Disaster Risk Governance in Bangladesh: How Do NGOs Find Themselves in the Network?

2021 ◽  
pp. 097542532110402
Author(s):  
Liam Johnson ◽  
Mohammad Shahidul Hasan Swapan ◽  
Md. Ashikuzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Network Governance ◽  
Risk Governance ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
Global Perspectives ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
State Interventions

The roles and responsibilities of state-led organizations have remained the primary focus of disaster risk governance (DRG) literature. While integration of NGOs into formal disaster risk reduction (DRR) has been persistently promoted by the recent United Nations’ DRG frameworks to support state interventions, the low uptake of embracing core principles of DRR by NGOs is noted. Tension within network governance of DRG, including state and non-governmental actors, is also reported by several scholars, particularly in developing countries, but has not been investigated empirically with greater details. To contribute to this research agenda, the study aims to explore how NGOs perceive and value their contributions to DRG. Based on a structured questionnaire survey with development activists (DAs) from NGOs in the southwest coastal region of Bangladesh, the study found that reactive interventions (emergency response and post-disaster support) by them was perceived to be the most critical focus of DRG despite changing theoretical and global perspectives towards pre-disaster preparedness and mitigative measures. Vertical network governance was favoured within NGOs’ own networks outside the state’s direct supervision, identifying a critical role played by local NGOs. The capacity of leadership of NGOs was promoted by the respondents who worked in decision-making positions within their organizations, whilst professionals with lack of experience within the NGO sector tended to favour state actors. The findings could be critical in understanding local capacities and in co-creating hazard specific plans using various stakeholders.

scholarly journals Challenges in Implementing Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction in Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (14) ◽  
pp. 2574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Goniewicz ◽  
Frederick M. Burkle
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Risk Governance ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
Essential Step ◽  
Sendai Framework

Currently, weather conditions and extreme weather are becoming more frequent and more intense. Along with climate change, the vulnerability of society and individual regions to the risk of various types of threats also increases. The objectives of “The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030”, are the first global political frameworks of the United Nations program designed for the period post-2015. The original priority objectives of the Framework are: Understanding disaster risk, strengthening disaster risk governance to manage disaster risk, investing in disaster risk reduction for resilience, and enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response, and to “Build Back Better” in recovery, rehabilitation, and reconstruction. The provisions contained in the document are an essential step towards building global political coherence with an apparent reference to health, development, and climate change. The article is briefly reporting current Disaster Risk Reduction related programs and policies in Poland, contributions as part of The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction implementation, and its challenges.

scholarly journals Multi-Risk Assessment and Management—A Comparative Study of the Current State of Affairs in Chile and Ecuador

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1366
Author(s):  
Stefan Greiving ◽  
Leonie Schödl ◽  
Karl-Heinz Gaudry ◽  
Iris Katherine Quintana Miralles ◽  
Benjamín Prado Larraín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
International Strategy ◽  
Metropolitan Regions ◽  
Current State ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Output Indicators

In Chile and Ecuador, multiple hazards and dynamic processes in vulnerability pose a high risk. Spatial planning and emergency management can contribute to disaster risk management but they follow different goals. However, global goals, such as from UN-ISDR (United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Risk Reduction) and UN SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals) can potentially support cities and regions in defining concerted action. This paper aims at measuring the performance of Chile and Ecuador in regard to the aforementioned policy goals. Although both countries show considerable progresses in the implementation of the UN strategies, it is doubtful that the existing global monitoring approach is appropriately designed for measuring the real situation on the ground. Our paper is based on a desktop research combined with stakeholder workshops and expert interviews. Overall, both countries made considerable progress in regard to disaster preparedness and monitoring. However, multi-risks are rarely considered and there is still increasing vulnerability due to the expansion of informal settlements. The risk management is characterized by an imbalanced distribution of financial resources and institutional capacities between the metropolitan regions and smaller municipalities, and by low public participation and hardly community-based approaches. The paper underlines the importance for more qualitative, in-depth studies on the root causes of disaster risk which could complement the global monitoring which is very much focused on quantitative data and shows inconsistency between input and output indicators.

Post-Preparedness Medical Disaster Response in Costa Rica

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Bissell ◽  
Ernesto Pretto ◽  
Derek C. Angus ◽  
Bern Shen ◽  
Victor Ruíz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Urban Populations ◽  
Radio Communications ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
Epidemiologic Data

AbstractIntroduction:The 1991 earthquake in the Limón area of Costa Rica presented the opportunity to examine the effectiveness of a decade of disaster preparedness.Hypothesis:Costa Rica's concentrated work in disaster preparedness would result in significantly better management of the disaster response than was evident in earlier disasters in Guatemala and Nicaragua, where disaster preparedness largely was absent.Methods:Structured interviews with disaster responders in and outside of government, and with victims and victims' neighbors. Clinical and epidemiologic data were collected through provider agencies and the coroner's office.Results:Medical aspects of the disaster response were effective and well-managed through a network of clinic-based radio communications. Nonmedical aspects showed confusion resulting from: 1) poor government understanding of the roles and responsibilities of the central disaster coordinating agency; and 2) poor extension of disaster preparedness activities to the rural area that was affected by the earthquake.Conclusion:To be effective, disaster preparedness activities need to include all levels of government and rural, as well as urban, populations.

scholarly journals Multi-Sectoral Reflections and Efforts in Strengthening Partnerships to Reduce Disaster Risk in Mexico: The First MuSe-IDRiM Conference

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 686-691
Author(s):  
Irasema Alcántara-Ayala ◽  
Daniel Rodríguez-Velázquez ◽  
Ricardo J. Garnica-Peña ◽  
Alejandra Maldonado-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Disaster Risk Management ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Risk Governance ◽  
Civil Protection

Abstract Notwithstanding the high societal impact of disasters in Mexico, there is a lack of integrated efforts to establish a sound policy for reducing disaster risk to counterbalance the existing concentrated endeavors in disaster management. In the face of such segmentation, the science and technology community has advocated for a change of perspective, from civil protection to integrated disaster risk management. The first Multi-Sectoral Conference towards Integrated Disaster Risk Management in Mexico: Building a National Public Policy (MuSe-IDRiM Conference) was held in Mexico City at National Autonomous University of Mexico, 21–24 October 2019. In support of the implementation of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030, the conference aimed at enhancing the dialogue between the science and technology community, citizens, civil society organizations, private and public sectors, and the federal, state, and municipal governments to foster the process of transforming the current National Civil Protection System into a national public policy oriented towards integrated disaster risk management (DRM). Barriers and challenges to the implementation of integrated DRM were identified. Implementation of integrated DRM challenges current socioeconomic structures and encourages all relevant stakeholders to think, decide, and act from a different perspective and within and across spatial, temporal, jurisdictional, and institutional scales. Understanding disaster risk from an integrated approach, learning skills that authorities have not learned or used, and hence, strengthening disaster risk governance are prerequisites to effectively manage disaster risk.

scholarly journals From disaster relief to disaster risk reduction: a consideration of the evolving international relief mechanism

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewald Van Niekerk
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Relief ◽  
Development Assistance ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Development Aid ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Gradual Shift ◽  
International Policies

Disaster risk reduction is an ever-growing concept and finds its application within various disciplines. This article investigates the development of disaster risk reduction and some of the most important aspects which shaped it. The early years of international disaster relief are discussed and it is shown how a change in this system was necessitated by a variety of factors and international disasters, which exposed its weakness. The article argues that disaster relief and development aid were inextricably linked and it is this linkage which provided a catalyst for questioning the manner in which relief, and development assistance, were provided. The later emphasis on disaster preparedness and management is discussed, and international policies and mechanisms, which contributed to a gradual shift in focus towards disaster risk reduction, enjoy attention. The article concludes that solutions to disaster risks lie within a rigorous trans- disciplinary focus.

Active Learning and Disaster Risk Reduction

2018 ◽  
pp. 166-189
Author(s):  
LaMesha Lashal Craft
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Media Technology ◽  
Resilient Communities ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Social Media Technology

The author provides a robust discussion of an ethnographic case study to facilitate creative thinking about how to use communications and social media technology to build resilience and improve citizen disaster preparedness through a “Be Ready” trivia campaign. This research can inform strategies to achieve several of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as well as the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction's Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR). Future research directions include a new community resilience index that measures citizens' use of communications and social media technology. Implications for social change include raising the level of public awareness and facilitating a means to improve personal responsibility for disaster preparedness through low cost education programs. This could improve efforts by government and non-government organizations to improve disaster risk reduction; increase access to information and communication technology; increase disaster emergency planning and response; and build resilient communities.

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