Casual Employment in Australia: Growth, Characteristics, a Bridge or a Trap?

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Burgess ◽  
Iain Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Past ◽  
Employment Conditions ◽  
Transitional Point ◽  
Analytical Issue ◽  
Transitional Employment ◽  
On The Road

About one in every four Australian employees is a casual. The casual share has doubled over the past decade and continues to expand. This paper catalogues the growth of casual employment and discusses the characteristics of casual jobs and of those in casual jobs. The key analytical issue discussed is whether casual employment is a transitional employment arrangement on the road towards permanent employment conditions. Alternatively, is it a trap which is associated with job insecurity, low earnings and spells outside of employment? Although the evidence is partial and circumstantial, casual employment is a bridge for some and a trap for others. In particular, for those who wish to beak out of unemployment, casual employment is unlikely to be a transitional point on the road to a permanent job. This finding has important implications for the design of labour market programs.

Unlonesome Highways: The Quest for Fact and Fellowship in Depression America

1984 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-206
Author(s):  
David P. Peeler
Keyword(s):  
Private Property ◽  
The State ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Past ◽  
Erskine Caldwell ◽  
Gas Station ◽  
On The Road

Woody Guthrie managed to capture much of Depression America in his songs. In “This Land Is Your Land” of 1940, he reflected the leftist sentiments of many thirties Americans. Singing that it was the blank side of a “Private Property” sign that “was wrote for you and me,” Guthrie echoed the conclusion that others had reached in the preceding decade — America belongs to the working masses rather than to a few wealthy owners. For all his insight, however, Guthrie missed part of the Depression experience when he set his “Private Property” sign beside a “lonesome highway.” Rather than deserted places, the nation's roadways were virtually teeming with dispossessed people. Millions of foreclosed farmers, evicted renters and unemployed workers crowded the thoroughfares, desperately searching for new lives. Despite what Woody Guthrie had to say, America's Depression highways were far from lonesome.A certain number of those folks jamming the nation's highways were not homeless drifters. They were instead more like author Erskine Caldwell. Soon after the 1932 publication of his novel, Tobacco Road, Caldwell had taken to travelling. He continued on the road until one day in 1940 when he pulled his car into a Missouri gas station. As had been his habit for the past years, he asked the attendant not for gas or oil, but for an analysis of the state of the nation. The attendant knew Caldwell's type. For years writers had been stopping and asking him “all sorts of fool questions” without purchasing anything. Well prepared, he silently handed Caldwell a neatly printed card describing his life and thoughts, ridiculing with its detail the questions writers asked him.

scholarly journals Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas in 2011: Building on the Past, on the Road to our Future

2011 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
J.M. Carrascosa ◽  
Y. Gilaberte ◽  
I. Belinchón ◽  
L. Ferrándiz
Keyword(s):  
The Road ◽  
The Past ◽  
On The Road

scholarly journals Mod en europæisk velfærds- og arbejdsmarkedsmodel

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-55
Author(s):  
Carsten Strøby Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Maternity Leave ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Market Model ◽  
Market Regulation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Institutional Order

Towards a European welfare and labour market model: an analysis of the genesis of an institutional order During the past decade, cooperation in the European Union has intensified in the field of social- and labour mar-ket policy and has led to a supranational system of wel-fare and labour market regulation. This article analyses the establishment of a European industrial relations system as an ‘institutional order’ and discusses how and why the system has developed. Three crucial situations are ana-lysed as to their contribution to the development of this institutional order. The first is the EU Commission’s three proposals for directives on atypical work in the beginning of 1990. The second is from October 199l when negotiators from three labour market organisations: UNICE, ETUC, and CEEP signed an agreement concerning possibilities of negotiating collective agreements at the European level. The third crucial situation is from Novem-ber 1995 and concerns the first agreement these organi-sations signed concerning maternity leave. The article argues that these events make up crucial situations on the road to the establishment of a European labour market model.

scholarly journals Assessing Labour Market Vulnerability among Young People

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-213
Author(s):  
Theo Sparreboom ◽  
Lubna Shahnaz
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Vulnerability Framework ◽  
Made In

Labour market performance in Pakistan has improved markedly in recent years. This paper examines the extent to which young people have benefited from this improvement, using the labour market vulnerability framework that was recently introduced by the ILO. This framework can be used to assess the difficulties young people face on the road to decent employment, and may also serve as a basis for the development of appropriate policies and interventions. Drawing on empirical evidence from various surveys, in particular the Labour Force Survey, we conclude that vulnerability among the youth has generally been reduced since 1999-2000. Vulnerability of women has been reduced through higher enrolment rates in education, and unemployment among both men and women has declined. Far less progress has been made in reducing vulnerability among the employed, and youth still face numerous obstacles that hamper the attainment of decent employment. The paper offers recommendations on the role of labour market information in reducing youth vulnerability. JEL classification: J40, J13 Keyword: Labour Market; Youth; Pakistan

Adhesive-Free Bonding of Web-Like Plastic-Metal Combinations at Low Temperatures

2019 ◽  
Vol 809 ◽  
pp. 392-397
Author(s):  
Andreas Lehm ◽  
Diana Romstedt ◽  
Vinzenz Schoenberner ◽  
Hannes Till Meyer ◽  
Marko Eichler
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Past ◽  
Plastic Metal ◽  
On The Road ◽  
New Research ◽  
Polymer Foils ◽  
Technology Focus

A couple of research projects could demonstrate the adhesive-free bonding of metal and polymer foils very well in the past. The remaining issues on the road to industrial usage of this technology focus on higher process velocities, quality management and process behaviour during long-term usage. For this purpose, a new research project was initiated to concentrate on the maximum achievable adhesion between the two bonding partners at line speeds up to 10 m/min

Friendship, Marriage-Like Relationships, and Informal Marriage

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-42
Author(s):  
Sanford N. Katz
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Pattern ◽  
The State ◽  
Adult Relationships ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Past ◽  
Civil Union ◽  
Legal Questions ◽  
Romantic Friendship ◽  
Domestic Partnership ◽  
On The Road

This chapter discusses issues of establishing adult relationships, including friendship and informal marriage, and how individuals have attempted to regulate their upcoming marriage by entering into prenuptial agreements. The road to marriage has traditionally consisted of romantic friendship, courtship, engagement, and then formal marriage. It is during the formal or informal engagement period that a couple may think of entering into a prenuptial agreement. However, this behavior pattern has changed dramatically in the past fifty years. There may no longer be defined periods on the road to marriage, and marriage itself may no longer be the final relationship between two people. Whatever the arrangement, the relevant legal questions are the following: What relationships should be labeled “family”; who should be authorized to make such a designation, the state or the parties themselves; and should the state regulate them? At the present time, two kinds of adult relationships that are not formally recognized by the state as marriage are contract cohabitation and domestic partnership or civil union.

The Morality of Nuclear Deterrence: Obstacles on the Road to Coherence

Horizons ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-42
Author(s):  
Richard B. Miller ◽  
◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Just War ◽  
Nuclear Deterrence ◽  
Critical Dialogue ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Past ◽  
Nuclear Age ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Supreme Emergency ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Post Hoc

AbstractThis essay critically assays four recent attempts to furnish a moral justification for nuclear deterrence: the success thesis, the just war thesis, the argument from the “supreme emergency,” and the exceptionalist thesis. By entering into critical dialogue with representatives of these arguments I hope to show that the current confidence in the morality of nuclear deterrence is ill-conceived. Chief among the logical and practical difficulties plaguing these arguments are the following. (1) The success thesis rests on the fallacy of post hoc, ergo propter hoc reasoning. Nor does the assertion of the past success of deterrence furnish guarantees of future effectiveness. (2) Representatives of the just war thesis either establish conditions for accepting deterrence that are incoherent with their judgments about use (e.g., U.S. Catholic bishops) or develop a theory of deterrence that cannot be morally institutionalized (e.g., David Hollenbach). (3) The argument for the supreme emergency eclipses moral convention in the nuclear age. (4) The attempt to salvage the supreme emergency according to a classical theory of community rests on a fundamental disanalogy between the Aristotelian polis and modern nation-states. Moreover, it opens the door for a double standard to evaluate the methods of war.

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