Extending the Independent Living Center Model to Rural Areas: Expanding Services through State and Local Efforts

1992 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Seekins ◽  
Craig Ravesloot ◽  
Bob Maffit
Keyword(s):  
Program Development ◽  
Support Services ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Physical Disabilities ◽  
Federal Funding ◽  
Service Model ◽  
Independent Living Centers ◽  
State And Local

Independent living centers (ILC) provide support services to adults with physical disabilities. Originally created through federal funding, most ILC serve urban areas, leaving a large rural area and its population unreached by independent living ideas or services. Data on the expansion of the ILC service model to rural areas are presented. The need for further program development is discussed.

Village senior centres and the living arrangements of older people in rural China: considerations of health, land, migration and intergenerational support

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 2044-2073 ◽  
Author(s):  
HUIJUN LIU ◽  
KAREN N. EGGLESTON ◽  
YAN MIN
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Living Arrangement ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
Intergenerational Support ◽  
North East

ABSTRACTChina is experiencing rapid urbanisation and population ageing, alongside sometimes contentious rural land consolidation. These on-going social, economic, political and demographic changes are especially problematic for older people in rural areas. In these regions, social and institutional support arrangements are less developed than in urban areas; older people have few options for re-settlement but are resistant to or incapable of adjusting to high-rise apartment living. In 2012–13, we gathered rich qualitative and quantitative data on over 600 older residents in 12 villages under the jurisdiction of City L in north-east coastal China to analyse residents’ living arrangement choices during the village renovation process. We compared villages with and without senior centres to shed light on the correlates of co-residence and independent living. Senior centres play a role in balancing the burden on rural Chinese families resulting from population ageing, smaller families, widespread migration for work, and the rapid urbanisation that is restructuring land rights and social support arrangements.

scholarly journals Epidemiological characteristics and temporal trends of new leprosy cases in Brazil: 2006 to 2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Júlia Moreira Pescarini ◽  
Camila Silveira Silva Teixeira ◽  
Nívea Bispo da Silva ◽  
Mauro Niskier Sanchez ◽  
Marcio Santos da Natividade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Physical Disabilities ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Adequate Evaluation ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Multibacillary Leprosy

Abstract: Our study aims to describe trends in new case detection rate (NCDR) of leprosy in Brazil from 2006 to 2017 overall and in subgroups, and to analyze the evolution of clinical and treatment characteristics of patients, with emphasis on cases diagnosed with grade 2 physical disabilities. We conducted a descriptive study to analyze new cases of leprosy registered in the Brazilian Information System for Notificable Diseases (SINAN), from 2006-2017. We calculated the leprosy NCDR per 100,000 inhabitants (overall and for individuals aged < 15 and ≥ 15 years) by sex, age, race/ethnicity, urban/rural areas, and Brazilian regions, and estimated the trends using the Mann-Kendall non-parametric test. We analyzed the distributions of cases according to relevant clinical characteristics over time. In Brazil, there was a sharp decrease in the overall NCDR from 23.4/100,000 in 2006 to 10.3/100,000 in 2017; among children < 15 years, from 6.94 to 3.20/100,000. The decline was consistent in all Brazilian regions and race/ethnicity categories. By 2017, 70.2% of the cases were multibacillary, 30.5% had grade 1 (G1D) or 2 (G2D) physical disabilities at diagnosis and 42.8% were not evaluated at treatment completion/discharge; cases with G2D at diagnosis were mostly detected in urban areas (80%) and 5% of cases died during the treatment (leprosy or other causes). Although the frequency of leprosy NCDR decreased in Brazil from 2006 to 2017 across all evaluated population groups, the large number of cases with multibacillary leprosy, physical disabilities or without adequate evaluation, and among children suggest the need to reinforce timely diagnosis and treatment to control leprosy in Brazil.

Bicyclist Crash Types on National, State, and Local Levels: A New Look

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (6) ◽  
pp. 664-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Libby Thomas ◽  
Krista Nordback ◽  
Rebecca Sanders
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fatal Crash ◽  
Serious Injury ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Crash Types ◽  
Serious Injuries ◽  
The City

This paper presents an overview of prevalent bicyclist crash types in the United States, providing insights for practitioners that may be useful in planning safer networks and taking other proactive and risk-based approaches to treatment. The study compares fatal bicyclist crash types from national data with serious injury and all-severity bicyclist collisions from the state of North Carolina (NC) and the city of Boulder, Colorado. Overall, bicyclist fatalities in the United States are more prevalent in urban areas (69%) than rural areas (29%). Though the majority of all-severity crashes are at intersections, most fatal and disabling injury bicyclist crashes occur at non-intersection locations, including nearly one-third of bicyclists who die from collisions involving overtaking motorists. Top intersection crash types across national fatal and all-severity crashes in NC and Boulder include bicyclists failing to yield and motorists turning across a bicyclist’s path. However, many of the top all-severity types in the two jurisdictions differ from the top fatal crash types nationwide. These comparisons provide a fresh look at bicyclist crash type trends and have potential importance with respect to planning safer networks for Vision Zero communities, since a key finding is that locations and crash types most prevalent among fatal and serious injuries may differ from the most prevalent types for all-severity crashes. The findings could be useful to agencies lacking their own resources for risk-based assessment, but also suggest it is important to analyze higher severity crash types and jurisdiction-specific data when possible.

scholarly journals Urban-rural differences in COVID-19 exposures and outcomes in the South: A preliminary analysis of South Carolina

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0246548
Author(s):  
Qian Huang ◽  
Sarah Jackson ◽  
Sahar Derakhshan ◽  
Logan Lee ◽  
Erika Pham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
State And Local

As the COVID-19 pandemic moved beyond the initial heavily impacted and urbanized Northeast region of the United States, hotspots of cases in other urban areas ensued across the country in early 2020. In South Carolina, the spatial and temporal patterns were different, initially concentrating in small towns within metro counties, then diffusing to centralized urban areas and rural areas. When mitigation restrictions were relaxed, hotspots reappeared in the major cities. This paper examines the county-scale spatial and temporal patterns of confirmed cases of COVID-19 for South Carolina from March 1st—September 5th, 2020. We first describe the initial diffusion of the new confirmed cases per week across the state, which remained under 2,000 cases until Memorial Day weekend (epi week 23) then dramatically increased, peaking in mid-July (epi week 29), and slowly declining thereafter. Second, we found significant differences in cases and deaths between urban and rural counties, partially related to the timing of the number of confirmed cases and deaths and the implementation of state and local mitigations. Third, we found that the case rates and mortality rates positively correlated with pre-existing social vulnerability. There was also a negative correlation between mortality rates and county resilience patterns, as expected, suggesting that counties with higher levels of inherent resilience had fewer deaths per 100,000 population.

scholarly journals Living Standards in Nineteenth-Century Russia

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy Dennison ◽  
Steven Nafziger
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
Distribution Of Resources ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
Capital Development

Most of the studies of living standards in pre-revolutionary Russia by economic historians have focused on a narrow range of measures for predominantly urban areas. A micro-level analysis that employs a broader set of measures of well-being for a small rural region in central Russia suggests that, contrary to previous findings, living standards were improving throughout the nineteenth century, even in seemingly less dynamic rural areas. Moreover, the variation in income and consumption patterns, human-capital development, and the distribution of resources in the countryside was greater than typically assumed. Since state and local institutions might be able to account for it, these determinants should be emphasized in future analyses of rural living standards in pre-Soviet Russia.

scholarly journals "Panchayats and Ward Committees; Assessing India's Decentralised Institutions "

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Ashwini Roy A.S
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Central State ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Political Dimensions ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Implementation Problems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Local Levels

India adopted an ambitious reform policy of rural and urban decentralization in 1992, under which powers and finance are transferred to new local and regional bodies. These are governed by elected councils, in which women and members of disadvantaged groups/castes have a fixed quota of seats. While the legislation is still relatively new, some states have been able to make fast progress in decentralizing tasks, power and funds, while others have been much slower. This article presents an initial review of the decentralization efforts, exploring administrative, fiscal and political dimensions, and the implementation problems at central, state and local levels. Most emphasis is given to development at the local level: the panchayats in rural areas and the ward committees in urban areas, which is where the impact of decentralization should be felt. This article assesses whether increased proximity between citizens and government leads to increased transparency, accountability and participation.

Exploring Access to Independent Living Services for People With Disabilities Through a Transportation Network Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 104420732110275
Author(s):  
Kourtney B. Johnson ◽  
Lillie Greiman ◽  
Christiane VonReichert ◽  
Billy Altom
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Geographic Analysis ◽  
Local Road ◽  
Independent Living Services

Centers for Independent Living (CILs) are nonresidential, nonprofit agencies that provide independent living services to people with disabilities across the nation. The services CILs provide are invaluable to people with disabilities living independently in the community. Accessing CIL services can be challenging for people with disabilities, particularly for individuals in rural areas. A geographic analysis called a transportation network analysis is one method for assessing access to CIL services. We draw on the distribution of CILs across the country and in two rural states (Montana and Arkansas) to assess levels of geographic access using travel distance along national and local road networks. Incorporating data from the American Community Survey allowed us to estimate the number of people with disabilities living within certain distance thresholds from CILs. We saw increased access in urban areas where there is a higher concentration of CILs, suggesting that people with disabilities in rural areas have limited access to CIL services. We explore how partnering with Area Agencies on Aging has the potential to expand access to services for people with disabilities in rural areas, highlighting the utility of geographic analysis in social service provision.

scholarly journals Challenges to sustainable rural development in Russia: social issues and regional divergences

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
Olga Lisova ◽  
Vasily Erokhin ◽  
Anna Ivolga
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Sustainable Rural Development ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
State And Local

Paper aims at investigation of contemporary approaches to sustainable rural development in Russia. It includes the overview of current experiences in rural development, analysis of major economic and social indicators of rural areas in comparison with urban ones. Analysis included the set of indicators such as number of rural people, number of rural settlements, rates of births and mortalities, natural and migration increases and declines of population, rates of employment and unemployment, average monthly nominal per capita wages, and level of the subsistence minimum. Indicators have been measured separately for rural and urban areas; regions have been grouped in relation to the particular indicator. The research is concluded by discovery of growth points for rural development and a set of recommendations on perspective measures of state and local policies in rural areas, directed on increase of living standards of rural population and retention of labour resources in their traditional rural areas of inhabitation. JEL: Q18, P25

An Epidemiological, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Study of Giardia lamblia in Anbar Province – Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Suad Shallal Shahatha
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Teucrium Polium L ◽  
Therapeutic Study

This study was carried out to investigate the epidemiology of Giardia lamblia parasites in patients who visited some of the hospitals in Anbar province, which included (Fallujah Teaching Hospital, Ramadi Teaching Hospital, Ramadi Teaching Hospital for Women and Children and Hit Hospital) during by examining 864 stool samples in a direct examination method, The results revealed the infection rate was 41.7 % and the percentage of infection among males 47.8% is higher than that of females 35.4% with significant differences (p≤0.05). The age groups (1-9) years recorded the highest rates 55.4% and the lowest rate 13.6% in the age group (40-49) years. The highest rate of infection was 62.5% during the month of June, while the month of October was the lowest rate 5% and significant differences. The incidence rate in rural areas was 50.6% higher than in the urban areas 32.5%. The study also included the effect of Teucrium polium L. on the parasite in the culture media HSP-1, the concentrations of 0.5-3 mg / mL significantly affected Giardia, it was noted whenever the greater the concentration, the greater the effect during different treatment periods (1-4) days, as the highest concentration 3 mg/ml killed all Giardia parasites on the fourth day of treatment.

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