheds valuable light on the editing process of Haft dīvān, as well as on the social context of the growing popularity of chronogram poems in Iran during this period.


“Apply to Muslims What Was Said of the Jews:” Popes and Canonists Between a Taxonomy of Otherness andInfidelitas

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan K. Stantchev
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Specific Target ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Law ◽  
Late Fifteenth ◽  
The One ◽  
Inherent Ambiguity

This article analyzes the targets of papal policies on Christians' relations with non-(Roman)Christians contained in canon law'sOn Jews, Saracens, and Their Servantsin a historical period that has attracted comparatively little attention: the mid-thirteenth to the late fifteenth century. It argues the inherent ambiguity of the normative discourse on “proper” relations with “infidels.” On the one hand, popes and canonists faithfully preserved a taxonomy of otherness inherited from the church's ancient past. On the other hand, they often reduced all difference to the pastoral distinction between flock and “infidels.” The conflation of non-Christians occurred in multiple ways: through the explicit extension of a specific policy's targets, overt canonistic discussion, the tacit application of the law to analogous situations, or its simplification for use in the confessional. As a result, a number of policies aimed originally at a specific target were applied to all non-Christians. In the course of the later Middle Ages, a whole group of policies meant to define Christians' proper relations with others became potentially applicable against all non-Christians. In the words of a widely, if regionally disseminated, penitential work, all that was said of the Jews applies to the Muslims and all that was said of heretics, applies to schismatics.

scholarly journals The Misericórdias as Social Economy Entities in Portugal and Spain

Religions ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 200
Author(s):  
Antonio José Macías Ruano ◽  
José Ramos Pires Manso ◽  
Jaime de Pablo Valenciano ◽  
María Esther Marruecos Rumí
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Social Economy ◽  
Social Relevance ◽  
Portuguese Empire ◽  
Care Services ◽  
The Social ◽  
Legal Structures ◽  
Late Fifteenth ◽  
Over Time

Las Santas Casas de Misericórdias (The Holy Houses of Mercy) are institutions of Portuguese origin that emerged in the late fifteenth century and that, over time, have expanded beyond the territories of the Portuguese Empire, including to Spain, where various Casas de Misericordia were created in their image and with similar purposes to the original. The Misericórdias continue to be relevant and present throughout Portugal, in various decolonized countries of the former Portuguese Empire, and in other territories that have been influenced by Portuguese emigration, and have always played an important role in the social care of citizens. In Spain, the Santas Casas de Misericordia do not have the same long history, nor the same social relevance as their Portuguese counterparts. However, even today, there are some Casas de Misericordia in Spain that provide social care services, having adopted various legal structures such as foundations, associations, and public entities.

scholarly journals Latvian Migrants in Great Britain: ‘The Great Departure’, Transnational Identity and Long Distance Belonging

2019 ◽  
pp. 119-144
Author(s):  
Mārtiņš Kaprāns
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
The Political ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Political Reality ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social

Abstract This chapter explores the transnational aspects of identity and the long distance belonging of Latvian migrants in Great Britain. In particular, it focuses on the discourses and practices of long distance belonging to Latvia. The article is based on a comparative analysis of The Emigrant Communities of Latvia survey data as well as semi-structured interviews with Latvian migrants in Great Britain. The analytical sections are organised so as to discuss the three main analytical contexts of long distance belonging: ethno-cultural, political and social. In the ethno-cultural context, migrants who identify themselves as ethnic Latvians rediscover and strengthen their links to the Latvian cultural space, its traditions and its ways of collective self-understanding. Conversely, the absence of this cultural capital among Russian-speaking migrants from Latvia advances their faster assimilation into British society. The political context of long distance belonging reveals high levels of distrust of the Latvian government and the migrants’ overall disappointment with Latvia’s political elite, as well as political apathy. Nevertheless, Latvian migrants in the United Kingdom are discovering new motivation and fresh opportunities to influence the political reality in Latvia and that has increased participation in Latvian national elections. The social context of long distance belonging, in turn, enables new forms of allegiance towards Latvia. These are manifested in philanthropic initiatives, in participation in various interest groups and in regular interest in what is happening in Latvia. The social context does not put the migrants’ activities into ethno-cultural or political frameworks, but encourages moral responsibility towards the people of Latvia.

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