Exploring Access to Independent Living Services for People With Disabilities Through a Transportation Network Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 104420732110275
Author(s):  
Kourtney B. Johnson ◽  
Lillie Greiman ◽  
Christiane VonReichert ◽  
Billy Altom
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Geographic Analysis ◽  
Local Road ◽  
Independent Living Services

Centers for Independent Living (CILs) are nonresidential, nonprofit agencies that provide independent living services to people with disabilities across the nation. The services CILs provide are invaluable to people with disabilities living independently in the community. Accessing CIL services can be challenging for people with disabilities, particularly for individuals in rural areas. A geographic analysis called a transportation network analysis is one method for assessing access to CIL services. We draw on the distribution of CILs across the country and in two rural states (Montana and Arkansas) to assess levels of geographic access using travel distance along national and local road networks. Incorporating data from the American Community Survey allowed us to estimate the number of people with disabilities living within certain distance thresholds from CILs. We saw increased access in urban areas where there is a higher concentration of CILs, suggesting that people with disabilities in rural areas have limited access to CIL services. We explore how partnering with Area Agencies on Aging has the potential to expand access to services for people with disabilities in rural areas, highlighting the utility of geographic analysis in social service provision.

Village senior centres and the living arrangements of older people in rural China: considerations of health, land, migration and intergenerational support

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 2044-2073 ◽  
Author(s):  
HUIJUN LIU ◽  
KAREN N. EGGLESTON ◽  
YAN MIN
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Living Arrangement ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
Intergenerational Support ◽  
North East

ABSTRACTChina is experiencing rapid urbanisation and population ageing, alongside sometimes contentious rural land consolidation. These on-going social, economic, political and demographic changes are especially problematic for older people in rural areas. In these regions, social and institutional support arrangements are less developed than in urban areas; older people have few options for re-settlement but are resistant to or incapable of adjusting to high-rise apartment living. In 2012–13, we gathered rich qualitative and quantitative data on over 600 older residents in 12 villages under the jurisdiction of City L in north-east coastal China to analyse residents’ living arrangement choices during the village renovation process. We compared villages with and without senior centres to shed light on the correlates of co-residence and independent living. Senior centres play a role in balancing the burden on rural Chinese families resulting from population ageing, smaller families, widespread migration for work, and the rapid urbanisation that is restructuring land rights and social support arrangements.

Independent Living Centers in Rural Communities

1992 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurel Richards ◽  
Quentin Smith
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Rural Life ◽  
Independent Living Centers ◽  
Training And Research ◽  
Subject Areas ◽  
Definition Of

Independent living centers offer a new method of serving people with disabilities which utilizes a consumer approach in program management and service delivery. The two-fold purpose of centers is to assist people with disabilities in establishing lives of independence and to advocate for changes in society. Initially established in urban settings in the early 1970's, the independent living center model spread to many rural communities during the 1980's. The authors provide an overview to independent living centers, including a definition of independent living, identification of the four distinguishing characteristics of centers, and a description of core services. They examine the special demands which rural life places on independent living service provision, including a review of barriers to rural independent living and ways independent living centers are addressing these barriers. The article closes with a list of recommendations of subject areas in which additional training and research programs are needed.

scholarly journals A Cross-sectional Survey of Rehabilitation Service Provision for Children with Brain Injury in Selangor, Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-58
Author(s):  
Ee Lin Tay ◽  
Chee Piau Wong
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Rehabilitation Service ◽  
Rehabilitation Services ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Persons With Disabilities

Purpose:  Rehabilitation services in Malaysia are provided by both governmental and non-governmental agencies but there are challenges, such as the lack of integration between agencies, and accessibility barriers to services especially for the population of urban poor and people in the rural areas. With the help of a survey, this project aimed to gain a better understanding of rehabilitation services provided for children with brain injury within the state of Selangor and Federal Territories of Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya.Method:  A list of 205 organisations that provide rehabilitation services for children with neurological injuries was compiled. The researchers attempted to verify the services by visiting the facilities or via telephone or email communication if visits were not possible.Results: The researchers were able to verify 83% of the organisations identified. There are 40 hospitals and 17 service providers for acute and / or chronic physical rehabilitation services for persons with disabilities of all ages, including children.Conclusion: Findings showed the unequal distribution of rehabilitation service provision by districts. Service providers were concentrated in the urban areas. Setting up new healthcare facilities is one of the solutions but the costs for development, construction, and manpower could be high. An alternative solution is proposed, namely, the use of a home-based virtual rehabilitation programme.

Independent Living Services to Older, Blind Persons in Rural Areas: Do They Make a Difference?

2003 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 4-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlene B. Huff ◽  
Lou Ann Qualls
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Consumer Satisfaction ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Community Needs ◽  
Blind And Visually Impaired ◽  
Independent Living Programs ◽  
Blind Persons ◽  
Visually Impaired Persons ◽  
Independent Living Services

Independent living services are thought to be an effective and efficient way to maintain older blind and visually impaired persons in their home environment for a longer period of time. Few studies, though, have analyzed the level of consumer satisfaction among these elders. This study asserts that an enriched understanding of customer satisfaction and the resulting service delivery recommendations will assist states in developing more effective independent living programs. The Kentucky Department for the Blind has been offering these services to blind and visually impaired elders since 1980. This study analyzes the results of a consumer satisfaction survey participated in by 94 elders who extensively used the service. Results indicate that independent living services are effective but limited in their ability to serve all elders that need them and services must be flexible enough to serve diverse community needs.

Delivering Independent Living Services in Rural Communities: Options and Alternatives

1992 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
Carol G. Potter ◽  
Quentin W. Smith ◽  
Huong Quart ◽  
Margaret A. Nosek
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Research Utilization ◽  
Service Network ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Network Information ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Independent Living Services

The authors describe independent living initiatives in two rural communities, chosen because of their contrast in approach to reducing barriers to independence. Various factors in rural areas present obstacles to independent living, including lack of transportation, reduced employment opportunities, and architectural inaccessibility in older buildings. Results of a follow-up study of two rural independent living demonstration projects established by the Independent Living Research Utilization program in Houston, Texas are presented. In brief, people in Town One successfully established and continue to operate an independent living center; the other site (Town Two) integrated independent living philosophy and practices into the existing service network. Information is provided concerning demographic characteristics as well as existing services related to independent living. The authors suggest that several approaches for reducing barriers to independence are successful for delivering independent living services in rural communities.

Extending the Independent Living Center Model to Rural Areas: Expanding Services through State and Local Efforts

1992 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Seekins ◽  
Craig Ravesloot ◽  
Bob Maffit
Keyword(s):  
Program Development ◽  
Support Services ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Physical Disabilities ◽  
Federal Funding ◽  
Service Model ◽  
Independent Living Centers ◽  
State And Local

Independent living centers (ILC) provide support services to adults with physical disabilities. Originally created through federal funding, most ILC serve urban areas, leaving a large rural area and its population unreached by independent living ideas or services. Data on the expansion of the ILC service model to rural areas are presented. The need for further program development is discussed.

scholarly journals Multi-Dimensional Accessibility Barriers in Care Services for the Rural Elderly with Disabilities: A Qualitative Study in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6373
Author(s):  
Yuan Wang ◽  
Caiyun Qi
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Care Service ◽  
Quality Care ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Support Network ◽  
Social Care Service ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Accessibility Barriers

This research covers a multi-dimensional investigation into accessibility barriers in care services for older people with disabilities in rural China. In-depth interviews with 13 rural disabled older people in China were conducted using qualitative methods. Based on a welfare pluralism approach, the results showed that in comparison with urban areas, care services for disabled older populations in rural areas are more subject to social barriers. This can be seen in the limited state (lack of resources, rigorous eligibility qualifications, uneven distribution, and irregular implementation); the absent market (low levels of consumption, high cost pressures, self-exclusion, and traditional cultural constraints); absent NGOs and volunteers (difficulties in access for NGOs and volunteers outside the area and formation difficulties of local NGOs and volunteers); as well as low-quality care in households and communities (unprofessional care from the spouse, unsustainable care from children, and unavailable community-based care). A multi-subject support network should be established to remove accessibility barriers to care services for older people with disabilities in rural areas through active intervention and interaction. The results of the research provide insights that will aid in the formulation of future social care service plans and health policies for rural older people with disabilities.

scholarly journals Public Service Provision in China: Towards a More Equal Access System

2021 ◽  
pp. 153-179
Author(s):  
Jingjing Shan ◽  
Yanan Geng ◽  
Jin Fu ◽  
Binglei Yu
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Urban Neighbourhoods ◽  
Public Service Provision ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

AbstractThechallengefacingurban policymakersis how to tackle the long-standing differences in social welfareand basic public services provision for migrant and incumbent workers arising from the dual-household registration system. In this chapter, we quantify inequalities in access to basic public services between migrant workers and the local urban population across different regions of China. We consider both inequalities within urban areas, and inequalities that exist between urban and rural areas. For urban areas, we find large inequalities in access to basic public services between the indigenous urban population and migrant workers. There are also significant differences between urban and rural areas. The level of basic public services in the West of China lags behind other regions. Across China as a whole, the gap within regions is greater than the gap between regions. Internal variations within a region arise mainly from inequality in access to basic public services between urban and rural populations and across urban neighbourhoods. Chinese public services are characterised by ‘dualisation’ in urban–rural provision and ‘fragmentation’ across regions in terms of the level and quality of service. These two features constitute a formidable obstacle for the ‘citizenisation’ of migrant workers. We provide detailed examples from across China of countermeasures and strategies currently being implemented to reduce inequalities in public service provision.

scholarly journals Suburban waterfront with ecological and recreational function: planning based on network analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Fumagalli ◽  
Claudia Colombo ◽  
Paolo Stefano Ferrario ◽  
Giulio Senes ◽  
Alessandro Toccolini
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Fringe ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
The North ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Transportation Routes ◽  
The City ◽  
Recreational Use

Urban fringe areas have multiple land uses and are places where sections of waterway, together with fragmented areas of natural vegetation, are often found passing through urban areas, transportation routes and gradually expanding rural areas. These overlapping functions are often the cause of an extremely disorderly landscape devoid of guiding connotative elements. In this context, the waterfront can be a guiding element for the redevelopment of the fringe areas between cities and the countryside. The purpose of this paper is the definition of a methodology for planning a suburban waterfront with an ecological function and bicycle paths for recreational use. The evaluation phases for resources and planning, conducted with tools for network analysis, have identified potential corridors based on current land uses and have addressed the issue of bicycle paths on an inter-municipal scale. The methodology is proposed for regional level planning and the validation of the method was achieved through its application to the stretch of the Lambro River between Monza Park and the city of Milan in the North of Italy.

scholarly journals Mental health in rural areas: experience in south Cambridgeshire

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 280-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Smith ◽  
R. Ramana
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Rural Health ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Day Care ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Care Provision ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Deprivation

Mental health morbidity is perceived as being predominantly urban based. Little is known about the health of the UK's rural residents. This paper summarises existing knowledge of rural health and social indicators. There is a relative dearth of information in this area making the application of urban-based (and biased) factors perhaps unreliable. Some rural areas have levels of deprivation similar to urban areas, even using urban-biased factors, though they encounter specific problems of service provision and accessibility. Currently, there seems to be no valid method of measuring rural deprivation and comparing it with urban deprivation. We highlight this inequality by describing discrepancies in day care provision between urban and rural areas.

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