scholarly journals Perception of Climate Change and Farmers' Adaptation: An Analysis for Effective Policy Implementation

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 27-54
Author(s):  
Sharunya Gnanasubramaniam ◽  
Dilini Hemachandra
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Farm Level ◽  
The Government ◽  
Adaptation Practices ◽  
The Impact

Divergence in the actual practices and policy goals often leads to ineffective policy implementation. Shedding light on this issue, this study intends to enrich the debate on the adaptation to climate change, which includes farm-level adaptation practices in the Dry Zone of Sri Lanka and enabled policies. The study involved analysing the farm level adaptation practices and the factors influencing actual adaptation practices adopted by employing a Multinomial Logit Model. The study used primary data collected from Sri Lanka Environmental and Agricultural Decision-Making Survey. The impact of perception of climate change on adaptation techniques was measured by developing an index on Climate Change Perception. The index was generated as a composite of multiple statements related to climate change by utilising Multiple Correspondence Analysis. The results revealed that cultivating other field crops and short duration seed varieties increased with climate change awareness. Further income, education, age, cost, and irrigation scheme affect choosing the adaptation practices. A comparison of climate change adaptation practices adopted by farmers with the program goals shows a mismatch between farmers’ perceptions and the adaptation practices promoted by the government. This study proposes to consider the grassroots level scenario before developing policies and that programs have to be developed and implemented based on adaptation practices preferred at the ground level.

scholarly journals Impact of Water Resource Auditing - Intergrated Development Approch - to Mitigate Water Related Disasters in the Vavuniya Divisional Secretariat’s Division in Northern Sri Lanka

2018 ◽  
Vol 09 (08) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
Thileepan, K. ◽  
Sivakumar, S.S.
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Dry Zone ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Sri Lanka is a tropical nation, is highly vulnerable to impacts of climate change. As a small in the Indian Ocean, the coastal region of the Sri Lanka is susceptible to change in sea level. The impact of climate change are widespread and they are likely to create negative socio economic outcomes on many sectors in Srilanka. Traditionally Srilanka has been generalized into three climate zones, namely wet zone, dry zone and intermediate zone. The research area Vavuniya is comes under the dry zone.The dry zone receives a mean annual rainfall of less than 1750 mm with a distinct dry season from may to september. Even though, the established patterns of rainfall have changed in the area. Almost the district is annually affected by the water related disasters. There were lot of polices and stratergic plans carried out by the government to reduce the water related disasters. The water related disasters in this area can be mitigate by proper water resource auditing and intergrated development approaches. This research aims finally to spell out to predict the real sitivuation of the area by collecting the data from the relavent departments and proposes the assessment to improve the current practices in this region

scholarly journals Ecosystem-Based Adaptation for the Impact of Climate Change and Variation in the Water Management Sector of Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Bhabishya Khaniya ◽  
Miyuru B. Gunathilake ◽  
Upaka Rathnayake
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

The climate of Sri Lanka has been fluctuating at an alarming rate during the recent past. These changes are reported to have pronounced impacts on the livelihoods of the people in the country. Water is central to the sustainable functioning of ecosystems and wellbeing of mankind. It is evident that pronounced variations in the climate will negatively impact the availability and the quality of water resources. The ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) approach has proved to be an effective strategy to address the impact of climate change on water resources in many parts of the world. The key aim of this paper is to elaborate the wide range of benefits received through implementation of EbAs in field level, watershed scale, and urban and coastal environments in the context of Sri Lanka. In addition, this paper discusses the benefits of utilizing EbA solutions over grey infrastructure-based solutions to address the issues related to water management. The wide range of benefits received through implementation of EbAs can be broadly classified into three categories: water supply regulation, water quality regulation, and moderation of extreme events. This paper recommends the utilization of EbAs over grey infrastructure-based solutions in adaptation to climate change in the water management sector for the developing region due its cost effectiveness, ecofriendliness, and multiple benefits received on long-term scales. The findings of this study will unequivocally contribute to filling existing knowledge and research gaps in the context of EbAs to future climate change in Sri Lanka. The suggestions and opinions of this study can be taken into account by decision makers and water resources planning agencies for future planning of actions related to climate change adaptation in Sri Lanka.

scholarly journals A Study Between the Taxpayers’ Perception Toward the Tax Policy Changes and the Tax Compliance in Sri Lanka: A Tax Relief in Response to the Impact of Covid-19 Epidemic, and its Implications

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-64
Author(s):  
K. G. Asela Gamini Bandara ◽  
W. M. R. B. Weerasooriya
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Tax Policy ◽  
Tax Compliance ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Study Guides ◽  
Tax Relief ◽  
Epidemic Period ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – This paper primarily investigates the relationship between the taxpayers’ perception of the tax policy changes and the tax compliance in Sri Lanka. The researcher also aims to provide advice to the policymakers about the specific approach to be followed when considering the tax relief measures and also emphasizing the importance of maintaining a flexible tax policy during the epidemic period which will be crucial in meeting the revenue target of the government. Design/Methodology/approach-The researcher used questionnaires to gather primary data from 125 respondents and then editing to spot errors and omissions for the aim of creating necessary corrections and at last, apply statistical tools for data analysis using SPSS software. Findings – The results show that taxpayers’ attitudes toward the changes in the tax policy and tax compliance form a strong positive relationship and further, changes in its policy have a significant impact on their compliance level. Cronbach’s alpha exceeds 0.7 implies that instruments are sufficiently reliable for the measurement. Originality/value- This was the first study undertaken to explore the link between the attitude toward the tax policy changes and the tax compliance in Sri Lanka during the Covid-19 epidemic period. This study guides to fill up the existing research gap in the country and further, directions are also useful for future researchers to undertake an identical survey.

Great divergence in climate change adaptation during 1500-1900AD: A comparative study on social resilience of Germany and China from a food security perspective

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diyang Zhang ◽  
Xiuqi Fang ◽  
Yanjun Wen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Population Pressure ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Social Resilience ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Historical Case ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

<p>The effectiveness of adaptation to climate change depend on the social resilience. Historical case studies of climate change adaptations would be conducive to better understanding the preferred solution of people with different cultural background, and coping with the risk of the ongoing global climate changes. The relationship among climate change, adaptations and social resilience are analyzed based on the previous researches about famines, agricultural production, trade and migration in Germany during the 16th to the early 20th century. Differences in the primary choices and their effectiveness between Germany and China are also discussed from the perspective of food security. The results are as follows. (1) In the 16th and 17th centuries, the German agricultural system was quite sensitive to the cold and abrupt fluctuated climate, and poor harvests always accompanied by famines in which more than 30% were severe famines. After 1700AD, the severity of famine and its correlation with temperature declined gradually. About 29% famines were merely considered as dearth, and the only severe famine (1770-1772AD) occurred after a back-to-back harvest failure. However, the impact of rainfall extremes on harvest still existed. (2) Germany successfully escaped from famine after 1850AD due to four effective adaptations: ① Planting structure adjustment, like increasing the proportion of rye, was first thought of, but the effectiveness was limited until potatoes became widely accepted. ② The rapid increase in crop yield brought by ago-technology progress reversed the trend of social resilience decreasing with population growth, but was not enough to fully offset the impact of climatic deterioration. ③ The degree of dependence on grain import reached 20% in a short time, which improved the food availability and reduced the famine risk in German mainland. ④ Three emigration waves, following the drought (1844-1846AD) and cooling (1870-1890AD) might have partly alleviated food shortage, especially at a local scale. By 1900AD, German social resilience was nearly 20 times than the scenario of lacking adaptation. (3) In contrast to Germany entered a resilience increasing period since the early 18th century, China maintained the decline of resilience as population pressure increased. Differences might be attributed to their location and culture background. China had long been a unified and powerful empire in east Asia with large internal market and self-sufficient agricultural society, which made it more prone to reduce risk through domestic adjustments, such as internal migration and government relief. When the capacity for disaster relief efforts by the government failed to meet the needs of crisis management, social resilience would drop dramatically. Whereas Germany, located in the continent with a long history of division and amalgamation, had a commercial tradition and was close to the origin of the first industrial revolution, was more willing and likely to find new approaches for food supply ensurance or risk transfer in regional exchanges.</p>

scholarly journals Assessment of the viability of climate adaptation strategies of cassava-based farmers in southern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-117
Author(s):  
A. Henri-Ukoha
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Southern Nigeria ◽  
Adaptation Practices

The study examined the viability of climate adaptation strategies of cassava-based farmers in Southern Nigeria. A total of 300 cassava-based farmers were randomly selected. Primary data were obtained through administration of questionnaire, interview schedule and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics which involved the use of percentages, mean and frequency distributions as well as OLS multiple regression model. The specific objectives include: to describe the socio-economic characteristics of the farmers, identify the climate change adaptation practices employed, ascertain the viability of the climate change adaptation practices and to determine the factors influencing the use of climate change adaptation strategies by the cassava-based farmers in the study area. Results show that majority of the cassava-based farmers were females, married, had a mean age of 46 years, 19 years farming experience, household size of 8 persons, and mean farm size of 1.23 hectares. Results further showed that the cassava farmers adopted various of adaptation strategies such as mixed cropping 24.3%, crop rotation 16.3%, change in planting date 36.6%, use of improved varieties 63.2%, minimum tillage 37%, early and late planting 35.3% and 13.5% respectively. These practices facilitated the adaptation to climate change by the farmers. However, farming experience, farm size, education, access to extension  services, credits and farm income influenced the viability of the climatic adaptation strategies of the cassava-based farmers in the area. Farmers are advised to take good advantage of seminars, workshops, symposiums, and conferences on climate change and its implications on agricultural production. Keywords: Assessment; Viability; Adaptation, Climate Change, Strategies, Cassava-based Farmers

scholarly journals An exploration of the views of manufacturing small medium enterprise owners with regards to green tax incentives in the eThekwini region of KwaZulu-Natal

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Uveer Kalidin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Business Decision ◽  
Medium Enterprise ◽  
The Government ◽  
Small Medium Enterprises ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
The Impact

The study was to explore the awareness of owners of small medium enterprises with regards to green tax incentives; to identify their attitudes towards such green tax incentives and the possible impact it will have on small medium manufacturing enterprises going green.This study used a quantitative research design, specifically a descriptive survey approach. A census sample was drawn through a list provided by the Durban Chamber of Commerce. A survey questionnaire was the primary data collection tool used. At total of 152 questionnaires were distributed and a 104 were received yielding a response rate of 68 %. The data showed that small medium enterprises were concerned about the environment, and acknowledged that their business activities have a negative impact on the environment. The study also established that small medium enterprise owners are concerned with the impact that climate change will have on their business operations. A majority of the sample considered green taxation to be an important driver that would allow businesses to become eco-friendly. Owners were found to support the utilization of green taxation incentives and were considering using green taxation as part of future business decision making, thus ensuring that meet corporate social responsibility. It was concluded that there was a need for the government to put more focus into creating awareness of global warming and climate change. There was also a need to find more innovative ways of promoting eco-consciousness and green sustainable practices and the need to draft and identify new green taxation legislature that caters for public and small medium enterprises.

PERUBAHAN IKLIM DALAM PENGELOLAAN EKOSISTEM MANGROVE MELALUI PENDEKATAN EKOLOGI, EKONOMI DAN SOSIAL BUDAYA MASYARAKAT DI TELUK KOTANIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
Hellen Nanlohy ◽  
Ambaryanto Ambaryanto ◽  
Azis Nur Bambang ◽  
Sahala Hutabarat
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Community Adaptation ◽  
Ecological Economic ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Climate change is powerful on the growth of mangrove.The adaptation to climate change is an urgent need to minimize the impact of climate change.This study attempts to assess the impact of climate change on mangrove growth and formulating a program community adaptation to climate change the ecological, economic indicators, social and cultural community. The analysis survey was conducted qualitatively and analysis image Data Lansat ETM 8. The analysis shows climate change influenced the growth mangrove. The community adaptation to be applied is giving the use of a catch environmentally friendly, diversification of fruit trees. Other alternative business the fish and seaweed and participation in supporting the government programs.The adaptation others are cooperation between the government and the community in an effort to reforestation and rehabilitision. Tradition sasi mangrove came to watch to preserve the ecosystem mangrove.

scholarly journals The Impact of Climate Change Adaptation Strategies on Income and Food Security: Empirical Evidence from Small-Scale Fishers in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7905
Author(s):  
Moh. Shadiqur Rahman ◽  
Hery Toiba ◽  
Wen-Chi Huang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Substantial Effect ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation Strategies

The impacts of climate change on marine capture fisheries have been observed in several studies. It is likely to have a substantial effect on fishers’ income and food security. This study aims to estimate the impact of adaptation strategies on fishers’ income and their household’s food security. Data were collected from small-scale fishers’ households, which own a fishing boat smaller or equal to five gross tonnages (GT). The study sites were the two coastal regions of Malang and Probolinggo in East Java, Indonesia, due to the meager socioeconomic resources caused by climate change. A probit regression model was used to determine the factors influencing the fishers’ adaptation. Propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to evaluate the impact of the adaptation strategies on income and food security. Food security was measured by food consumption score (FCS). The findings indicated that participation in the fishers’ group affected adaptation strategies significantly, and so did the access to credit and climate information. Also, PSM showed that the adaptation strategies had a positive and significant impact on fishers’ income and food security. Those who applied the adaptation strategies had a higher income and FCS than those who did not. This finding implies that the fishery sector’s adaptation strategies can have significant expansion outcome and reduce exposure to risks posed by climate change. Therefore, the arrangement of more climate change adaptation strategies should be promoted by the government for small-scale fishers in Indonesia.

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