scholarly journals The Relationship Between Visual and Auditory Cue Utilization

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 843-847
Author(s):  
Jaime C. Auton ◽  
Mark W. Wiggins ◽  
Daniel Sturman
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cues ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Auditory Cues ◽  
Cue Utilization ◽  
Training Interventions ◽  
Situational Judgement Test ◽  
Auditory Cue ◽  
Situational Judgement ◽  
The Relationship

Within high-risk operational environments, expertise has typically been associated with a greater capacity to extract and utilize task-relevant visual cues during situation assessment. However, a limitation of this literature is its exclusive focus on operators’ use of visual cues, even though cues from other modalities (such as auditory cues) are frequently engaged during this assessment process. Arguably, if the capacity for cue utilization is an underlying skill, those operators who have a greater capacity to use visual cues would also have developed a more nuanced repertoire of non-visual cues. Within the context of electricity distribution control, the current study recruited network operators ( N=89) from twelve Australian Distributed Network Service Providers. Using an online experimental platform, participants’ visual cue utilization was assessed using an online situational judgement test (EXPERTise 2.0). Participants also completed the Auditory Readback Task which assessed their capacity to utilize various auditory cues (namely, final rising intonation, fillers, readback accuracy) when recognising nonunderstandings. The results showed a partial relationship between operator capacity for visual and auditory cue utilization. The outcomes of the current research have practical implications for the design of cue-based training interventions to increase the recognition of communication-related errors within distributed environments.

scholarly journals A Bone Conduction Based Spatial Auditory Display as Part of a Wearable Hybrid Interface

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Barde Brock ◽  
Matt Ward ◽  
William S. Helton ◽  
Mark Billinghurst
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cues ◽  
Bone Conduction ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Auditory Display ◽  
Auditory Cues ◽  
Visual Cue ◽  
Visual Cueing ◽  
Auditory Cue ◽  
Wearable Interface ◽  
Hybrid Interface

Attention redirection trials were carried out using a wearable interface incorporating auditory and visual cues. Visual cues were delivered via the screen on the Recon Jet – a wearable computer resembling a pair of glasses – while auditory cues were delivered over a bone conduction headset. Cueing conditions included the delivery of individual cues, both auditory and visual, and in combination with each other. Results indicate that the use of an auditory cue drastically decreases target acquisition times. This is true especially for targets that fall outside the visual field of view. While auditory cues showed no difference when paired with any of the visual cueing conditions for targets within the field of view of the user, for those outside the field of view a significant improvement in performance was observed. The static visual cue paired with the binaurally spatialised, dynamic auditory cue appeared to provide the best performance in comparison to any other cueing conditions. In the absence of a visual cue, the binaurally spatialised, dynamic auditory cue performed the best.

scholarly journals 191 Performance at Medical School and Foundation Programme Selection Can Predict Success in The MRCS Examination

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Ellis ◽  
D Scrimgeour ◽  
P Brennan ◽  
A Lee ◽  
J Cleland
Keyword(s):  
Medical School ◽  
School Performance ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Significant Independent Predictor ◽  
Situational Judgement Test ◽  
Exam Preparation ◽  
Foundation Programme ◽  
Additional Support ◽  
Situational Judgement ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Identifying factors that predict success in the Membership of the Royal College of Surgeons (MRCS) examination can aid trainees’ exam preparation and help deaneries identify candidates likely to require additional support. We assessed whether performance at Medical School and UK Foundation Programme selection (Educational Performance Measurement (EPM) and Situational Judgement Test (SJT)) predicted MRCS success. Method We analysed data from the UKMED Database for UK graduates who had attempted MRCS Part A (n = 1,975) and Part B (n = 630) between 2013-2017. Univariate analysis examined the relationship between performance and the likelihood of passing MRCS at first attempt. Logistic regression identified independent predictors of MRCS success. Results Each additional EPM decile increased the chances of passing MRCS by 52% for Part A (odds ratio 1.52 [95% confidence interval 1.46-1.60]) and 27% for Part B (1.27 [1.18-1.38]). Each EPM point awarded for degrees increased the likelihood of passing Part A by 29% (1.29 [1.12-1.48]). SJT score was not a statistically significant independent predictor of MRCS success (P>0.05). Conclusions This is the first study to investigate the relationship between UK medical school performance and postgraduate surgical exam success. Higher ranked students are more likely to succeed in the MRCS compared to their lower ranked peers.

scholarly journals Exploring the Impact of Technology-Facilitated Abuse and Its Relationship with Domestic Violence: A Qualitative Study on Experts’ Perceptions

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 233339362110281
Author(s):  
Renee Fiolet ◽  
Cynthia Brown ◽  
Molly Wellington ◽  
Karen Bentley ◽  
Kelsey Hegarty
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Specialist Service ◽  
Data Coding ◽  
Integral Role ◽  
Impact Of Technology ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Inductive Thematic Analysis

Technology-facilitated abuse can be a serious form of domestic violence. Little is known about the relationship between technology-facilitated abuse and other types of domestic violence, or the impact technology-facilitated abuse has on survivors. The aim of this interpretative descriptive study is to understand domestic violence specialist service providers’ perspectives on the impact of technology-facilitated abuse, and the link between technology-facilitated abuse and other forms of domestic violence. A qualitative approach using 15 semi-structured interviews were undertaken with Australian domestic violence specialist practitioners, and three themes were identified through data coding using inductive thematic analysis. Another form of control describes technology-facilitated abuse behaviors as enacting controlling behaviors using new mediums. Amplifies level of fear characterizes the impact of technology-facilitated abuse. A powerful tool to engage others describes opportunities technology offers perpetrators to abuse through engaging others. Findings highlight technology-facilitated abuse’s complexity and integral role in domestic violence and can assist clinicians to understand the impact and harm that can result from technology-facilitated abuse.

The Role of Visual and Auditory Communication in the Performance of a Joint Team Task

2021 ◽  
pp. 001872082110310
Author(s):  
Adam F. Werner ◽  
Jamie C. Gorman
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Ability ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Auditory Cues ◽  
Multiple Resource Theory ◽  
Coupling Mode ◽  
Multiple Resource ◽  
Auditory Cueing ◽  
Performance Trial

Objective This study examines visual, auditory, and the combination of both (bimodal) coupling modes in the performance of a two-person perceptual-motor task, in which one person provides the perceptual inputs and the other the motor inputs. Background Parking a plane or landing a helicopter on a mountain top requires one person to provide motor inputs while another person provides perceptual inputs. Perceptual inputs are communicated either visually, auditorily, or through both cues. Methods One participant drove a remote-controlled car around an obstacle and through a target, while another participant provided auditory, visual, or bimodal cues for steering and acceleration. Difficulty was manipulated using target size. Performance (trial time, path variability), cue rate, and spatial ability were measured. Results Visual coupling outperformed auditory coupling. Bimodal performance was best in the most difficult task condition but also high in the easiest condition. Cue rate predicted performance in all coupling modes. Drivers with lower spatial ability required a faster auditory cue rate, whereas drivers with higher ability performed best with a lower rate. Conclusion Visual cues result in better performance when only one coupling mode is available. As predicted by multiple resource theory, when both cues are available, performance depends more on auditory cueing. In particular, drivers must be able to transform auditory cues into spatial actions. Application Spotters should be trained to provide an appropriate cue rate to match the spatial ability of the driver or pilot. Auditory cues can enhance visual communication when the interpersonal task is visual with spatial outputs.

scholarly journals Algorithmic and human prediction of success in human collaboration from visual features

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Saveski ◽  
Edmond Awad ◽  
Iyad Rahwan ◽  
Manuel Cebrian
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Group Performance ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Adventure Game ◽  
Group Success ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Better Than

AbstractAs groups are increasingly taking over individual experts in many tasks, it is ever more important to understand the determinants of group success. In this paper, we study the patterns of group success in Escape The Room, a physical adventure game in which a group is tasked with escaping a maze by collectively solving a series of puzzles. We investigate (1) the characteristics of successful groups, and (2) how accurately humans and machines can spot them from a group photo. The relationship between these two questions is based on the hypothesis that the characteristics of successful groups are encoded by features that can be spotted in their photo. We analyze >43K group photos (one photo per group) taken after groups have completed the game—from which all explicit performance-signaling information has been removed. First, we find that groups that are larger, older and more gender but less age diverse are significantly more likely to escape. Second, we compare humans and off-the-shelf machine learning algorithms at predicting whether a group escaped or not based on the completion photo. We find that individual guesses by humans achieve 58.3% accuracy, better than random, but worse than machines which display 71.6% accuracy. When humans are trained to guess by observing only four labeled photos, their accuracy increases to 64%. However, training humans on more labeled examples (eight or twelve) leads to a slight, but statistically insignificant improvement in accuracy (67.4%). Humans in the best training condition perform on par with two, but worse than three out of the five machine learning algorithms we evaluated. Our work illustrates the potentials and the limitations of machine learning systems in evaluating group performance and identifying success factors based on sparse visual cues.

scholarly journals An Exploration of the Critical Risk Factors in Sustainable Telecom Services: An Analysis of Indian Telecom Industries

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 445
Author(s):  
Wen-Kuo Chen ◽  
Venkateswarlu Nalluri ◽  
Suresh Ma ◽  
Mei-Min Lin ◽  
Ching-Torng Lin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chain Management ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Telecommunications Industry ◽  
Sustainable Supply Chain ◽  
Chain Management ◽  
Sustainable Supply Chain Management ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Different sources of risk factors can occur in sustainable supply chain management due to its complex nature. The telecommunication service firm cannot implement multiple improvement practices altogether to overcome the risk factors with limited resources. The industries should evaluate the relationship between risk factors and explore the determinants of improvement measures. The purpose of the present study is to identify and analyze critical risk factors (CRFs) for enhancing sustainable supply chain management practices in the Indian telecommunication industry using interpretive structural modelling (ISM). Risk factors are identified through a literature survey, and then with the help of experts, nine CRFs are identified using a fuzzy Delphi method (FDM). The relationship among these CRFs has been analyzed using ISM, and the driving and the dependence power of those CRFs are analyzed. Results indicate that both “government policies (laws and regulations)” and “the impact of rapid change in technology” are independent or key factors that affect the sustainability of the telecommunications supply chain. In addition, results provide significant managerial implications, including enhanced sustainability, and the government should build justice, fairness, open laws, certainties, and regulations to prevent risk in the telecommunications industry supply chain; service providers should monitor the rapidly evolving technologies and focus on technical learning and organizational capacity development to overcome the impact of technological changes. The contribution of this study is using a novel approach to establish a hierarchical structural model for an effective understanding of CRFs relationships and to explore decisive risk factors that can help telecom service providers to better plan and design effective improvement strategies to enhance sustainability supply chain management.

“Experience Isn’t Everything”: How Emotion Affects the Relationship Between Experience and Cue Utilization

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 685-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monique Frances Crane ◽  
Sue Brouwers ◽  
Mark William Wiggins ◽  
Thomas Loveday ◽  
Kirsty Forrest ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Experience Level ◽  
Cue Utilization ◽  
Practice Experience ◽  
Negative Arousal ◽  
Range Anxiety ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: This research examined whether negative and positive arousal emotions modify the relationship between experience level and cue utilization among anesthetists. Background: The capacity of a practitioner to form precise associations between clusters of features (e.g., symptoms) and events (e.g., diagnosis) and then act on them is known as cue utilization. A common assumption is that practice experience allows opportunities for cue acquisition and cue utilization. However, this relationship is often not borne out in research findings. This study investigates the role of emotional state in this relationship. Method: An online tool (EXPERTise 2.0) was used to assess practitioner cue utilization for tasks relevant to anesthesia. The experience of positive and negative arousal emotions in the previous three days was measured, and emotion clusters were generated. Experience was measured as the composite of practice years and hours of practice experience. The moderating role of emotion on the relationship between experience and cue utilization was examined. Results: Data on 125 anesthetists (36% female) were included in the analysis. The predicted interaction between arousal emotions and the experience level emerged. In particular, post hoc analyses revealed that anxiety-related emotions facilitated the likelihood of high cue utilization in less experienced practitioners. Conclusion: The findings suggest a role for emotions in cue use and suggest a functional role for normal range anxiety emotions in a simulated work-relevant task. Application: This research illustrates the importance of understanding the potentially functional effects common negative arousal emotions may have on clinical performance, particularly for those with less experience.

On the Disruption of Visual Memory: Interference Produced by Visual Report Cues

1976 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Merikle
Keyword(s):  
Visual Memory ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Auditory Cues ◽  
Iconic Representation ◽  
Letter Target ◽  
Memory Interference ◽  
Level Of Processing

Report of single letters from centrally-fixated, seven-letter, target rows was probed by either auditory or visual cues. The target rows were presented for 100 ms, and the report cues were single digits which indicated the spatial location of a letter. In three separate experiments, report was always better with the auditory cues. The advantage for the auditory cues was maintained both when target rows were masked by a patterned stimulus and when the auditory cues were presented 500 ms later than comparable visual cues. The results indicate that visual cues produce modality-specific interference which operates at a level of processing beyond iconic representation.

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