scholarly journals Rearrests of Noncitizens Subsequent to Immigration Removal From the United States

2020 ◽  
pp. 105756772097545
Author(s):  
Jennifer S. Wong ◽  
Laura J. Hickman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Los Angeles County ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
County Jail ◽  
Individual Level

Deportation or removal from the United States for criminal justice–involved noncitizens has been described as analogous to incapacitation. A common assertion is that if immigration authorities remove these noncitizens from the United States, future criminal justice involvement will be averted. The present study explores the hypothesized incapacitation effect of immigration removal and tests whether a record of prior removal predicts postremoval rearrest patterns. The sample consists of 521 foreign-born males with a verified immigration removal from the United States, following transfer into federal immigration custody from Los Angeles County Jail in 2002. California rearrests after the date of verified U.S. removal were tracked through 2011. Results indicate that 48% of the sample was rearrested at least once and 22% had three or more postremoval arrests. These findings do not support the hypothesis that deportation equates to permanent incapacitation. The study also found that a record of prior removal did not predict postremoval rearrest likelihood or frequency. As a single longitudinal study and the first of its kind, these results alone cannot inform responsible policy recommendations. The study does, however, highlight directions for further research and the pressing need for access to individual-level immigration data for empirical study and public distribution of results.

Establishing an Epidemiologic Profile of Hepatitis C Virus Infection at the Los Angeles County Jail

2021 ◽  
pp. 003335492098861
Author(s):  
Nazia Qureshi ◽  
Martha Tadesse ◽  
NgocDung Tran ◽  
Sean Henderson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Los Angeles County ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
County Jail ◽  
Epidemiologic Profile

Objective The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the most common blood-borne infection in the United States. Although 2% to 3% of the global population is estimated to be infected with HCV, an estimated 18% of the US prison population may be infected. The objective of this study was to establish an epidemiologic profile of HCV infection in the largest urban jail system in the United States. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 20 years of data on demographic characteristics, risk factors, and HCV positivity among 80 681 individuals incarcerated at the Los Angeles County Jail who were tested for HCV infection from January 1, 2000, through December 31, 2019. We used multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine predictors of HCV positivity. Results Of the 80 681 individuals tested, 27 881 (34.6%) had positive test results for HCV infection. In the multivariate analysis, HCV positivity was most strongly associated with injection drug use (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 34.9; 95% CI, 24.6-49.5) and being born during 1946-1955 (aOR = 13.0; 95% CI, 11.9-14.2). Men were more likely than women to have HCV infection (aOR = 1.4; 95% CI, 1.3-1.5), and Hispanic (aOR = 4.2; 95% CI, 3.9-4.4) and non-Hispanic White (aOR = 3.8; 95% CI, 3.5-4.0) individuals were more likely than non-Hispanic African American individuals to have HCV infection. Noninjection drug use, homelessness, and mental health issues were also significantly associated with HCV positivity. Conclusion Even in the absence of resources for universal screening for HCV infection, the creation of a risk profile and its implementation into a screening program may be a beneficial first step toward improving HCV surveillance and establishing an accurate estimate of HCV infection in the incarcerated population.

scholarly journals Planning for the Control of Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) in Los Angeles County and the United States

2011 ◽  
Vol 173 (10) ◽  
pp. 1121-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Chao ◽  
L. Matrajt ◽  
N. E. Basta ◽  
J. D. Sugimoto ◽  
B. Dean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Pandemic Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Los Angeles County ◽  
The United States ◽  
Influenza A H1n1

Black Americans and the State in Turn-of-the-Century Guatemala

2008 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 583-609
Author(s):  
Frederick Douglass Opie
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Black Americans ◽  
The United States ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Illegal Immigrants ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Federal Policies ◽  
The U.S

In May 2006, foreign-born workers, largely from Latin America, mobilized across the United States in response to calls from anti-immigrant groups for tougher federal policies against illegal immigrants. About 400,000 protested in Chicago, 300,000 in Los Angeles, and 75,000 in Denver. In fifty cities between Los Angeles and New York, workers organized walkouts, demonstrations, and rallies in an effort to show just how important they were to the smooth operation of the U.S. economy.

COMFORT ZONES

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Zubrinsky Charles
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
English Language ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Racial Composition ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Recent Immigrants ◽  
Neighborhood Racial Composition

AbstractThe remarkable increase in immigration from Asia and Latin America requires a rethinking of multiracial analyses of neighborhood racial-composition preferences. This research addresses two interrelated questions: (1) since spatial mobility is so central to social mobility, how do recent Asian and Latino/a immigrants develop ideas about the racial and ethnic composition of the neighborhoods in which they want to live; and (2) what are the implications of processes of immigrant adaptation for the likely dynamics of race and ethnic relations in increasingly diverse communities? Guided by Massey's spatial assimilation model and previous studies of neighborhood racial-composition preferences, this research underscores the critical importance of immigration and assimilation as influences on preferences for same-race, White, and Black neighbors. Data are from the 1993–1994 Los Angeles Survey of Urban Inequality (N = 1921). Results point to the critical role of acculturation—the accumulation of time in the United States and English-language proficiency/use, as well as racial attitudes—in understanding what motivates preferences for these diverse groups, and to the complexities of accurately modeling preferences among largely foreign-born populations. Preferences for both same-race and White neighbors vary by the length of time that immigrants have accumulated in the United States and their ability to communicate effectively in English. English-language fluency is a particularly salient predictor of preferences among recent immigrants. Consistent with prior research on preferences, racial stereotypes stand out as particularly potent predictors of preferences; however, their influence is weakest among the most recent immigrants, coming to resemble those of the native-born with increasing years of U.S. residence.

scholarly journals Becoming American/Becoming New Yorkers: Immigrant Incorporation in a Majority Minority City

2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 1020-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Kasinitz ◽  
John Mollenkopf ◽  
Mary C. Waters
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
New Jersey ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Press Release ◽  
Immigrant Incorporation ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
New Yorkers

Many observers have noted that immigrants to the United States are highly concentrated in the largest metropolitan areas of a relatively few states. Though immigrants diffused into many places that had previously seen relatively few immigrants during the 1990s, as of the 2000 census, 77 percent of the nation's 31.1 million foreign born residents still lived in six states – California, New York, Texas, Florida, New Jersey, and Illinois. According to the 2000 census, the two largest metropolitan areas, Los Angeles and New York, accounted for one third of all immigrants ( http://www.census.gov/Press-Release/www/2002/demoprofiles.html ). While immigrants moved into many new areas during the 1990s, making the challenge of incorporating their children a national issue, their concentration in our largest cities remained pronounced.

Transnational Twist: Pecuniary Remittances and the Socioeconomic Integration of Authorized and Unauthorized Mexican Immigrants in Los Angeles County

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico A. Marcelli ◽  
B. Lindsay Lowell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Los Angeles County ◽  
Mexican Immigrants ◽  
The United States ◽  
Neighborhood Context ◽  
Immigrant Integration ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Community Context ◽  
The Impact

Annual U.S.-Mexico pecuniary remittances are estimated to have more than doubled recently to at least $10 billion – augmenting interest among policymakers, financial institutions, and transnational migrant communities concerning how relatively poor expatriate Mexicans sustain such large transfers and the impact on immigrant integration in the United States. We employ the 2001 Los Angeles County Mexican Immigrant Residency Status Survey (LAC-MIRSS) to investigate how individual characteristics and social capital traditionally associated with integration, neighborhood context, and various investments in the United States influenced remitting in 2000. Remitting is estimated to have been inversely related to conventional integration metrics and influenced by community context in both sending and receiving areas. Contrary to straight-line assimilation theories and more consistent with a transnational or nonlinear perspective, however, remittances are also estimated to have been positively related to immigrant homeownership in Los Angeles County and negatively associated with having had public health insurance such as Medicaid.

scholarly journals Experiences matter: A longitudinal study of individual-level sources of declining social trust in the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 102537
Author(s):  
Jan Mewes ◽  
Malcolm Fairbrother ◽  
Giuseppe Nicola Giordano ◽  
Cary Wu ◽  
Rima Wilkes
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
The United States ◽  
Individual Level

Immigrants and the Criminal Justice System: An Exploratory Study

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Davis ◽  
Edna Erez ◽  
Nancy E. Avitabile
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Justice System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Recent Immigrants ◽  
Recent Immigrant

Experts have argued that there are significant barriers to recent immigrants' use of the criminal justice system. This exploratory study, using convenience samples, is among the first to look empirically at the experiences of recent immigrant victims with the criminal justice system in the United States. Contrary to expectations, we found that immigrants reported relatively few problems unique to foreign-born persons in dealing with the police and the courts, and that their satisfaction with the justice system was comparable to levels reported in studies of native-born victims. The results suggest that although recent immigrants' expectations ofthe criminal justice system may be different from those of native born, the experiences of immigrant victims and their satisfaction with the justice system are similar in many respects to those of native-born victims.

A Tale of Two Global Cities: The State of Asian Americans in Los Angeles and New York

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Howard Shih ◽  
Melany De La Cruz-Viesca
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Asian Americans ◽  
Asian American ◽  
York City ◽  
Los Angeles County ◽  
The United States ◽  
Metro Area

At the national level, the Asian American population has grown more than any other major race group. According to the 2010 Census, the Los Angeles metro area had 2,199,186 Asians, making it the home to the largest Asian population in the United States. Following close behind was the New York City metro area with 2,008,906 Asians. Over a quarter of the 14.7 million Asian Americans reside in either of the two greater metropolitan regions, where they comprise around a tenth of the total population in each metropolis. We begin with a brief historical overview of immigration legislation that has both invited and excluded Asian Americans, as a means of understanding how Asian Americans have been perceived over time. We will also compare some key characteristics of Asian American populations in Los Angeles County, New York City, the Balance of LA Combined Statistical Area (CSA) (excluding Los Angeles County), and the Balance of NYC CSA (excluding New York City), and the Balance of the United States. The paper will cover: (1) demographic trends and patterns (2) economic status (3) political engagement and incorporation, and (4) residential settlement patterns. We close with a discussion of how these demographic changes have contributed to Asian Americans rapid social, economic, and political upward mobility in the last decade, at a time when the global restructuring of the economy has blurred nation-state boundaries that once existed and migration from Asia to the United States has become more complex, particularly over the past two decades.

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