The field-dependent complex modulus of magnetorheological elastomers consisting of sucrose acetate isobutyrate ester

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (14) ◽  
pp. 1993-2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muntaz Hana Ahmad Khairi ◽  
Saiful Amri Mazlan ◽  
Ubaidillah ◽  
Ku Zarina Ku Ahmad ◽  
Seung-Bok Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Magnetic Particles ◽  
Complex Modulus ◽  
Excitation Frequency ◽  
Epoxidized Natural Rubber ◽  
Magnetorheological Elastomer ◽  
Magnetorheological Elastomers ◽  
Storage And Loss Moduli ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Magnetorheological Effect

In this work, epoxidized natural rubber-50 magnetorheological elastomer was synthesized using conventional rubber processing. The ester plasticizer sucrose acetate isobutyrate was then incorporated into epoxidized natural rubber-50 to soften the matrix and to improve the relative magnetorheological effect. The influence of sucrose acetate isobutyrate ester on the microstructures and properties of epoxidized natural rubber-50 magnetorheological elastomers were experimentally investigated. It has been identified that the addition of sucrose acetate isobutyrate ester can reduce the viscosity of the matrix and increase the mobility of magnetic particles in a matrix. The elongation of magnetorheological elastomer was increased by 19%, and the tensile strength was reduced by 17% at 10 wt% content of the sucrose acetate isobutyrate ester. It is observed that the employment of sucrose acetate isobutyrate ester enhanced the thermal stability leading to low degradation of the properties of magnetorheological elastomer. In rheology test, both absolute and relative magnetorheological effects were increased by 0.16 MPa and 23%, respectively, with incorporation of the 7.5-wt% sucrose acetate isobutyrate ester. It is also identified that the storage and loss moduli as well as loss factor are increased as the excitation frequency is increased. It is finally concluded that agglomeration issues in isotropic magnetorheological elastomer which degrade performances of magnetorheological elastomer application devices and systems can be resolved by the addition of sucrose acetate isobutyrate ester to epoxidized natural rubber-50 used in this work.

The study of enhancement of magnetorheological effect based on natural rubber/thermoplastic elastomer SEBS hybrid matrix

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xincheng Song ◽  
Wenju Wang ◽  
Fufeng Yang ◽  
Guoping Wang ◽  
Xiaoting Rui
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Carbonyl Iron ◽  
Magnetic Particles ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomer ◽  
Iron Particles ◽  
Magnetorheological Elastomers ◽  
Hybrid Matrix ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Magnetorheological Effect

Magnetorheological elastomers are one kind of smart materials which consist of matrix materials and magnetic particles. The mechanical properties of magnetorheological elastomers were controllable under an external magnetic field. Applications of magnetorheological elastomers are limited as a result of their poor magnetorheological effect and mechanical performance, so enhancing the magnetorheological effect of them is critical for their application. Styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene based thermoplastic elastomer was added to natural rubber to fabricate hybrid matrix–based magnetorheological elastomers. Zero modulus of magnetorheological elastomers increased from 0.50 to 0.64 MPa and magnetorheological effect increased from 28.00% to 43.75% with the addition of styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene based thermoplastic elastomer. The contact angle of carbonyl iron particles with the matrix showed that styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene based thermoplastic elastomer can improve the compatibility of carbonyl iron particles with the matrix. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis has been carried out to investigate the internal structure of hybrid matrix–based magnetorheological elastomers.

Performance tests and modeling on high damping magnetorheological elastomers based on bromobutyl rubber

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 1025-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao-Dong Xu ◽  
Si Suo ◽  
Jun-Tao Zhu ◽  
Ying-Qing Guo
Keyword(s):  
Loss Factor ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Excitation Frequency ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Magnetorheological Elastomer ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Magnetorheological Elastomers ◽  
High Loss ◽  
The Matrix

A new kind of magnetorheological elastomer with the matrix of the bromobutyl rubber is developed. The magnetoviscoelasticity properties of the magnetorheological elastomer specimens are investigated with respect to different magnetic fields, displacement amplitudes, and frequencies under sinusoidal loadings. The experimental results show that the shear storage modulus and the loss factor of magnetorheological elastomers increase with the increasing magnetic field, excitation frequency, and the weight fraction of particles, but decrease with the increasing strain amplitude, and the magnetorheological elastomers have a high loss factor which can reach to 0.682. Then, a microphysical model based on the assumption of the chi-square distribution of the distance between adjacent ferromagnetic particles is proposed, which can eliminate the error generated by the assumption of the uniform distribution and describe the magnetorheological effect more exactly. Based on the proposed microphysical model, the magnetoviscoelasticity parameter model is modified to describe the dynamic properties of magnetorheological elastomers. It can be concluded from comparison between the numerical and experimental results that the modified magnetoviscoelasticity parameter model can describe the magnetorheological elastomer’s performance well.

Performance of natural rubber and silicone-based magnetorheological elastomers under large-strain combined axial and shear loading

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddaiah Yarra ◽  
Faramarz Gordaninejad ◽  
Majid Behrooz ◽  
Gokhan Pekcan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Large Strain ◽  
Axial Stress ◽  
Shear Loading ◽  
Structural Vibration ◽  
Large Strains ◽  
Magnetorheological Elastomer ◽  
Magnetorheological Elastomers ◽  
Lap Shear ◽  
Magnetorheological Effect

This study presents an experimental investigation on large-strain behavior of natural rubber– and silicone-based magnetorheological elastomers within a larger scope of structural vibration mitigation due to wind, traffic and seismic events. Magnetorheological elastomer samples with different weight percentages of iron particles, additives, and elastomer matrix were fabricated. The microstructures of specimens were examined, and their mechanical properties were investigated by a unique electromagnetic double-lap shear experimental setup capable of applying simultaneous compression and shear loads. The experimental results demonstrated that the isotropic natural rubber–based magnetorheological elastomers exhibit about 30% magnetorheological effect under large strains, while they achieve a higher magnetorheological effect under the combined axial and shear loading. The magnetorheological effect was 92% and 33% for 10% and 100% shear strains when 100 psi axial stress was applied. A natural rubber–based magnetorheological elastomer was further investigated applying dynamic cyclic load with and without compression load for different strains, frequencies, and magnetic field intensities. It was observed that for higher frequency, magnetorheological effect was reduced. Magnetorheological effects were 73% and 29% for 0.1 and 10 Hz frequencies, respectively, under 100 psi axial stress at 150% shear strain. The result of this study suggests that isotropic natural rubber–based magnetorheological elastomers may be suitable for high-demand-force applications, and in particular, in civil structures.

Performance of Magnetorheological Elastomer Based Silicone/SAIB

2018 ◽  
Vol 772 ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
Muntaz Hana Ahmad Khairi ◽  
Saiful Amri Mazlan ◽  
Ubaidillah ◽  
Siti Aishah Abdul Aziz ◽  
Norhiwani Mohd Hapipi
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Silicone Rubber ◽  
Carbonyl Iron ◽  
Excitation Frequency ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Iron Particles ◽  
Magnetorheological Elastomer ◽  
Magnetorheological Elastomers ◽  
Mr Effect ◽  
Strain Dependent

This study introduces a sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB) as an additive of magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) to be added in silicone rubber matrix and carbonyl iron particles (CIPs) as their filler. The CIPs were fixed at 60 wt% and two types of MREs sample were fabricated which are isotropic and anisotropic. Rheological properties related to shear storage modulus were measured using a rheometer (MCR 302, Anton Paar). The experimental results demonstrated that the magnetorheological (MR) effect of anisotropic MREs-based Silicone/SAIB was 126 % as compared to isotropic MREs-based Silicone/SAIB, 64%. The fabricated MREs samples were frequency and strain dependent. The relative MR effect for both samples showed decreasing trend with the increment of strain amplitude and excitation frequency.

Fabrication and characterization of highly controllable magnetorheological material in compression mode

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (14) ◽  
pp. 1641-1661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Fereidooni ◽  
Afonso Martins ◽  
Viresh Wickramasinghe ◽  
Afzal Suleman
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Loss Factor ◽  
Magnetorheological Fluid ◽  
Loading Frequency ◽  
Magnetorheological Elastomer ◽  
Magnetorheological Elastomers ◽  
Equivalent Damping ◽  
Magnetorheological Effect ◽  
Equivalent Damping Coefficient

This article is focused on the development and characterization of highly controllable magnetorheological materials for stiffness and damping control in semi-active control applications. Two types of magnetorheological materials are developed in-house: magnetorheological elastomer with soft base elastomer, and magnetorheological fluid encapsulated in regular elastomer, namely magnetorheological fluid-elastomer. In both cases of magnetorheological elastomers and magnetorheological fluid-elastomers, the samples are evaluated using in-house-developed shear and compression test rigs, which are equipped with electromagnets and Hall effect sensors for measuring the magnetic field. These features provide the capability to precisely control a wide range of magnetic fields during the experiments. In the case of magnetorheological elastomers, the experimental results of the in-house magnetorheological elastomers are compared with commercially available counterparts made of hard base elastomer. It is shown that the controllability of the material, that is, the relative magnetorheological effect, is significantly improved in the case of magnetorheological elastomer with soft base elastomer. In addition to various magnetic fields, the samples are subjected to a range of loading amplitudes and frequencies. A general trend is observed where the frequency and strain amplitude cause an opposite effect on both the shear and compressive moduli: the increase in frequency gives rise to a higher value of modulus whereas the increase in amplitude reduces the modulus. Furthermore, the effect of bonding on the performance of the magnetorheological elastomers in compression mode is evaluated and the results indicate a significant increase in the modulus and decrease in the loss factor. In all the cases, however, the change of loss factor does not exhibit a predictable trend as a function of magnetic fields. In order to investigate a magnetorheological-based solution for controlling the damping of a semi-active system, magnetorheological fluid-elastomer samples are made in-house. These samples are fabricated using three different iron concentrations, and are tested in compression (squeeze) mode. The results of these experiments confirm that the equivalent damping coefficient of the material rises with the increase in magnetic field, and this effect becomes stronger as the iron concentration of magnetorheological fluids increases. It is also demonstrated that the magnetorheological effect is highly dependent on the loading frequency and amplitude, where the equivalent damping coefficient decreases with the increase in loading frequency and amplitude. In all the aforementioned cases, the stiffness of magnetorheological fluid-elastomers exhibits minor changes, which offers the in-house-developed magnetorheological fluid-elastomers as a damping only control option, a development that is different from the magnetorheological fluid-elastomers reported in the literature.

MONITORING INTERPARTICLE DISTANCE IN MAGNETORHEOLOGICAL COMPOSITES

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (28n29) ◽  
pp. 4868-4874
Author(s):  
G. BOSSIS ◽  
E. COQUELLE ◽  
C. NOEL ◽  
F. GIULIERI ◽  
A. M. CHAZE
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Viscoelastic Properties ◽  
Magnetic Particles ◽  
Interparticle Distance ◽  
Magnetorheological Elastomer ◽  
Magnetorheological Elastomers ◽  
Magnetic Spheres ◽  
The Creation

We describe two different systems, the first one based on a magnetorheological elastomer and the second one on magnetic particles inside a liquid crystal. In both system we manage to have chain structures with particles that are not in contact. The effect of the gap between particles on the viscoelastic properties are studied. We show in particular how in magnetorheological elastomers, the energy dissipation is closely related to the creation and the motion of cavities in the gap between the particles. In liquid crystal chaining of particles can occur without applying a magnetic field. This happens if the anchoring of liquid crystal on the surface of the particles is homeotropic. We demonstrate how the combination of elastic defects and of a magnetic field allow to obtain microscopic springs made of a pair of magnetic spheres.

Study on the Mechanical Properties of Magnetorheological Elastomers

2013 ◽  
Vol 774-776 ◽  
pp. 54-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Fei Wang ◽  
Guo Fei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Large Deformation ◽  
Shear Mode ◽  
Magnetorheological Elastomer ◽  
Test Set ◽  
Magnetorheological Elastomers ◽  
Magnetorheological Effect ◽  
Magnetic Filed ◽  
Mr Effect

A polyurethane-based magnetorheological elastomer (MR elastomer) was designed, and the magnetorheological effect (MR effect) under shear mode was systematically tested by the designed test set. The results show that the relative MR effect increases with the exterior magnetic filed strength and decreases as the incentive amplitudes increasing. The preload displacement also directly determines the relative MR effect and too large deformation will make the MR effect decreased sharply. But the incentive frequency has no very obviously influence on the relative MR effect.

Sensing Behavior of Magnetorheological Elastomers

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojie Wang ◽  
Faramarz Gordaninejad ◽  
Mert Calgar ◽  
Yanming Liu ◽  
Joko Sutrisno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Magnetic Particles ◽  
External Stimulus ◽  
Magnetorheological Elastomer ◽  
Polymer Medium ◽  
Mechanical Loads ◽  
Magnetorheological Elastomers ◽  
Impedance Response ◽  
Ferromagnetic Particles

A magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) is comprised of ferromagnetic particles aligned in a polymer medium by exposure to a magnetic field. The structures of the magnetic particles within elastomers are very sensitive to the external stimulus of either mechanical force or magnetic field, which result in multiresponse behaviors in a MRE. In this study, the sensing properties of MREs are investigated through experimentally characterizing the electrical properties of MRE materials and their interfaces with external stimulus (magnetic field or stress/strain). A phenomenological model is proposed to understand the impedance response of MREs under mechanical loads and magnetic fields. Results show that MRE samples exhibit significant changes in measured values of impedance and resistance in response to compressive deformation, as well as the applied magnetic field.

Rheological properties of isotropic magnetorheological elastomers featuring an epoxidized natural rubber

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 107001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Azhani Yunus ◽  
Saiful Amri Mazlan ◽  
Ubaidillah ◽  
Seung-Bok Choi ◽  
Fitrian Imaduddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Epoxidized Natural Rubber ◽  
Magnetorheological Elastomers

scholarly journals Development of SBR-Nanoclay Composites with Epoxidized Natural Rubber as Compatibilizer

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Rajasekar ◽  
Gert Heinrich ◽  
Amit Das ◽  
Chapal Kumar Das
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Epoxidized Natural Rubber ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Damping Characteristics ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Organically Modified ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

The significant factor that determines the improvement of properties in rubber by the incorporation of nanoclay is its distribution in the rubber matrix. The simple mixing of nonpolar rubber and organically modified nanoclay will not contribute for the good dispersion of nanofiller in the rubbery matrix. Hence a polar rubber like epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) can be used as a compatibilizer in order to obtain a better dispersion of the nanoclay in the matrix polymer. Epoxidized natural rubber and organically modified nanoclay composites (EC) were prepared by solution mixing. The nanoclay employed in this study is Cloisite 20A. The obtained nanocomposites were incorporated in styrene butadiene-rubber (SBR) compounds with sulphur as a curing agent. The morphology observed through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) shows that the nanoclay is highly intercalated in ENR, and further incorporation of EC in SBR matrix leads to partial exfoliation of the nanoclay. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis showed an increase in storage modulus and lesser damping characteristics for the compounds containing EC loading in SBR matrix. In addition, these compounds showed improvement in the mechanical properties.

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