scholarly journals Multi-Risk Assessment and Management—A Comparative Study of the Current State of Affairs in Chile and Ecuador

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1366
Author(s):  
Stefan Greiving ◽  
Leonie Schödl ◽  
Karl-Heinz Gaudry ◽  
Iris Katherine Quintana Miralles ◽  
Benjamín Prado Larraín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
International Strategy ◽  
Metropolitan Regions ◽  
Current State ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Output Indicators

In Chile and Ecuador, multiple hazards and dynamic processes in vulnerability pose a high risk. Spatial planning and emergency management can contribute to disaster risk management but they follow different goals. However, global goals, such as from UN-ISDR (United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Risk Reduction) and UN SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals) can potentially support cities and regions in defining concerted action. This paper aims at measuring the performance of Chile and Ecuador in regard to the aforementioned policy goals. Although both countries show considerable progresses in the implementation of the UN strategies, it is doubtful that the existing global monitoring approach is appropriately designed for measuring the real situation on the ground. Our paper is based on a desktop research combined with stakeholder workshops and expert interviews. Overall, both countries made considerable progress in regard to disaster preparedness and monitoring. However, multi-risks are rarely considered and there is still increasing vulnerability due to the expansion of informal settlements. The risk management is characterized by an imbalanced distribution of financial resources and institutional capacities between the metropolitan regions and smaller municipalities, and by low public participation and hardly community-based approaches. The paper underlines the importance for more qualitative, in-depth studies on the root causes of disaster risk which could complement the global monitoring which is very much focused on quantitative data and shows inconsistency between input and output indicators.

scholarly journals Informal cadastres as enabling tools for disaster risk management

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-73
Author(s):  
Edward KURWAKUMIRE ◽  
◽  
Shelter KUZHAZHA ◽  
Paul MUCHECHETERE ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Domain Model ◽  
Disaster Risk Management ◽  
Development Goals

Disaster Risk Management requires up-to-date land information availed through the cadastre. Informal settlements are often located in disaster prone areas. Having up-to-date land information about these informal settlements is one step towards disaster preparedness and building community resilience in the highway towards sustainable development. This study designs conceptual models using unified modelling language (UML) for an informal cadastre for recording land information pertinent to disaster risk management based on a South African case study. The results demonstrate that land tenure relationships in informal settlements can be mapped using the Social Tenure Domain Model (STDM). The importance of disaster information is that it provides communities with information to tackle disasters and improve in their capabilities to handle them. With such information, the disaster risk can be minimised. This study is aligned to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 1 and 3. The linkage between spatial data, disaster resilience and the SDGs is explored.

scholarly journals Assessing Importance of Disaster Preparedness Factors for Sustainable Disaster Risk Management: The Case of the Slovak Republic

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9121
Author(s):  
Michal Titko ◽  
Jozef Ristvej
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
General Public ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Disaster Risk Management ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
The Public

Regarding the prognoses of disasters in the future connected with climate change, disaster risk management (DRM) is becoming one of the decisive elements of sustainable development. The possibility of involving the general public to DRM implementation is, currently, a frequently discussed topic. In particular, population preparedness for the involvement of the public is questionable and, therefore, the understanding of the conditions that facilitate public preparedness for disasters is decisive. This article presents the results of research that investigates the factors affecting (1) the objective preparedness of the population, as well as (2) the subjective perception of our preparedness for disasters. The statistical analysis discovered that both sides of the public’s preparedness depended especially on their experience with disasters, the awareness of the possible risks and appropriate procedures to solve situations, and the economic potential of the households. The results emphasize the need to support the process of increasing the awareness of risks and the possible preventive procedures that can be carried out before disasters by the public, including the more economically vulnerable groups. In this area, the collaboration of the responsible authorities and general public is very desirable. Therefore, our study and its results can serve as a support for creating the DRM policies and sustainable development.

From theory to practice

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Ying Yang Chan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Field Experience ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Project Planning ◽  
Programme Implementation ◽  
Actual Field ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Abstract Framework

This chapter introduces some myths of health promotion, the project cycle of health and disaster preparedness education programmes, needs assessment, project planning, programme implementation and monitoring, programme evaluation, and notes for organizers and participants of health and disaster preparedness education programmes. Concrete examples will be provided to put the abstract framework into use. This chapter integrates the themes in previous chapters with relevant insights gained from actual field experience in Asia, focusing on programme implementation field experience and lessons learnt, as well as the practical challenges and problems encountered in the field in rural Asian settings. It will also discuss the field-policy nexus, that is, the fulfilment of policy ambitions in such international policy frameworks like the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015–2030), and the Paris Agreement for Climate Change by rural field programmes in health, emergency, and disaster risk reduction.

scholarly journals Modelling procedures for assessing the effectiveness of innovative projects under the conditions of risk and uncertainty

2018 ◽  
pp. 106-114
Author(s):  
Yaroslav Paraniuk
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Risk Sharing ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Market Environment ◽  
Full Account ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Current State ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Output Indicators

While considering the current state of innovative projects, it is expedient to take into account the risk factor which makes it possible to adapt to the market environment. Due to high risks ways should be sought to minimize them. The research paper presents such methods of minimizing risks, namely: risk-sharing between project participants; carrying out insurance of projects; reserving funds for contingent expenses. With regard to characteristics of particular industry, the scheme for classification of innovative risks is proposed. It is pointed out that the distinguishing feature of innovation risks is that they are determined for each stage of the product innovation life cycle from the perspective of scientific, technological and commercial success. And then, the integral or, in other words, overall risk is determined. It is noted that in order to adequately assess the effectiveness of the project, it is necessary to have sufficient information to form a reasonable hypotheses about the probable distribution of the key parameters of the project. In such cases, the missing data is replaced by the values obtained in the process of determining the integral risk. The identification of integral risks is especially effective in cases where the processes under consideration are too complex, have a random (stochastic) nature or cannot be studied under real conditions. The simplest integral models are often used to generate source data that has some permissible properties. It is argued that in order to obtain the most accurate results it is expedient to use the method of problem-thematic (innovative) forecasting, since it will make it possible to take full account of all interconnections between the initial indicators of the project. The proposed procedures for assessing the effectiveness and risk management can be used by industrial enterprises that carry out risk management in order to avoid a crisis in an uncertain market environment. It is proved that in order to perform the procedures for assessing the effectiveness of innovative projects, it is necessary to follow five stages: to establish the relationships between initial and base indicators in the form of a mathematical equation or inequality; to set laws of probability distribution for key parameters of the model; to carry out computer simulation of knowledge of the key parameters of the model; to calculate the basic characteristics of probability distribution of initial and output indicators; to analyze the results and make decisions.

Building Disaster Risk Reduction in Asia: A Way Forward

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-147
Author(s):  
Earl Kessler
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Disaster Risk Management ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Urban Disaster ◽  
Domestic Capital

Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC) was established in 1986. It was restructured in July 2003 to focus on specific technical areas: climate variability and change management, urban disaster risk management, public health in emergencies, building national and provincial disaster management systems, and community based disaster risk management (CBDRM), promoting regional cooperation, identifying disaster risk management (DRM) needs in the region and developing strategic solutions. The consolidation enables ADPC's teams to work more effectively with stakeholders and build cross-team inputs into their work. Multiple hazards under this new thematic approach are a key concept along with new areas of importance to DRM that include chemical, biological and radio-nuclear risks, heritage and disaster mitigation, and the role of domestic capital markets in financing improvements in the built environment to create a safer, more disaster-resilient world. The terms “risk management”, “risk reduction”, “vulnerability reduction”, “capacity building” and “mitigation” began replacing the reactive term “disaster management”, thus making pro-active DRM in Asia part of the development agenda that must deal with the growing variety and intensity of hazards. It was a shift from short-term, reactive, charity-driven responses to long-term, proactive, development initiatives. Making the right development choices requires coordinated efforts by committed leaders who have the political will and determination to include risk reduction measures in their policies and plans; a corporate sector that will prioritise risk issues and include them into their business plans; scientists who will provide the knowledge and understanding of current and new areas of risk reduction; committed non-government agencies that advocate for risk reduction; educators who are responsible for shaping the awareness of future generations; a mass media that has the power to influence and change behaviour; and informed citizens who make choices about the risks in their lives.

scholarly journals Planning of a Health Emergency Disaster Risk Management Programme for a Chinese Ethnic Minority Community

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1046
Author(s):  
Greta Tam ◽  
Emily Chan ◽  
Sida Liu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Disaster Risk Management ◽  
Oral Rehydration ◽  
Minority Community ◽  
Disaster Experience ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Interactive Workshop

Rural populations living in poverty are the most vulnerable to disaster. Despite this increased risk of recurrent disaster, previous disaster experience is not a good predictor for disaster preparedness in these populations. This was evidenced on 31 August 2012, when a major flood occurred in Sichuan, China. A health needs assessment carried out in December 2012 showed that residents of Hongyan village, a Yi-minority community in Sichuan lacked disaster preparedness. This indicated that measures were necessary to improve Health Emergency Disaster Risk Management (Health-EDRM) in the community. Nutbeam’s planning model for health promotion was used to guide the development of a Health-EDRM programme at Hongyan Village, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan. Relevant information was obtained from sources such as literature review, household surveys and stakeholder interviews. A team of stakeholders conducted an interactive workshop to train villagers on disaster preparedness in March 2014. Disaster kits and equipment for Oral Rehydration Solution preparation were handed out to villagers.

scholarly journals Risk-Layering for Indirect Effects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Hochrainer-Stigler ◽  
Karina Reiter
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Insurance Industry ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Disaster Risk Management ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Goals

AbstractEnvironmental risks are one of the greatest threats in the twenty-first century. Especially in the last years, the cascading impacts and risks associated with such events have received great attention as economic losses and consequences have mounted in their wake. As concerns about these ripple effects are rising, strategies to prevent and manage indirect risks are in urgent demand. However, such effects are currently barely considered in most countries and can seriously threaten global agendas such as achieving the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030 or the targets set out in the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015−2030. We discuss how the concept of risk-layering, which, though already applied in disaster risk management, could be expanded to include indirect effects. We point out some of the benefits, limitations, and ways forward for using this approach. To do so, we first delineate the transition of the risk-layering concept, which originated from the insurance industry, from its original use to its application in a wider context. We bring special focus to the application of risk-layering in disaster risk management and identify strategies that allow for the inclusion of indirect risks. Our main suggestion is that, while a probabilistic approach is appropriate for evaluating direct risks, a focus on connectedness is appropriate for indirect risks, which still allows for an easy link to direct risk-layering. This, so we argue, facilitates more comprehensive risk management systems apt to deal with the multi-dimensional challenges ahead.

scholarly journals Brief communication: Strengthening coherence between climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction through policies, methods and practices in Europe

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Mysiak ◽  
Sergio Castellari ◽  
Blaz Kurnik ◽  
Rob Swart ◽  
Patrick Pringle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Climate Risk Management

Abstract. Reducing natural hazard risks and adapting to climate change are ever more important policy goals. Sound climate risk management will lessen the impacts of disaster risks and contribute to boosting resilience. Climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction have to some extent been mainstreamed into international and national policies but it is important to ensure that the resulting efforts are consistent and mutually supportive. The EEA report »Climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction in Europe: enhancing coherence of the knowledge base, policies and practices« identifies several ways how the coherence between CCA and DRR can be promoted.

scholarly journals CCOUC Ethnic Minority Health Project: A Case Study for Health EDRM Initiatives to Improve Disaster Preparedness in a Rural Chinese Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5322
Author(s):  
Kevin K. C. Hung ◽  
Makiko K. MacDermot ◽  
Emily Y. Y. Chan ◽  
Sida Liu ◽  
Zhe Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Minority Health ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Disaster Risk Management ◽  
Health Project ◽  
Education Interventions

Disasters disproportionately impact poor and marginalised populations due to greater vulnerability induced by various risk determinants, such as compromised living conditions, language barriers, and limited resources for disaster risk management. Health Emergency and Disaster Risk Management (Health EDRM) emphasises a people- and community-centred approach for building stronger capacities in communities and countries since community members are often the first responders to health emergencies and should be central to effective risk management. A key action for promoting community disaster preparedness is the provision of Health EDRM education interventions. The Ethnic Minority Health Project (EHMP) has provided community-based Health EDRM education interventions in 16 ethnic minority-based villages in remote areas of China since 2009. It aims to enhance community disaster preparedness and resilience by improving health-risk literacy and self-help capacity at the individual and household levels. This case study outlines the first EHMP project in an ethnic minority-based community (Ma’an Qiao Village) in Sichuan Province, China. It highlights the key elements for planning and managing such a project and is a good demonstration of an effective Health EDRM workforce development project in rural communities. This report concludes with five recommendations for setting up a sustainable and effective Health EDRM education intervention in similar contexts.

International Efforts Toward Robustness of Flood Management

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1202-1210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiko Murase ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Flood Management ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Development Goals

Practical flood management depends on the extent to which the cost of taking risks is shared in a society among governments, interested parties, communities, and individuals. Risk management calls for identification, analysis, assessment, control, avoidance, minimization, or elimination of unacceptable risks through policies, procedures, and practices under three strategies for risk management: reduction, retention, and transfer. Flood risk management under a variety of uncertainties, such as the impacts of climate change, favors the implementation of flexible and adaptive management in top-down and bottom-up approaches. The former uses projections of global or spatially downscaled models to drive resource models and project impacts. The latter uses policy or planning tools to identify which changes in climate would most threaten their long-range plans or operations. Particularly for the bottom-up approaches, appropriate indicators that directly assess the flood risk of each area are essential. This study analyzes the international efforts of robust flood management from the top-down and bottom-up approaches, such as insurance and indicator and management systems, to seek incentive mechanisms for risk management. To implement international commitments, such as the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, there are gaps in implementing a holistic approach to flood management strategies and, therefore, mainstreaming disaster risk reduction and addressing sustainable development. The robustness of flood management requires the capacity-building necessary to understand and sufficiently respond to flood hazards, vulnerabilities, and benefits as an important evolutionary link in the transition between implementing global development goals, such as the Sustainable Development Goals, and disaster risk-reduction activities. There are three challenges: data and information infrastructure, inter-disciplinary knowledge development, and trans-disciplinary policy.

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