Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Burden Scale for Family Caregivers-Short Form

2021 ◽  
pp. 106648072110524
Author(s):  
Rachel R. Tambling ◽  
Carissa D’Aniello ◽  
Beth S. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Caregiver Burden ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Caregiving Burden ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Burden Scale

Caregiver burden describes the physical, psychological, social, and financial demands of providing care to others. Caregiver burden has been investigated in general, and off-time caregiving often specific to chronic, recurring conditions. Despite the substantial research attention to caregiving burden, there have been few studies aimed establishing the psychometric evaluation of measurement tools used to measure the construct ( Pendergrass et al., 2018 ). Accurate measurement of caregiving burden is essential for studying the myriad effects on caregivers’ mental, physical, financial, and relational health. To begin to fill this gap, we conducted an exploratory factor analysis and a confirmatory factor analysis of the Burden Scale for Family Caregivers ( Pendergrass et al., 2018 ) in two distinct samples. Results of an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) indicated a one factor solution. Implications for these findings on the study of caregiver burden are included.

scholarly journals Οικογενειακοί-σχολικοί παράγοντες που σχετίζονται με τα προβλήματα συμπεριφοράς μαθητών δημοτικού σχολείου και η διαχείρισή τους στο πλαίσιο της οικογένειας και του σχολείου

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Μαρία Σμυρνάκη
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Parental Acceptance ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Path Models

Σκοπός της παρούσας μελέτης ήταν η διερεύνηση οικογενειακών και σχολικών παραγόντων που σχετίζονται με τα προβλήματα συμπεριφοράς μαθητών δημοτικού σχολείου και των πρακτικών διαχείρισής τους στο πλαίσιο της οικογένειας και του σχολείου στην ημιαστική περιοχή του Γαζίου, του Νομού Ηρακλείου Κρήτης. Ειδικότερα, επρόκειτο για μια μελέτη περίπτωσης που βασίστηκε στη συλλογή εμπειρικών και ποιοτικών δεδομένων. Στο εμπειρικό της μέρος, πραγματοποιήθηκε συγκριτική έρευνα ανάμεσα σε 55 μαθητές με προβλήματα συμπεριφοράς (ερευνητική ομάδα) και σε 55 μαθητές χωρίς προβλήματα συμπεριφοράς (ομάδα ελέγχου), που ανήκαν στις τρεις τελευταίες τάξεις του δημοτικού σχολείου, με τη χορήγηση 7 συνολικά ερωτηματολογίων: 1) Ερωτηματολόγιο TRF για Εκπαιδευτικούς (32 Ερωτήσεις) Παιδιών Ηλικίας 6-18 ετών (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2003), 2) Εργαλείο Ψυχοκοινωνικής Προσαρμογής: Κλίμακα Αυτοαναφοράς για Μαθητές 10-12 ετών (Χατζηχρήστου, Πολυχρόνη, Μπεζεβέγκης, & Μυλωνάς, 2008), 3) Εργαλείο Ψυχοκοινωνικής Προσαρμογής: Κλίμακα Εκπαιδευτικού για Παιδιά 7-12 ετών (Χατζηχρήστου, Πολυχρόνη, Μπεζεβέγκης, & Μυλωνάς, 2008), 4) PARQ/Parental Acceptance-Rejection/Short Form (Rohner, 2004), 5) TARQ/Teacher’s Acceptance-Rejection/Short Form (Rohner, 2004), 6) SFI/Self Report Family Inventory, Version II (Beavers & Hampson, 1990) και 7) Το Ερωτηματολόγιο της Τάξης μου για το Δημοτικό Σχολείο (ΤΕΤ/Βούλγαρης & Ματσαγγούρας, 2004). Το ποιοτικό μέρος περιελάμβανε τη μελέτη 12 συνολικά περιπτώσεων μαθητών με προβλήματα συμπεριφοράς και τη διεξαγωγή ημιδομημένων συνεντεύξεων στους ίδιους τους μαθητές, στους γονείς και στους δασκάλους τους (36 συνολικά συνεντεύξεις), όπου κατά κύριο λόγο διερευνήθηκαν: οι πρακτικές διαχείρισης που υιοθετούνται από τους γονείς και τους δασκάλους απέναντι στα προβλήματα συμπεριφοράς των μαθητών, ο τρόπος που αυτές βιώνονται από τους μαθητές, οι αντιδράσεις που τους προκαλούν και η αποτίμηση της αποτελεσματικότητάς τους κι από τις τρεις πλευρές. Η ανάλυση των εμπειρικών δεδομένων της έρευνας, η οποία βασίστηκε στο Στατιστικό Πακέτο IBM SPSS Statistics Version 20, περιελάμβανε Διμεταβλητές Σχέσεις, Διερευνητική Παραγοντική Ανάλυση/Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Επιβεβαιωτική Παραγοντική Ανάλυση /Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) και Ανάλυση Διαδρομών/Path Analysis, όπου εξετάστηκε η προσαρμογή 9 διαφορετικών Μοντέλων Διαδρομών/Path Models. Οι συνεντεύξεις της ποιοτικής μελέτης αναλύθηκαν με τη μέθοδο της ανάλυσης περιεχομένου. Σύμφωνα με τα βασικότερα ευρήματα του εμπειρικού μέρους: 1) η αυτοαντίληψη του μαθητή διαδραματίζει τον πιο σημαντικό ρόλο στην πρόβλεψη των προβλημάτων συμπεριφοράς στο συγκεκριμένο πληθυσμό μαθητών, συγκρινόμενη τους άλλους παράγοντες ψυχοκοινωνικής του ανάπτυξης (κοινωνική, συναισθηματική και σχολική επάρκεια), 2) η εχθρότητα/επιθετικότητα του πατέρα και της μητέρας προβλέπουν σε σημαντικό βαθμό την παρουσία προβλημάτων συμπεριφοράς στον πληθυσμό αυτό, 3) η στάση αποδοχής/απόρριψης των δύο γονιών συνάδει μεταξύ τους, με τη στάση του πατέρα να επηρεάζει τη στάση της μητέρας στις ήπιες μορφές απόρριψης και τη στάση της μητέρας να επηρεάζει τη στάση του πατέρα στις πιο έντονες μορφές απόρριψης, ενώ η αντίστοιχη στάση του δασκάλου επηρεάζεται από τη στάση του πατέρα, 4) η ζεστασιά/στοργή της μητέρας διαδραματίζει τον πιο σημαντικό ρόλο στην πρόβλεψη των προβλημάτων συμπεριφοράς και της σχολικής επάρκειας των μαθητών αυτών, συγκρινόμενη με τις άλλες διαστάσεις μητρικής και πατρικής αποδοχής/απόρριψης, ενώ τόσο η συνοχή, όσο και η σύγκρουση της οικογένειας προβλέπουν με τον ίδιο τρόπο την υγιή/ικανή οικογενειακή λειτουργία και 5) η αδιαφοροποίητη απόρριψη του δασκάλου προβλέπει στο μεγαλύτερο βαθμό την παρουσία προβλημάτων συμπεριφοράς στο συγκεκριμένο πληθυσμό μελέτης συγκριτικά με τις άλλες διαστάσεις αποδοχής/απόρριψης του δασκάλου, ενώ τόσο η συνεκτικότητα, όσο και η διενεκτικότητα της τάξης προβλέπουν με τον ίδιο τρόπο την ικανοποίηση από τη λειτουργία της τάξης. Ακόμα, βάσει των κυριότερων δεδομένων του ποιοτικού μέρους της έρευνας: 1) υπερισχύουν οι αρνητικές γονικές και εκπαιδευτικές πρακτικές αντιμετώπισης της προβληματικής συμπεριφοράς των μαθητών (π.χ. ανέβασμα του τόνου της φωνής, τιμωρίες, φυσική/σωματική επιθετικότητα), σύμφωνα με τις αναφορές των ίδιων των μαθητών, 2) οι πρακτικές των γονιών κι ειδικά της μητέρας βιώνονται από τους μαθητές ως πιο σκληρές από εκείνες των δασκάλων τους και συνήθως συνδέονται με τη μη συμμόρφωσή τους, σε αντιδιαστολή με εκείνες του δασκάλου, στις οποίες οι μαθητές συμμορφώνονται, 3) οι αρνητικές γονικές πρακτικές προκαλούν συναισθήματα στενοχώριας, φόβου και θυμού στους μαθητές, 4) οι αποτελεσματικές γονικές και εκπαιδευτικές πρακτικές ομόφωνα συνδέονται, κατά την αντίληψη των τριών πλευρών, με θετικούς κυρίως τρόπους προσέγγισης των μαθητών (π.χ. συζήτηση, ενθάρρυνση, χιούμορ), ενώ οι αναποτελεσματικές πρακτικές με αποκλειστικά αρνητικούς τρόπους προσέγγισής τους (π.χ. ανέβασμα του τόνου της φωνής, τιμωρία, επίπληξη) και 5) οι μαθητές ζητούν από τους γονείς και τους δασκάλους τους να σταματήσουν τις αρνητικές πρακτικές και να αυξήσουν τις θετικές πρακτικές που εφαρμόζουν. Πρόκειται για δεδομένα που συμβάλλουν σημαντικά στη βαθύτερη κατανόηση του συγκεκριμένου πληθυσμού μελέτης, η οποία συνιστά αναγκαία προϋπόθεση και συνθήκη για το σχεδιασμό και την υλοποίηση εστιασμένων/αποτελεσματικών προληπτικών προγραμμάτων και παρεμβάσεων σχετικά με την προβληματική/αντικοινωνική (επιθετική και παραβατική) συμπεριφορά των προ-εφήβων μαθητών.

Development of the Caregiving Burden Scale for Family Caregivers of Children with Cancer

2021 ◽  
pp. 019394592110411
Author(s):  
Hamide Nur Çevik Özdemir ◽  
Selmin Şenol
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Delphi Technique ◽  
Psychosocial Health ◽  
Item Pool ◽  
Children With Cancer ◽  
Caregiving Burden ◽  
Pediatric Cancer Patients ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Burden Scale

Due to the burden of caregiving, family caregivers of children with cancer suffer from physical and psychosocial health problems. The aim of this study was to develop a Caregiving Burden Scale for Family Caregivers of Children with Cancer (CBSFC-CC) and to assess its psychometric properties. A methodological, descriptive study design was conducted. The study sample consisted of 217 family caregivers caring for children with cancer between the ages of 0 and 18 years. The item pool of the scale was created using the Delphi Technique. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the overall scale was 0.93. The item-total score correlations ranged from 0.424 to 0.645. The exploratory factor analysis showed that the scale explained 68.34% of the total variance. The confirmatory factor analysis also showed that the factor loadings of the scale ranged from 0.46 to 0.96. NNFI, CFI, and IFI were found to be > 0.90, and RMSEA was found to be < 0.09. The CBSFC-CC was found to be a good multidimensional instrument for evaluating the burden on family caregivers of pediatric cancer patients. It can be used in clinical practice and research. This tool can be considered to tailor interventions aimed at improving caregiver outcomes.

Dimensionality of burden in Alzheimer caregivers: confirmatory factor analysis and correlates of the Zarit Burden interview

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1455-1463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheung-Tak Cheng ◽  
Timothy Kwok ◽  
Linda C. W. Lam
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Caregiver Burden ◽  
Care Recipient ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Zarit Burden Interview ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

ABSTRACTBackground:To investigate dimensions of caregiver burden through factor analysis of the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), and to examine predictors of different dimensions of burden.Methods:Confirmatory factor analyses were performed on 395 Hong Kong Chinese Alzheimer caregivers to examine whether several proposed factor structures fit the data well. Subsequently, participants were split into two roughly equal subsamples, for the purpose of identifying the most optimal factor structure through exploratory factor analysis in Sample A (n = 183) and an independent verification through confirmatory factor analysis in Sample B (n = 212). ZBI subscales representing the established factors were correlated with caregiver and care-recipient variables known to be associated with burden.Results:Confirmatory factor analyses showed that factor models reported elsewhere did not fit the data well. Subsequently, exploratory factor analysis in Sample A suggested a 4-factor structure. After dropping three items due to poor factor loadings, the 4-factor structure was found to fit the data moderately well in Sample B. The four factors tapped personal strain, captivity, self-criticism, and loss of control. However, self-criticism was basically unrelated to the other three factors and showed a rather different pattern of correlations with caregiver and care-recipient variables. Self-criticism was more common among child caregivers and those who did not live with the care-recipient and was less involved in day-to-day care, yet feeling obligated and close to the care-recipient.Conclusions:The dimensions of caregiver burden may be culturally specific. More research is needed to examine cultural considerations in measuring caregiver burden.

Validation of the Chinese Translation of the Spatial Hearing Questionnaire and Its Short Form

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Ou ◽  
Bei Wen ◽  
Ann Perreau ◽  
Elaine Kim ◽  
Richard Tyler
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Spatial Hearing ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Chinese Translation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hearing Ability ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

Purpose Few questionnaires address how to measure spatial hearing ability in complex listening situations. The purpose of the study was (a) to validate the Chinese translation of the Spatial Hearing Questionnaire (C-SHQ) among Chinese participants and (b) to provide a shortened version for the purpose of clinical screening. Method This was a cross-sectional study. The C-SHQ was developed from the process of translation and back-translation of the original 24-item, English version (Tyler, Perreau, & Ji, 2009). The C-SHQ was administered to 146 patients at the Department of Otolaryngology Clinic of Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital between October 2013 and May 2014 at Sichuan, China. Exploratory factor analysis and reliability tests were performed for the full version, and confirmatory factor analysis was applied for the shortened version of the C-SHQ. Results The exploratory factor analysis revealed scores loaded on 3 similar factors compared with the original SHQ. The internal consistency reliability was high (Cronbach's α = 0.99). The confirmatory factor analysis indicated that a shortened version of 12 items is sufficient to measure spatial hearing abilities. Conclusions The C-SHQ and its short form are both reliable and valid questionnaires, which are suitable for both research and clinical settings to measure spatial hearing ability in the Chinese population.

The Hierarchical Model of Exercise Dependence

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gayatri Kotbagi ◽  
Laurence Kern ◽  
Lucia Romo ◽  
Ramesh Pathare
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Preliminary Version

Abstract. Physical exercise when done excessively may have negative consequences on physical and psychological wellbeing. There exist many scales to measure this phenomenon. The purpose of this article is to create a scale measuring the problematic practice of physical exercise (PPPE Scale) by combining two assessment tools already existing in the field of exercise dependency but anchored in different approaches (EDS-R and EDQ). This research consists of three studies carried out on three independent sample populations. The first study (N = 341) tested the construct validity (exploratory factor analysis); the second study (N = 195) tested the structural validity (confirmatory factor analysis) and the third study (N = 104) tested the convergent validity (correlations) of the preliminary version of the PPPE scale. Exploratory factor analysis identified six distinct dimensions associated with exercise dependency. Furthermore, confirmatory factor analysis validated a second order model consisting of 25 items with six dimensions and four sub-dimensions. The convergent validity of this scale with other constructs (GLTEQ, EAT26, and The Big Five Inventory [BFI]) is satisfactory. The preliminary version of the PPPE must be administered to a large population to refine its psychometric properties and develop scoring norms.

Equivalent Factorial Structure of the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) in Clinical and Nonclinical Jordanian Populations

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fawzi S. Daoud ◽  
Amjed A. Abojedi
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Brief Symptom Inventory ◽  
Factorial Structure ◽  
Symptom Inventory ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Item Checklist ◽  
General Psychological Distress

This study investigates the equivalent factorial structure of the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) in clinical and nonclinical Jordanian populations, using both exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The 53-item checklist was administered to 647 nonclinical participants and 315 clinical participants. Eight factors emerged from the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) for the nonclinical sample, and six factors emerged for the clinical sample. When tested by parallel analysis (PA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), the results reflected a unidimensional factorial structure in both samples. Furthermore, multigroup CFA showed invariance between clinical and nonclinical unidimensional models, which lends further support to the evidence of the unidimensionality of the BSI. The study suggests that the BSI is a potentially useful measure of general psychological distress in clinical and nonclinical population. Ideas for further research are recommended.

Understanding Perception of Weight Stigma: Development and Validation of Perceived Weight Stigmatization Scale

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 869-897
Author(s):  
Atiqa Rafeh ◽  
Rubina Hanif
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
University Students ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Weight Stigma ◽  
Principal Component Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Perceived Weight ◽  
Weight Stigmatization

The present study was intended to develop a scale to measure perceived weight stigmatization among people with obesity. The study was conducted in five steps. In first step, three focus group discussions were conducted with female obese university students to get the first-hand information related to weight stigmatization. Step two involved four interviews which were conducted with male obese university students to collect detailed information about weight stigmatization experiences of men. Step three included content analysis of qualitative data for item generation. In step four, judge’s opinion was taken, and a committee approach was carried out to select the items for the initial form of the scale. Items for final form of the scale were selected through exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis in step five. For exploratory factor analysis, 150 university students (men = 61, women = 89) were included in the sample, whereas, for confirmatory factor analysis, another group of students (men = 78, women = 72) participated in the study. Principal Component Factor Analysis revealed three meaningful structures including Self-Perception, Perceived Social Rejection, and Perceived Impact containing 43 items. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed this factor structure and all 43 items possessed factor loadings greater than .40. Moreover, results indicated that perceived weight stigmatization had high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = .96) with three subscales having internal consistency .95, .83, and .92 respectively. Therefore, Perceived Weight Stigmatization Scale turned out to be a reliable and valid instrument for measuring perception of weight stigma in adults with obesity.

An investigation into the factor structure of the Cognitive Therapy Scale – Revised (CTS-R) in a CBT training sample

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Sarah Beale ◽  
Silia Vitoratou ◽  
Sheena Liness
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

Abstract Background: Effective monitoring of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) competence depends on psychometrically robust assessment methods. While the UK Cognitive Therapy Scale – Revised (CTS-R; Blackburn et al., 2001) has become a widely used competence measure in CBT training, practice and research, its underlying factor structure has never been investigated. Aims: This study aimed to present the first investigation into the factor structure of the CTS-R based on a large sample of postgraduate CBT trainee recordings. Method: Trainees (n = 382) provided 746 mid-treatment audio recordings for depression (n = 373) and anxiety (n = 373) cases scored on the CTS-R by expert markers. Tapes were split into two equal samples counterbalanced by diagnosis and with one tape per trainee. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted. The suggested factor structure and a widely used theoretical two-factor model were tested with confirmatory factor analysis. Measurement invariance was assessed by diagnostic group (depression versus anxiety). Results: Exploratory factor analysis suggested a single-factor solution (98.68% explained variance), which was supported by confirmatory factor analysis. All 12 CTS-R items were found to contribute to this single factor. The univariate model demonstrated full metric invariance and partial scalar invariance by diagnosis, with one item (item 10 – Conceptual Integration) demonstrating scalar non-invariance. Conclusions: Findings indicate that the CTS-R is a robust homogenous measure and do not support division into the widely used theoretical generic versus CBT-specific competency subscales. Investigation into the CTS-R factor structure in other populations is warranted.

scholarly journals Validation of the Spanish-Mexican Version of the Australian Breastfeeding Attitude Questionnaire in Higher Education Health Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4609
Author(s):  
Gabriela Alejandra Grover-Baltazar ◽  
Gabriela Macedo-Ojeda ◽  
Ana Sandoval-Rodríguez ◽  
Marianne Martínez-Vizmanos ◽  
Lucrecia Carrera-Quintanar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Valid Instrument ◽  
The One ◽  
Breastfeeding Attitudes

Positive attitudes towards breastfeeding in health professionals/students have been associated with increasing their confidence to provide support and accompaniment to mothers. In Mexico, there is no valid/reliable tool to assess attitudes towards breastfeeding in this population. The Australian Breastfeeding Attitudes (and Knowledge) Questionnaire (ABAQ) measures attitudes in the Australian population. We aimed to adapt and validate the ABAQ in Mexican health students. We included 264 health students (nursing, nutrition, and medicine) from the University of Guadalajara. Bilingual translators carried out the Spanish adaptation with a reverse translation into English. Experts evaluated the content validity. Reliability was evaluated through an internal consistency analysis (Cronbach’s alpha) and construct validity through convergent–divergent validation, item–total correlation, exploratory factor analysis (by principal components), and confirmatory factor analysis. According to the exploratory factor analysis, only one component was identified. Seven items were removed (low correlation between items ≤0.2 and low factor load ≤0.3). The Cronbach’s alpha was 0.78. According to the confirmatory factor analysis, the one-factor solution of the ABAQ-13Mx showed a good model fit (X2 = 98.41, G = 62, p = 0.02, CFI = 0.940, and RMSEA = 0.048). The ABAQ-13Mx is a reliable and valid instrument for evaluating attitudes towards breastfeeding in Mexican health degree students.

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