scholarly journals Extending Urban Development on Water: Jakarta Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-265
Author(s):  
Rukuh Setiadi ◽  
Joerg Baumeister ◽  
Paul Burton ◽  
Johanna Nalau
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Coastal Cities ◽  
Metropolitan Cities ◽  
Development Trajectory ◽  
Rising Sea Levels

This article introduces the concept of ‘Sea Cities’ to emphasize a range of tactics to acknowledge the relationship between the sea and cities. This concept is critical for the possibility of integrating future aquatic-based urbanism to address climate change, and in particular, the issue of rising sea levels, which is currently faced by the majority of coastal cities. We compare and assess the tactics of four sea cities (i.e., to fortify, accommodate, release, and floating) against the case study of Jakarta. Jakarta is deemed to be among the metropolitan cities most vulnerable to sea level rise, owing to overpopulation alongside the fact that its land is sinking rapidly due to massive urban development. In order to understand the prospects and pitfalls of each tactic for Jakarta, we analyse scholarly literature on the subject, official government reports and documents, as well as policy briefs released by governments at the national level. This study finds that massive hard structural solutions are not only insufficient but also ineffective towards solving the challenges of climate change in Jakarta, especially the rising sea level. At the same time, it also identifies that while the combination of accommodating and floating tactics has never been considered as future a planning option, this could enable more resilient and adaptive solutions for the future development trajectory of Jakarta. In doing so, it could also provide important transferrable lessons for other coastal cities, especially those within developing countries.

scholarly journals Conservation Choices in the Face of Sea-Level Rise: A Case Study on Marsh Migration from Phippsburg, Maine

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 388-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahan T. M. Dissanayake ◽  
Meagan K. Hennessey
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Land Conservation ◽  
Simulation Data ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Decision Method ◽  
The Face ◽  
Rising Sea Levels ◽  
Knapsack Algorithm

We analyze the benefits of incorporating climate change into land conservation decisions using wetland migration under rising sea-levels as a case study. We use a simple and inexpensive decision method, a knapsack algorithm implemented in Excel, with (1) simulation data to show that ignoring sea-level rise predictions lead to suboptimal outcomes, and (2) an application to land conservation in Phippsburg, Maine to show the real-world applicability. The simulation shows an 11-percent to almost 30-percent gain in increased benefits when accounting for sea-level rise. The results highlight that it is possible to, and important to, incorporate sea-level rise into conservation planning.

scholarly journals Rising Sea Levels Bring a Tidal Change to Tourism

Eos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Sima
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Rising Sea Levels ◽  
Tidal Change

A series of industry posters reimagines iconic locales in light of sea level rise and issues a call for action against climate change.

Relocation as an Adaptation to Sea-Level Rise: Valuable Lessons from the Narikoso Village Relocation Project in Fiji

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Bertana
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Coastal Erosion ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
The Village

Relocation as an adaptation strategy to coastal degradation remains on the fringes of climate change discourse. Yet, as sea levels are projected to rise, relocating is an inevitable response for vulnerable coastal communities worldwide. In fact, some Fijian villages are facing such severe coastal erosion that they have already begun the process of shifting to higher ground, and many more villages throughout the islands have been slated for relocation. This case study is based on the planned relocation efforts of Narikoso village on Ono Island in Kadavu, Fiji. In Narikoso, regional NGOs, INGOs, and local and national government are working with the community to relocate the village inland. The process of moving the community began in 2012 when Prime Minister Bainimarama sent the Fiji military to Ono Island to clear land for the new village. It came to an abrupt stop due to a lack of funding and ecological degradation caused by the preparation for the new village site. Since the relocation process began, a myriad of issues have arisen ranging from concerns regarding community engagement, availability of financial resources, and resistance to moving inland.

scholarly journals Numerical Modeling of Saltwater Intrusion in the Rmel-Oulad Ogbane Coastal Aquifer (Larache, Morocco) in the Climate Change and Sea-Level Rise Context (2040)

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2167
Author(s):  
Mohamed Jalal EL Hamidi ◽  
Abdelkader Larabi ◽  
Mohamed Faouzi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Coastal Aquifer ◽  
Fresh Groundwater ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Rising Sea Levels ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
And Sea Level

Many coastal aquifers have experienced seawater intrusion (SWI) into fresh groundwater aquifers. The principal causes of SWI include over-pumping and events such as climate change (CC) and rising sea levels. In northern Morocco, the Rmel-Oulad Ogbane coastal aquifer (ROOCA) supplies high-quality groundwater for drinking water and agriculture. This favorable situation has led to increased pumping, resulting in environmental challenges such as dropping water table and SWI. Furthermore, the climate has resulted in less recharge, with an estimated annual precipitation of 602 mm and an average temperature of 18.5 °C. The goal of this study is to determine how CC, over-pumping, and sea-level rise (SLR) affect SWI. Computational groundwater and solute transport models are used to simulate the spatial and temporal evolution of hydraulic heads and groundwater solute concentrations. The calibration is based on steady and transient groundwater levels from 1962 to 2040. SWI simulations show that the NW sector of the coastal area would be polluted, with the toe reaching 5.2 km inland with a significant salinity (15–25 g/L). To protect the fresh water in the reservoir from SWI, enhanced groundwater development and management approaches for this aquifer are required, such as artificial recharge from surface water.

scholarly journals Financing resilience efforts to confront future urban and sea-level rise flooding: Are coastal megacities in Association of Southeast Asian Nations doing enough?

2021 ◽  
pp. 239980832199443
Author(s):  
Amar Causevic ◽  
Matthew LoCastro ◽  
Dharish David ◽  
Sujeetha Selvakkumaran ◽  
Åsa Gren
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Urban Flooding ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Coastal Cities ◽  
Rising Sea Levels ◽  
Adaptation Action

Continued greenhouse gas emissions will lead to a rise in temperatures, accompanied by rising sea levels threatening low-lying coastal cities. This vulnerability is especially acute in developing countries’ cities. This study reviews whether Bangkok, Manila, and Jakarta, less prepared emerging urban centers of developing countries, are investing in adaptation projects for resilience against sea-level rise and urban flooding. Sea-level rise and urban flooding resilience projects were identified in the selected cities through secondary research methods, data on multilateral climate funds, and other aggregated funding databases such as Aid Atlas, Cities Adaptation Action, and City Risk Index. Our findings show that even though these cities do have some adaptation projects to address coastal flooding and rising sea-level threats, the funding has been disparate and dispersed due to a lack of continuous, sizeable, and diverse financing options and does not come close to the requirement, given the risks, of covering potential disaster-related losses. Our findings further highlight the need to expand financing beyond multilateral funds and bilateral funding agreements and to include financial mechanisms that incentivize potential stakeholders to invest in projects that ordinarily are considered nonrevenue generating.

Environment

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mira Kamdar
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Financial Capital ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Coastal Cities ◽  
Rising Sea Levels

How will climate change affect India? With its large population, long coastlines, and location near the equator, India is particularly vulnerable to the negative effects of global warming. Rising sea levels will threaten the country’s many coastal cities, including the financial capital, Mumbai, and the...

scholarly journals Establishment of a Flood Nomograph in Coastal Areas Considering Sea-Level Rise

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 313-322
Author(s):  
Dong Jun Kim ◽  
Kyung Min Choi ◽  
Yang Ho Song ◽  
Jung Ho Lee
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Urban Flooding ◽  
Flood Forecast ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Coastal Cities ◽  
Rising Sea Levels

Climate change caused by global warming is raising the average sea level. The rise in sea level leads to an increase in river water levels within the affected range, which increases the possibility of flooding in water due to erosion of outfall to the coast and rivers. Therefore, it is necessary to recognize in advance the risk of occurrence of domestic flooding, which is aggravated by the effect of rising sea levels, and to construct new boundary conditions for predicting urban flooding accordingly. In this study, Flood Nomograph for two research areas was selected in consideration of the regional characteristics of coastal areas and the scenario of sea level rise. As a result of the analysis, as the sea level rose, the amount of flood critical rainfall decreased numerically. It is believed that this study can be used as a necessary basis for improving flood forecast and warning data considering sea level rise in coastal cities in the future.

scholarly journals City of Flux: Liberating the Concrete Terrain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Tara-Lee Carden
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Central City ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Coastal Cities ◽  
The World ◽  
Imminent Threat

<p>In recent decades the world has increasingly become aware of our role in the continual degradation of our planet’s natural environment. One of the most influential and controversial issues of the Twenty First Century is climate change and a subsequent rise in global sea-levels. The implications of the most recent scientific predictions will play out over the following century and beyond, significantly affecting millions of people and thousands of coastal cities around the world. Accelerated sea-level rise globally will demand urban, landscape and architectural solutions for low-lying regions to respond over the coming decades to the extensive changes that will occur.  New Zealand has a vast coastline and therefore will be particularly vulnerable to the predicted one-half, to two meter rise in sea-level during the following century (Evans, Milfont, and Lawrence 3). As occupants of an island nation, New Zealanders’ share a strong affinity to water. The earliest Maori settlements to the most recent developments in New Zealand have occurred predominantly in coastal regions, taking advantage of both land and marine resources. In order to envision a vital future for New Zealand’s coastal cities, the temporality of the relationship between these urban centres and the sea forces us to confront the transitory quality of our place within it. Simultaneously, the design proposal presented in this thesis recognises that Wellington has historically reclaimed large areas of land to form the majority of the central city seen today, and that in order to flourish in the coming century of climate change will require urban design more responsive than we know today.  The imminent threat of the encroaching ocean within the high value precinct of Wellington’s central business district provides an opportunity to engage with the dynamic transition from land based activities to those functions that engage with incremental flooding. Using a critical transect of Wellington’s central city this thesis proposes a system of intervention to modify a section of the existing urban fabric to accommodate, prepare and adapt for flooding. The aim of this design investigation will be to place the programme as a hinge between land and sea.</p>

scholarly journals City of Flux: Liberating the Concrete Terrain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Tara-Lee Carden
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Central City ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Coastal Cities ◽  
The World ◽  
Imminent Threat

<p>In recent decades the world has increasingly become aware of our role in the continual degradation of our planet’s natural environment. One of the most influential and controversial issues of the Twenty First Century is climate change and a subsequent rise in global sea-levels. The implications of the most recent scientific predictions will play out over the following century and beyond, significantly affecting millions of people and thousands of coastal cities around the world. Accelerated sea-level rise globally will demand urban, landscape and architectural solutions for low-lying regions to respond over the coming decades to the extensive changes that will occur.  New Zealand has a vast coastline and therefore will be particularly vulnerable to the predicted one-half, to two meter rise in sea-level during the following century (Evans, Milfont, and Lawrence 3). As occupants of an island nation, New Zealanders’ share a strong affinity to water. The earliest Maori settlements to the most recent developments in New Zealand have occurred predominantly in coastal regions, taking advantage of both land and marine resources. In order to envision a vital future for New Zealand’s coastal cities, the temporality of the relationship between these urban centres and the sea forces us to confront the transitory quality of our place within it. Simultaneously, the design proposal presented in this thesis recognises that Wellington has historically reclaimed large areas of land to form the majority of the central city seen today, and that in order to flourish in the coming century of climate change will require urban design more responsive than we know today.  The imminent threat of the encroaching ocean within the high value precinct of Wellington’s central business district provides an opportunity to engage with the dynamic transition from land based activities to those functions that engage with incremental flooding. Using a critical transect of Wellington’s central city this thesis proposes a system of intervention to modify a section of the existing urban fabric to accommodate, prepare and adapt for flooding. The aim of this design investigation will be to place the programme as a hinge between land and sea.</p>

scholarly journals Economic damages from Hurricane Sandy attributable to sea level rise caused by anthropogenic climate change

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin H. Strauss ◽  
Philip M. Orton ◽  
Klaus Bittermann ◽  
Maya K. Buchanan ◽  
Daniel M. Gilford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
East Coast ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hurricane Sandy ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Anthropogenic Climate Change ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Sea Levels

AbstractIn 2012, Hurricane Sandy hit the East Coast of the United States, creating widespread coastal flooding and over $60 billion in reported economic damage. The potential influence of climate change on the storm itself has been debated, but sea level rise driven by anthropogenic climate change more clearly contributed to damages. To quantify this effect, here we simulate water levels and damage both as they occurred and as they would have occurred across a range of lower sea levels corresponding to different estimates of attributable sea level rise. We find that approximately $8.1B ($4.7B–$14.0B, 5th–95th percentiles) of Sandy’s damages are attributable to climate-mediated anthropogenic sea level rise, as is extension of the flood area to affect 71 (40–131) thousand additional people. The same general approach demonstrated here may be applied to impact assessments for other past and future coastal storms.

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