scholarly journals A Critical Exploration of Women’s Gendered Experiences in Outdoor Leadership

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Bond Rogers ◽  
Jeff Rose
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Outdoor Education ◽  
White Male ◽  
Diverse Populations ◽  
Leadership Roles ◽  
Underrepresented Populations ◽  
Outdoor Leadership ◽  
Masculine Norms ◽  
Outdoor Leaders

Background: Although outdoor education provides many positive learning outcomes for students, it is a field in which women continue to be underrepresented in leadership roles. Centering the voices of women and other underrepresented populations is critical to creating a more inclusive outdoor education field. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore women’s experiences as outdoor leaders, and how women’s perspectives may broaden how outdoor leadership is defined and conceptualized. Methodology/Approach: The study was grounded in narrative inquiry and a critical feminist framework and included interviews and photo reflections of six participants identifying as women outdoor leaders in higher education. Findings/Conclusions: Participants experienced sexism, gender bias, and lack of confidence in technical skills as outdoor leaders. Participants discussed how they conceptualize outdoor leadership through a lens of facilitation and discovery, challenging masculine norms and ideologies. In addition, participants’ intersections of identities influence how they experience outdoor leadership. Implications: Implications from this study indicate the continued need to center the voices of women and diverse populations, using critical frameworks nascent in outdoor education studies. In addition, critical examinations of policies and practices that may reify the White male privileged narrative of outdoor education are needed.

Outdoor Leaders' Emotional Intelligence and Transformational Leadership

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aya Hayashi ◽  
Alan Ewert
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Outdoor Leadership ◽  
Outdoor Leaders ◽  
Multifactor Leadership ◽  
Outdoor Experience

This study explored the concept of outdoor leadership from the perspectives of emotional intelligence and transformational leadership. Levels of emotional intelligence, multifactor leadership, outdoor experience, and social desirability were examined using 46 individuals designated as outdoor leaders. The results revealed a number of unique characteristics of outdoor leaders' emotional intelligence and leadership, including contributions of past outdoor experience to the development of emotional intelligence as well as transformational leadership. In addition, there was a moderate and positive relationship between emotional intelligence and transformational leadership.

Gender and leadership stereotypes theory: is it reaching the boundaries?

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 1336-1355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anselmo Ferreira Vasconcelos
Keyword(s):  
Gender Bias ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Leadership Role ◽  
Leadership Roles ◽  
Gender And Leadership ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gender Traits ◽  
Efficiency And Productivity ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Traditional Understanding

PurposeThis paper aims to answer whether the notion of the gender and leadership stereotypes theory has already reached its boundaries.Design/methodology/approachTo accomplish such a goal, it relies on the extant literature looking for more robust findings, problems, disruptions and pathways toward building a better understanding of this problematic.FindingsThe evidence gleaned throughout this paper suggests that the interplay between gender and leadership stereotypes theory has reached its boundaries. Moreover, the traditional sex stereotype or gender traits approach within companies seems to be highly limited taking into account that it tends to nurture rivalry and prejudice among people of different genders. Rather than focusing on leader sex approach or egalitarian quotas, in terms of leadership role and despite the fair argument of diversity, the author proposes that it is wiser to concentrate on a meritocratic view.Practical implicationsIt suggests that an androgyny leadership style appears to be welcomed in organizations, yet some shift about this understanding may be occurring. At present, however, female aspirants of leadership roles should work increasingly toward adapting themselves to this profile. In doing so, it is likely that they may be benefited from organizational evaluations in which the merit issue constitutes an imperative.Originality/valueOverall, it is expected to contribute to theory by arguing that the traditional understanding of gender and leadership stereotypes theory is not suitable anymore to deal with the uncertainties and complexities that shape today’s business arenas. On the contrary, it argues that such approach tends only to encourage gender bias and to nurture a somewhat sex war game in detriment of organizations efficiency and productivity.

scholarly journals Little race or gender bias in an experiment of initial review of NIH R01 grant proposals

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick S. Forscher ◽  
William Taylor Laimaka Cox ◽  
Markus Brauer ◽  
Patricia G. Devine
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Model ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Black Male ◽  
White Male ◽  
Principal Investigator ◽  
White Female ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Grant Proposals ◽  
And Gender

Many granting agencies allow reviewers to know the identity of a proposal’s Principal Investigator (PI), which opens the possibility that reviewers discriminate on the basis of PI race and gender. We investigated this experimentally with 48 NIH R01 grant proposals, representing a broad spectrum of NIH-funded science. We modified PI names to create separate White male, White female, Black male, and Black female versions of each proposal, and 412 scientists each submitted initial reviews for three proposals. We find little to no race or gender bias in initial R01 evaluations, and additionally find that any bias that might have been present must be negligible in size. This conclusion was robust to a wide array of statistical model specifications. Pragmatically important bias may be present in other aspects of the granting process, but our evidence suggests that it is not present in the initial round of R01 reviews.

scholarly journals Women in Leadership

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (04) ◽  
pp. 238-242
Author(s):  
Katerina Wells ◽  
James W. Fleshman
Keyword(s):  
Gender Bias ◽  
Women In Leadership ◽  
Professional Women ◽  
Leadership Roles ◽  
Female Representation ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
The Past ◽  
Young Professional ◽  
Relationship Of

AbstractThe role of a surgeon is inherently that of a leader and as women become a larger minority in surgical specialties, the next step becomes greater representation of women in positions of surgical leadership. Leadership is a relationship of granting and claiming wherein society must accept that women are deserving of leadership and women must realize their rightfulness to lead. Implicit gender bias undermines this relationship by perpetuating traditional gender norms of women as followers and not as leaders. Though female representation in academia and leadership has increased over the past few decades, this process is unacceptably slow, in part due to manifestations of implicit bias including discrimination within academia, pay inequality, and lack of societal support for childbearing and childcare. The women who have achieved leadership roles are testament to woman's rightfulness to lead and their presence serves to encourage other young professional women that success is possible despite these challenges.

We Are Wilderness Explorers: A Review of Outdoor Education in Canada

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 364-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Purc-Stephenson ◽  
M. Rawleigh ◽  
H. Kemp ◽  
Morten Asfeldt
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Outdoor Education ◽  
Learning Goals ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Common ◽  
Psychosocial Benefits ◽  
Published Research

Background: Outdoor education (OE) should be understood in place, time, and culture because it is not a universal teaching approach. We currently know little about what constitutes the “Canadian ways” of doing OE or what students gain from the experience. Purpose: Our goal was to (a) identify the underlying factors guiding OE programs in Canada and (b) describe the learning outcomes and psychosocial benefits of engaging in OE from the students’ perspective. Methodology/Approach: We conducted a systematic review of qualitative studies that examined OE in Canada. We searched published studies from electronic databases (1980-2018). We used meta-ethnography to synthesize the findings. Findings/Conclusions: We reviewed 21 studies reporting on the experiences of 508 students. Using thematic analysis, we identified eight themes highlighting process, goals, and learning outcomes. We developed a model that describes the common teaching components, learning process, and short-term outcomes for OE in Canada. Implications: Our results represent the first study to synthesize OE published research in Canada, which help form a unified voice and a distinctive national identity for OE in Canada. Our results serve as a catalyst for educators to share ideas, practices, and learning goals.

scholarly journals Mid-pass whole genome sequencing enables biomedical genetic studies of diverse populations

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Katrin Emde ◽  
Amanda Phipps-Green ◽  
Murray Cadzow ◽  
C. Scott Gallagher ◽  
Tanya J. Major ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Whole Genome Sequencing ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Diverse Populations ◽  
Human Genetic Variation ◽  
Underrepresented Populations ◽  
Financial Barriers ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Disease Relevance

Abstract Background Historically, geneticists have relied on genotyping arrays and imputation to study human genetic variation. However, an underrepresentation of diverse populations has resulted in arrays that poorly capture global genetic variation, and a lack of reference panels. This has contributed to deepening global health disparities. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) better captures genetic variation but remains prohibitively expensive. Thus, we explored WGS at “mid-pass” 1-7x coverage. Results Here, we developed and benchmarked methods for mid-pass sequencing. When applied to a population without an existing genomic reference panel, 4x mid-pass performed consistently well across ethnicities, with high recall (98%) and precision (97.5%). Conclusion Compared to array data imputed into 1000 Genomes, mid-pass performed better across all metrics and identified novel population-specific variants with potential disease relevance. We hope our work will reduce financial barriers for geneticists from underrepresented populations to characterize their genomes prior to biomedical genetic applications.

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