A Systematic Review of the Use of the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP) to Assess Implicit Biases Held by Professionals Toward Client Populations

2021 ◽  
pp. 104973152110095
Author(s):  
Michelle Sereno ◽  
Jennifer Quigley ◽  
Gregory S. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure ◽  
Assessment Procedure ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Relational Responding ◽  
Relative Paucity ◽  
Implicit Biases ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Implicit biases held by professionals, functioning outside conscious awareness, can negatively affect client outcomes and professional well-being. Purpose: This systematic review evaluated evidence in the literature of Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP) utility for assessing implicit biases held by professionals toward client populations. Method: Included studies were those published 2000 through 2020 using IRAP to measure implicit biases in professionals toward consumers. Results: Eight studies met inclusion criteria, with two meeting borderline requirements. Results support IRAP reliability and validity for identifying implicit biases. Variation presents across studies in reporting and analysis of IRAP effects. Discussion: Convergence and divergence between implicit and explicit measures are discussed in terms of relational responding. Results are limited by the relative paucity of studies meeting inclusion criteria and by inconsistencies in data reporting and analysis. Methods for selecting IRAP stimuli are discussed, with a call for a more function-driven approach. Standardization of IRAP methodology is recommended to facilitate extension.

Efficacy of anger management interventions for individuals with traumatic brain injury: A systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
McKenzie Seaton, LAT, ATC, MSRT Student ◽  
Victoria DeFazio, CTRS ◽  
Heather R. Porter, PhD, CTRS
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Anger Management ◽  
Anger Expression ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Trait Anger ◽  
Recreational Therapy ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Management Interventions

The purpose of this systematic review is to examine the efficacy of anger management interventions for individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI). A total of 4,178 articles were identified of which six met the inclusion criteria. Anger management interventions included TBI education, anger education, emotional recognition, support, and maintenance of an anger log. Data were collected on eight outcomes (trait anger, anger expression-out, anger control, self-reported aggressiveness, anger recognition strategies, well-being, self-reported anger, and treatment satisfaction) with mixed findings. Suggestions for recreational therapy practice are provided. Further research is needed, particularly for the pediatric and adolescent TBI population.

A Systematic Review of Questionnaires Measuring Health-Related Empowerment

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary J. Herbert ◽  
Anita J. Gagnon ◽  
Janet E. Rennick ◽  
Jennifer L. O’Loughlin
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Full Article ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Data Bases ◽  
Moderate Evidence ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Definition Of

The objective of this systematic review was to identify questionnaires that measure health-related empowerment in adults or families and demonstrated the best evidence of reliability and validity. A search of nine data bases identified 8,269 abstracts that referred to empowerment. Full article review was completed for abstracts that met the inclusion criteria or that could not be excluded with certainty (n = 124). Fifty distinct, modified, or translated questionnaires measuring empowerment were identified in 74 articles. Each was rated in terms of reliability and validity. One questionnaire had good evidence of reliability and validity, four had moderate evidence, and 45 had limited or no evidence. Limited or no evidence for reliability and validity for many questionnaires could relate in part to lack of consensus on the theoretical definition of, and indicators for measuring empowerment. We recommend that researchers use the questionnaire rated as having good evidence and that data on reliability and validity continue to be reported for other questionnaires.

scholarly journals Does Using Multiple Computer Monitors Affect Health and Productivity? A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 977-977
Author(s):  
Kaitlin M. Gallagher ◽  
Laura Cameron ◽  
Madison Boulé ◽  
Diana De Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Study Participant ◽  
Head Rotation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
User Preference ◽  
Office Work ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Computer Monitors ◽  
And Performance

Multiple monitor configurations are used in office settings to promote increased productivity by providing more screen space. Our systematic review compiled literature to determine if office workers who use multiple computer monitor configurations have altered health and performance outcomes compared to the use of a single monitor. A secondary purpose was to compare the studies’ monitor configurations to purchasing trends. Finally, we compiled user preference results and methodological information, such as the tasks used and participant placement. Our systematic review was registered on PROSPERO (Gallagher, Cameron, De Carvalho, & Boule, 2018) a-priori and conducted and reported according to the PRISMA statement guidelines (Moher, Liberati, Tetzlaff, Altman, & Group, 2010). Inclusion criteria were any study that assessed participants over the age of 18 years, looked at office work tasks, and assessed the use of either two or more monitors at a time in comparison to single monitor use. The primary outcomes were changes in health and performance-related variables. Secondary outcomes were user preference, the characteristics of the monitor configurations tested in the study, participant placement with respect to those monitors, and tasks used to assess configuration effectiveness. Two team members (KG & MB) independently screened the titles and abstracts to determine studies that potentially met the inclusion criteria. Justification for inclusion/exclusion was recorded on a standardized form. For all included studies, the independent reviewers separately extracted information and performed a risk of bias assessment. Discrepancies were resolved through discussion and if necessary, consultation with a third reviewer (DC). We included eighteen articles in the systematic review. Four studies were conducted in a field setting using workers’ real tasks and fourteen were conducted in a laboratory setting. Performance outcomes generally improved or remained the same with the use of multiple computer monitors versus a single monitor; however, results were shown to be influenced by the task involved. Health-related outcomes were less consistent and have not been investigated enough on multiple monitor configurations and larger displays. Head rotation from neutral is found with multiple monitor use. Muscle activity and discomfort measures need further assessment, especially for larger monitors. Future work should assess health and performance measures together to get a clear picture of the potential benefits and disadvantages of the monitor setup, be cognizant of the tasks and user placements chosen, consider recent purchasing trends when selecting monitors for research studies, and conduct field studies to assess the influence of monitor choice and placement on performance, and health and well-being.

scholarly journals MP31: Debriefing critical incidents in health care: a review of the evidence

CJEM ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (S1) ◽  
pp. S51-S52 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Katherine Conrad ◽  
R. DB. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Critical Incident ◽  
Critical Incidents ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Inclusion Criteria

Introduction: Emergency health care providers (HCPs) regularly perform difficult medical resuscitations that require complex decision making and action. Critical incident debriefing has been proposed as a mechanism to mitigate the psychological effect of these stressful events and improve both provider and patient outcomes. The purpose of this updated systematic review is to determine if HCPs performing debriefing after critical incidents, compared to no debriefing, improves the outcomes of the HCPs or patients. Methods: We performed a librarian assisted systematic review of OVID Medline, CINAHL, OVID Embase and Google Scholar (January 2006 to February 2017) No restrictions for language were imposed. Two investigators evaluated articles independently for inclusion criteria, quality and data collection. Agreement was measured using the Kappa statistic and quality of the articles were assessed using the Downs and Black evaluation tool. Results: Among the 658 publications identified 16 met inclusion criteria. Participants included physicians, nurses, allied health and learners involved in both adult and pediatric resuscitations. Findings suggest that HCPs view debriefing positively (n=7). One moderate quality study showed that debriefing can enhance medical student and resident knowledge. Several studies (n=8) demonstrated at least some improvement in CPR and intubation related technical skills. Debriefing is also associated with improved short term patient survival but not survival to discharge (n=5). Two studies reported benefits to HCPs mental health as evidenced by improved ability to manage grief and decreased reported symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Conclusion: We found HCPs value debriefing after critical incidents and that debriefing is associated with improved HCP knowledge, skill and well-being. Despite these positive findings, there continues to be limited evidence that debriefing significantly impacts long term patient outcomes. Larger scale higher quality studies are required to further delineate the effect of structured debriefing on patient and provider outcomes.

Reliability and Validity of the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP) as a Measure of Change Agenda

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-513
Author(s):  
Kazuya Inoue ◽  
Taiki Shima ◽  
Madoka Takahashi ◽  
Steve K. Lee ◽  
Tomu Ohtsuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure ◽  
Assessment Procedure

Interventions to Improve Mental Health, Well-Being, Physical Health, and Lifestyle Behaviors in Physicians and Nurses: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 929-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadette Mazurek Melnyk ◽  
Stephanie A. Kelly ◽  
Janna Stephens ◽  
Kerry Dhakal ◽  
Colleen McGovern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviors ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Exclusion Criteria

Objective: This systematic review focused on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with physicians and nurses that tested interventions designed to improve their mental health, well-being, physical health, and lifestyle behaviors. Data Source: A systematic search of electronic databases from 2008 to May 2018 included PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, and the Cochrane Library. Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria: Inclusion criteria included an RCT design, samples of physicians and/or nurses, and publication year 2008 or later with outcomes targeting mental health, well-being/resiliency, healthy lifestyle behaviors, and/or physical health. Exclusion criteria included studies with a focus on burnout without measures of mood, resiliency, mindfulness, or stress; primary focus on an area other than health promotion; and non-English papers. Data Extraction: Quantitative and qualitative data were extracted from each study by 2 independent researchers using a standardized template created in Covidence. Data Synthesis: Although meta-analytic pooling across all studies was desired, a wide array of outcome measures made quantitative pooling unsuitable. Therefore, effect sizes were calculated and a mini meta-analysis was completed. Results: Twenty-nine studies (N = 2708 participants) met the inclusion criteria. Results indicated that mindfulness and cognitive-behavioral therapy-based interventions are effective in reducing stress, anxiety, and depression. Brief interventions that incorporate deep breathing and gratitude may be beneficial. Visual triggers, pedometers, and health coaching with texting increased physical activity. Conclusion: Healthcare systems must promote the health and well-being of physicians and nurses with evidence-based interventions to improve population health and enhance the quality and safety of the care that is delivered.

scholarly journals Posttraumatic growth and well-being among people living with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis in recognition of 40 years of HIV/AIDS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Pięta ◽  
Marcin Rzeszutek
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Posttraumatic Growth ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Positive Indicators ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objectives This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize, analyze, and critically review existing studies on the relationship between posttraumatic growth (PTG) and psychological well-being (operationalized either via positive or negative well-being indicators) among people living with HIV (PLWH). We also investigated whether this association varies as a function of socio-demographic, clinical characteristics, and study publication year. Method We conducted a structured literature search on Web of Science, Scopus, MedLine, PsyARTICLES, ProQuest, and Google Scholar. The most important inclusion criteria encompassed quantitative and peer-reviewed articles published in English. Results After selection, we accepted 27 articles for further analysis (N = 6333 participants). Eight studies used positive indicators of well-being. The other 19 studies focused on negative indicators of well-being. Meta-analysis revealed that there was a negative weak-size association between PTG and negative well-being indicators (r = − 0.18, 95% CI [− 0.23; − 0.11]) and a positive medium-size association between PTG and positive well-being measures (r = 0.35, 95% CI [0.21; 0.47]). We detected no moderators. Conclusions The present meta-analysis and systematic review revealed expected negative and positive associations between PTG and negative versus positive well-being indicators among PLWH. Specifically, the relationship between PTG and positive well-being indicators was more substantial than the link between PTG and negative well-being measures in these patients. Finally, observed high heterogeneity between studies and several measurement problems call for significant modification and improvement of PTG research among PLWH.

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