scholarly journals Caste Exclusion and Health Discrimination in South Asia: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 101053952110146
Author(s):  
Raksha Thapa ◽  
Edwin van Teijlingen ◽  
Pramod Raj Regmi ◽  
Vanessa Heaslip
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Caste System ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Caste Status ◽  
Comprehensive Search ◽  
Stratification System ◽  
Comprehensive Search Strategy

The caste system is social stratification system that has been used over the last 3 millennia. This review aims to investigate caste-based inequity in health care utilization in South Asia, particularly focusing those at the bottom of the caste hierarchy, commonly known as Dalit communities. A systematic methodology was followed; key databases (including CINAHL, Medline, SocINDEX, PubMed, Nepjol, JSTOR, and ASSIA) were searched for relevant articles published before October 2019, using comprehensive search strategy in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. In total 15,109 papers were found, and from these, 9 selected papers were included in the review. The papers focused on studies in both India (n = 7) and Nepal (n = 2) and utilized a range of methods including qualitative (n = 2), quantitative (n = 3), and mixed methods (n = 4) approaches. The review identified 4 main themes: stigma, poverty, cultures and beliefs, and health care. Caste-based inequity impacts upon all aspects of an individual’s well-being including violence and everyday life risks. Caste also impacts upon individuals’ opportunities to access education, employment, and health care. Dalits appear to experience this more significantly due to both poverty and their caste status, which increases their vulnerability to health risks.

scholarly journals Adolescent self-rated health predicts general practice attendance in adulthood: Results from the Young-HUNT1 survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Øystein Hetlevik ◽  
Tina L. Vie ◽  
Eivind Meland ◽  
Hans J. Breidablik ◽  
David Jahanlu
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
General Practitioner ◽  
Body Satisfaction ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Self Rated Health

Aims: Self-rated health (SRH) is a predictor of future health. However, the association between SRH in adolescence and health problems and health care utilization in adulthood has rarely been investigated. The aim of this study was to examine adolescent SRH as a predictor of general practitioner consultations in adulthood. Methods: SRH was registered in the Young-HUNT1 survey in 1995–1997 ( N=8828, mean age 16 years, 88% participation rate). General practitioner consultations during 2006–2014 were obtained from a national claims database. The predictive value of adolescent SRH on general practitioner consultations in adulthood was analysed by regression models estimating the relative risks (RR) for the total number of consultations and consultations for psychological, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal or respiratory problems. Age, sex and baseline measures of chronic disease and health care attendance were used as the adjusting variables. Results: SRH was reported as ‘very good’ by 28.4%, ‘good’ by 60.6% and ‘not good’ by 11.0% of the respondents. The increases in consultation rates were 21% (RR 1.21, 95% CI 1.15–1.27) and 52% (RR 1.52, 95% CI 1.40–1.64) when comparing respondents with ‘very good’ SRH to those with ‘good’ and ‘not good’ SRH, respectively. We also demonstrated a dose–response association between adolescent SRH and general practitioner consultations for psychological, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal or respiratory problems. Conclusions: SRH in adolescence is a predictor for general practitioner consultations in adult life. Previous research shows that SRH is influenced by factors such as well-being, health behaviour, functional status and body satisfaction. Intervention studies are needed to evaluate whether population-based and clinical interventions can improve SRH by improving these factors among adolescents.

scholarly journals Who Gets Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Does Seeing a Gastroenterologist Affect Its Course?

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (suppl b) ◽  
pp. 5B-7B
Author(s):  
Charles N Bernstein
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Health Care Utilization ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Office Visits ◽  
Utilization Patterns ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
The Impact

A review of studies involving patients with irritable bowel syndrome is presented. This review looks at the impact of gastroenterology consultation on health care utilization patterns and the well-being of the patient when followed up over a two-year period. A structured gastroenterological consultation between the physician and patient may decrease the number of office visits for gastrointestinal- related problems.

Resilience

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 390-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark D. Seery
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Chronic Back Pain ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Adverse Life Events ◽  
History Of ◽  
Health And Well Being

When adverse life events occur, people often suffer negative consequences for their mental health and well-being. More adversity has been associated with worse outcomes, implying that the absence of life adversity should be optimal. However, some theory and empirical evidence suggest that the experience of facing difficulties can also promote benefits in the form of greater propensity for resilience when dealing with subsequent stressful situations. I review research that demonstrates U-shaped relationships between lifetime adversity exposure and mental health and well-being, functional impairment and health care utilization in chronic back pain, and responses to experimentally induced pain. Specifically, a history of some lifetime adversity predicts better outcomes than not only a history of high adversity but also a history of no adversity. This has important implications for understanding resilience, suggesting that adversity can have benefits.

Body Appreciation and Health Care Avoidance: A Brief Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mackenzie Cook ◽  
Virginia Ramseyer Winter ◽  
Elizabeth A O’Neill
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Social Work ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Care Use ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Body Appreciation ◽  
Social Work Interventions ◽  
Work Education

Abstract Research suggests that body image is related to health behaviors and health care use, but possible mechanisms for this relationship remain unclear. The current study examined the presence of a relationship between body appreciation and avoiding the doctor to avoid being weighed, using a diverse sample of women (N = 499). Controlling for body size and determinants of health care utilization, logistic regression results suggested that women with higher body appreciation were less likely to avoid health care to avoid being weighed (odds ratio = 0.38, p < .001). In addition, differences in avoiding the doctor to avoid being weighed were found for the covariates (that is, age, race, body mass index, and socioeconomic status). These results inform knowledge regarding barriers to health care use and the relationship between body image and health care use. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications for future research, social work interventions, and social work education to promote women’s health and well-being.

scholarly journals Problematika Konsep Kafa’ah dalam Fiqih (Kritik dan Reinterpretasi)

2018 ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Ali Muhtarom
Keyword(s):  
Social Stratification ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Physical Appearance ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Caste System ◽  
System A ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Stratification System ◽  
Islamic Marriage

The concept of kafaah (equality) in Islamic marriage aims to avoid the negative impact of inequality between husband and wife in terms of physical appearance, heredity, wealth, and religion. Nonetheless, the aspect of equality in various respects may trigger a negative effect; it is caste as a closed social stratification system that contradicts Islamic teachings. This present study aims to explore the problematic factors that emerge from the application of the kafaah concept and tries to reconceptualize kafaah in realizing an Islamic marriage that does not characterize a caste system. A qualitative approach was designed in this library research. The findings expose that the criteria in the concept of kafaah, excluding religion, may lead to social stratification and even discrimination in society, specifically for marital life. Consequently, it is noteworthy to re-understand the concept of kafaah, which is emphasized more on religion rather than other criteria.

Telephone Crisis Support Workers' Psychological Distress and Impairment

Crisis ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taneile A. Kitchingman ◽  
Coralie J. Wilson ◽  
Peter Caputi ◽  
Ian Wilson ◽  
Alan Woodward
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Data Limitations ◽  
Crisis Support ◽  
Comprehensive Search ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Unpublished Information ◽  
Comprehensive Search Strategy ◽  
Telephone Crisis

Abstract. Background: In order to respond to crises with appropriate intervention, crisis workers are required to manage their own needs as well as the needs of those they respond to. Aims: A systematic review of the literature was conducted to examine whether telephone crisis support workers experience elevated symptoms of psychological distress and are impaired by elevated symptoms. Method: Studies were identified in April 2015 by searching three databases, conducting a gray literature search, and forward and backward citation chaining. Results: Of 113 identified studies, seven were included in the review. Results suggest that that telephone crisis support workers experience symptoms of vicarious traumatization, stress, burnout, and psychiatric disorders, and that they may not respond optimally to callers when experiencing elevated symptoms of distress. However, definitive conclusions cannot be drawn due to the paucity and methodological limitations of available data. Limitations: While the most comprehensive search strategy possible was adopted, resource constraints meant that conference abstracts were not searched and authors were not contacted for additional unpublished information. Conclusion: There is an urgent need to identify the impact of telephone crisis support workers' role on their well-being, the determinants of worker well-being in the telephone crisis support context, and the extent to which well-being impacts their performance and caller outcomes. This will help inform strategies to optimize telephone crisis support workers' well-being and their delivery of support to callers.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Relationship Between Individual Well-Being and Future Health Care Utilization and Cost

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 325-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia L. Harrison ◽  
James E. Pope ◽  
Carter R. Coberley ◽  
Elizabeth Y. Rula
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Utilization ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Future Health Care ◽  
The Relationship

Symptom burden to predict health care utilization in hospitalized patients with incurable cancer.

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (26_suppl) ◽  
pp. 98-98
Author(s):  
Ryan David Nipp ◽  
Areej El-Jawahri ◽  
Samantha M.C. Moran ◽  
Sara D'Arpino ◽  
Connor Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Utilization ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Symptom Burden ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Incurable Cancer ◽  
Mood Symptoms

98 Background: Patients with incurable cancer are often hospitalized and have frequent readmissions after discharge. Considering the high physical and psychological symptom burden in this population, we sought to investigate symptoms as predictors of hospital length of stay (LOS) and time to first unplanned readmission. Methods: We consecutively enrolled incurable cancer patients with unplanned hospital admissions from 9/2014-4/2016. Within the first 5 days of admission, we assessed physical (Edmonton Symptom Assessment System [ESAS]; scored 0-10) and mood symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire 4 [PHQ-4]; scored categorically). We created summated ESAS total and physical symptom variables. To identify predictors of LOS we used linear regression and for time to readmission we used Cox regression, with all models adjusted for age, sex, marital status, comorbidity, education, cancer type and time since incurable diagnosis. Results: We enrolled 1,000 of 1,227 (81%) eligible patients (mean age = 63.4; 50% female; 66% married). Gastrointestinal (33%) and lung (18%) cancers were the most common. Mean hospital LOS was 6.2 days and 30-day readmission rate was 25%. Over half of patients reported moderate/severe fatigue, drowsiness, lack of appetite, pain and poor well-being. Over one-fourth screened positive for PHQ depression and anxiety. All physical and mood symptoms individually predicted for longer LOS. Pain, nausea, poor well-being, ESAS total, ESAS physical and PHQ anxiety predicted for shorter time to readmission. Conclusions: Hospitalized patients with incurable cancer experience a high symptom burden, which correlates with their health care utilization. Both physical and psychological symptoms predict for longer hospital LOS and shorter time to readmission. These findings can inform interventions targeting patients’ symptoms during hospital admissions in an effort to improve health care delivery and utilization. [Table: see text]

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