Primary Mucinous Cystadenocarcinoma of the Breast: A Rare Case Report With Review of Literature

2021 ◽  
pp. 106689692199165
Author(s):  
Ekta Jain ◽  
Abhishek Kumar ◽  
Raajul Jain ◽  
Shivani Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Mucinous Cystadenocarcinoma ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Whole Body Imaging ◽  
Cytokeratin 20 ◽  
Braf Mutations ◽  
Palpable Mass ◽  
Viral Oncogene ◽  
First Case ◽  
Viral Oncogene Homolog

Primary mucinous cystadenocarcinoma (MCA) of the breast is a rare variant of breast carcinoma known to have a favorable prognosis despite showing a basal-like phenotype. We describe a case of MCA breast in a 45-year-old female with a palpable mass in the breast. On the basis of the histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation of a lumpectomy specimen with the absence of mass anywhere else on whole-body imaging, a diagnosis of primary MCA was rendered. Mismatch repair protein evaluation showed this tumor to be microsatellite stable. Molecular testing revealed the absence of Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog (NRAS), and v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) mutations. To date only 27 cases of MCA breast have been reported. To the best of our knowledge, ours is the first case documenting diffuse Cytokeratin 20 (CK20) positivity, microsatellite stability, and the absence of KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF mutations in these tumors. The rarity of this tumor further evokes an interest in this case. A better understanding of the disease warrants a review of more cases with longer follow-ups.

scholarly journals V-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF) mutations in hairy cell leukaemia

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Neeraj Arora ◽  
Sheila Nair ◽  
Rekha Pai ◽  
Sukesh Nair ◽  
Auro Viswabandya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hairy Cell Leukaemia ◽  
Cell Leukaemia ◽  
Hairy Cell ◽  
Braf Mutations ◽  
Viral Oncogene ◽  
Murine Sarcoma ◽  
Viral Oncogene Homolog

scholarly journals Necessity of Microdissecting Different Tumor Components in Pulmonary Tumor Pyrosequencing

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Dahui Qin ◽  
Zhong Zheng ◽  
Shanxiang Shen ◽  
Prudence Smith ◽  
Farah K. Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Tissue Sampling ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Kras Mutations ◽  
Viral Oncogene ◽  
Pulmonary Tumor ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Murine Sarcoma ◽  
Viral Oncogene Homolog

Microdissection is a useful method in tissue sampling prior to molecular testing. Tumor heterogeneity imposes new challenges for tissue sampling. Different microdissecting methods have been employed in face of such challenge. We improved our microdissection method by separately microdissecting the morphologically different tumor components. This improvement helped the pyrosequencing data analysis of two specimens. One specimen consisted of both adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine components. When both tumor components were sequenced together for KRAS (Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog) gene mutations, the resulting pyrogram indicated that it was not a wild type, suggesting that it contained KRAS mutation. However, the pyrogram did not match any KRAS mutations and a conclusion could not be reached. After microdissecting and testing the adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine components separately, it was found that the adenocarcinoma was positive for KRAS G12C mutation and the neuroendocrine component was positive for KRAS G12D mutation. The second specimen consisted of two morphologically different tumor nodules. When microdissected and sequenced separately, one nodule was positive for BRAF (v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1) V600E and the other nodule was wild type at the BRAF codon 600. These examples demonstrate that it is necessary to microdissect morphologically different tumor components for pyrosequencing.

Intracranial desmoplastic small round cell tumor presenting as a suprasellar mass

2015 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 773-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sravan K. Thondam ◽  
Daniel du Plessis ◽  
Daniel J. Cuthbertson ◽  
Kumar S. V. Das ◽  
Mohsen Javadpour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Wilms Tumor ◽  
Mediastinal Lymph Node ◽  
Postoperative Treatment ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Whole Body Imaging ◽  
Round Cell ◽  
Primary Malignancy ◽  
Small Round Cell ◽  
First Case

Desmoplastic small round cell tumors (DSRCTs) are rare, aggressive neoplasms that typically arise from abdominal and pelvic peritoneum in young adults. Other primary sites are uncommon, and an intracranial origin is exceptionally rare. Here the authors report the first case of a DSRCT presenting as a primary suprasellar tumor causing panhypopituitarism and severe bitemporal hemianopia in a young man. Macroscopic debulking of the tumor was undertaken, and histology revealed features of DSRCT. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction confirmed the presence of Ewing's sarcoma–Wilms tumor 1 (EWS-WT1) gene rearrangement specific to DSRCT. Postoperative whole-body imaging showed no primary malignancy elsewhere. The tumor recurred 4 months after surgery, and this was followed by cervical and mediastinal lymph node metastases. The patient died 20 months after initial presentation of rapidly progressive disease. DSRCTs should be included in the differential diagnosis of an unusual suprasellar mass in young adults. Early diagnosis is essential, and once the tumor is identified histologically, gross-total resection and radical postoperative treatment involving radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and close surveillance are required because of the lesion's potential for rapidly progressive malignancy.

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathway in Cutaneous Melanoma: An Updated Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 140 (11) ◽  
pp. 1290-1296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres Martin Acosta ◽  
ShriHari S. Kadkol
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Cutaneous Melanoma ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Mapk Signaling Pathway ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Braf Mutations ◽  
Viral Oncogene ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Viral Oncogene Homolog

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway is a cascade of protein kinases that act in a sequential and predominantly linear fashion, albeit displaying some cross talk with other signaling cascades. Mutations in proteins integral to the MAPK signaling pathway are present in more than 50% of cutaneous melanomas. The most frequently mutated protein is v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF), followed by neuroblastoma Ras viral oncogene homolog (NRAS). Recently, the development of targeted drugs for the treatment of BRAF-mutant melanoma has led to the widespread implementation of molecular assays for the detection of specific BRAF mutations. There have been some attempts to standardize testing of BRAF mutations, but this has not been achieved so far. Here we provide an updated review on the role of the MAPK signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of cutaneous melanoma, focusing on several different BRAF mutations and their diagnostic and therapeutic implications.

scholarly journals P2.11-21 Usefulness of Diffusion-Weighted Whole-Body Imaging with Background Suppression in the Postoperative Follow-up Period

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. S800
Author(s):  
K. Suemori ◽  
M. Kataoka ◽  
D. Okutani ◽  
T. Fujita ◽  
I. Togami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Body ◽  
Background Suppression ◽  
Whole Body Imaging ◽  
Body Imaging ◽  
Diffusion Weighted

scholarly journals Diffusion-weighted whole-body imaging with background body signal suppression/T2-weighted image fusion of gastrointestinal cancers

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
MINORU TOMIZAWA ◽  
FUMINOBU SHINOZAKI ◽  
KAZUNORI FUGO ◽  
TAKAFUMI SUNAOSHI ◽  
DAISUKE KANO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Fusion ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Whole Body Imaging ◽  
Gastrointestinal Cancers ◽  
Body Imaging ◽  
Weighted Image ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
Signal Suppression

scholarly journals Small-animal whole-body imaging using a photoacoustic full ring array system

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Xia ◽  
Zijian Guo ◽  
Andres Aguirre ◽  
Quing Zhu ◽  
Lihong V. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Small Animal ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Whole Body Imaging ◽  
Body Imaging

scholarly journals Carbon Nanotubes—Potent Carriers for Targeted Drug Delivery in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 453
Author(s):  
Camilla Kofoed Andersen ◽  
Sangita Khatri ◽  
Jonas Hansen ◽  
Sofie Slott ◽  
Rohith Pavan Parvathaneni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Human Blood ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Coupling Efficiency ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Whole Body Imaging

Two types of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), HiPco- and carboxyl-SWCNT, are evaluated as drug carriers for the traditional anti-inflammatory drug methotrexate (MTX) and a small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting NOTCH1 gene. The nanotubes are solubilized by PEGylation and covalently loaded with MTX. The coupling efficiency (CE%) of MTX is 77–79% for HiPco-SWCNT and 71–83% for carboxyl-SWCNT. siRNA is noncovalently attached to the nanotubes with efficiency of 90–97% for HiPco-SWCNT and 87–98% for carboxyl-SWCNT. Through whole body imaging in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II window, 1000–1700 nm), SWCNTs were found to be selectively accumulated in inflamed joints in a serum transfer mouse model. We further investigated the interactions of the siRNA/MTX loaded nanotubes with human blood and mice bone marrow cells. In human blood, both types of unloaded SWCNTs were associated with B cells, monocytes and neutrophils. Interestingly, loading with MTX suppressed SWCNTs targeting specificity to immune cells, especially B cells; in contrast, loading siRNA alone enhanced the targeting specificity. Loading both MTX and siRNA to carboxyl-SWCNT enhanced targeting specificity to neutrophils and monocytes but not B cells. The targeting specificity of SWCNTs can potentially be adjusted by altering the ratio of MTX and siRNA loaded. The combined results show that carbon nanotubes have the potential for delivery of cargo drugs specifically to immune cells involved in rheumatoid arthritis.

Detection of Hemangiomas Using Whole-body Imaging with Technetium-99m Labeled RBCs

1986 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 716-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEREMY J. HOLLERMAN ◽  
MARC A. BERNSTEIN ◽  
JERRY W. FROELICH ◽  
GEORGE SCHKUDOR
Keyword(s):  
Whole Body ◽  
Whole Body Imaging ◽  
Body Imaging ◽  
Technetium 99M

scholarly journals Companion Biomarkers: Paving the Pathway to Personalized Treatment for Cancer

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 1447-1456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J Duffy ◽  
John Crown
Keyword(s):  
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Severe Toxicity ◽  
Viral Oncogene ◽  
Anaplastic Lymphoma ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
Viral Oncogene Homolog

BACKGROUND Companion biomarkers are biomarkers that are used in combination with specific therapies and that prospectively help predict likely response or severe toxicity. In this article we review the role of companion biomarkers in guiding treatment in patients with cancer. CONTENT In addition to the established companion biomarkers such as estrogen receptors and HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) in breast cancer, several new companion biomarkers have become available in recent years. These include v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) mutations for the selection of patients with advanced colorectal cancer who are unlikely to benefit from anti–epidermal growth factor receptor antibodies (cetuximab or panitumumab), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations for selecting patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) for treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (gefitinib or erlotinib), v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) mutations for selecting patients with advanced melanoma for treatment with anti-BRAF agents (vemurafenib and dabrafenib), and anaplastic lymphoma receptor tyrosine kinase (ALK) translocations for identifying patients with NSCLC likely to benefit from crizotinib. SUMMARY The availability of companion biomarkers should improve drug efficacy, decrease toxicity, and lead to a more individualized approach to cancer treatment.

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