“Experience Isn’t Everything”: How Emotion Affects the Relationship Between Experience and Cue Utilization

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 685-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monique Frances Crane ◽  
Sue Brouwers ◽  
Mark William Wiggins ◽  
Thomas Loveday ◽  
Kirsty Forrest ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Experience Level ◽  
Cue Utilization ◽  
Practice Experience ◽  
Negative Arousal ◽  
Range Anxiety ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: This research examined whether negative and positive arousal emotions modify the relationship between experience level and cue utilization among anesthetists. Background: The capacity of a practitioner to form precise associations between clusters of features (e.g., symptoms) and events (e.g., diagnosis) and then act on them is known as cue utilization. A common assumption is that practice experience allows opportunities for cue acquisition and cue utilization. However, this relationship is often not borne out in research findings. This study investigates the role of emotional state in this relationship. Method: An online tool (EXPERTise 2.0) was used to assess practitioner cue utilization for tasks relevant to anesthesia. The experience of positive and negative arousal emotions in the previous three days was measured, and emotion clusters were generated. Experience was measured as the composite of practice years and hours of practice experience. The moderating role of emotion on the relationship between experience and cue utilization was examined. Results: Data on 125 anesthetists (36% female) were included in the analysis. The predicted interaction between arousal emotions and the experience level emerged. In particular, post hoc analyses revealed that anxiety-related emotions facilitated the likelihood of high cue utilization in less experienced practitioners. Conclusion: The findings suggest a role for emotions in cue use and suggest a functional role for normal range anxiety emotions in a simulated work-relevant task. Application: This research illustrates the importance of understanding the potentially functional effects common negative arousal emotions may have on clinical performance, particularly for those with less experience.

Does Childhood Trauma Cause Personality Disorders in Adults?

1998 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Paris
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: To examine the relationship between trauma in childhood and personality disorders in adulthood. Method: A review of the literature was conducted. Results: The reported associations between trauma and personality pathology are illuminated by the following research findings: 1) personality is heritable; 2) only a minority of patients with severe personality disorders report childhood trauma; and 3) children are generally resilient, and traumatic experiences do not consistently lead to psychopathology. Conclusions: The role of trauma in the personality disorders is best understood in the context of gene–environment interactions.

The role of executive functions in academic performance and behaviour of university students

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 444-455
Author(s):  
Carlos Ramos-Galarza ◽  
Pamela Acosta-Rodas ◽  
Mónica Bolaños-Pasquel ◽  
Nancy Lepe-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
University Students ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Proportional Relationship ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is fourfold: first, to analyse the relationship between executive functions and academic performance; second, to identify the level of prediction executive functions have on academic performance; third, to determine the correlation between executive functions and academic performance; and fourth, to compare executive functions based on the level of academic performance. Design/methodology/approach The sample composed of 175 university students aged between 18 and 36 years (M=21.49, SD=3.22). The EFECO scale, the average student grade and a scale based on the diagnostic criteria for ADHD were used as measurement instruments. Findings Difficulties in executive functions: Difficulties in working memory (r=−0.30, p=<0.01) and difficulties in conscious supervision of behaviour (r=−0.29, p⩽0.01) have an inversely proportional relationship to academic performance (the greater the deficit of executive functions, the lower the academic performance). The regression analysis showed that executive functions explain 31 per cent of the variance of academic performance (χ2(25)=43.81, p <0.001). The study found that there is a relationship between all the executive functions and students’ behaviour in a medium to large magnitude. Research limitations/implications A limitation of this study was the size of the sample as it is not representative of the country. Nevertheless, the correlation among the variables studied here has the necessary magnitude for the proposed correlations to be found. Nonetheless, it is necessary that we perform a study with a larger number of participants in order to achieve adequate extrapolation of the results. Practical implications Data found in this study suggest that low academic performance of university students is related to a lower functionality of their executive functions. Originality/value The originality of the research lies in relating specific concepts of neuropsychology to explain the academic performance of university students. The research findings allow us to project new studies to improve the executive functions for the benefit of the university student.

Brand skill: linking brand functionality with consumer-based brand equity

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 477-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayoor Mohan ◽  
Fernando R. Jiménez ◽  
Brian P. Brown ◽  
Caley Cantrell
Keyword(s):  
Brand Equity ◽  
Self Determination Theory ◽  
Simultaneous Estimation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mixed Methods Approach ◽  
Three Stage Least Squares ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to explore the relationship between brand functionality and consumer-based brand equity. Design/methodology/approach A mixed-methods approach was adopted including a qualitative study and multiple survey-based studies. Mediation and moderated-mediation paths were tested using PROCESS and three-stage least squares simultaneous estimation models. Findings Study 1 finds that consumers perceive highly functional brands can enhance their self-competence to perform a task. This phenomenon is labelled brand skill and defined as the extent to which consumers perceive their own performance as emanating from their use of a particular brand. Study 2 finds that brand skill mediates the relationship between brand functionality, brand connection and consumer-based brand equity, while a post hoc study showed that these relationships are robust among private meaning brands. Study 3 demonstrates that these mediated relationships are moderated by the type of dominant benefit the brand provides (i.e. hedonic-versus utilitarian-dominant benefits). Research limitations/implications Based on self-determination theory, brand skill is posited as the link between brand functionality, brand connection and consumer-based brand equity. Practical implications Brand managers are urged to not overlook the role of brand functionality in favor of other non-functional brand dimensions. Brand functionality enhances consumers’ perceived self-competence and fosters brand connection, especially for brands that offer superior utilitarian benefits. Originality/value This is the first study that empirically examines the process by which brand functionality leads to consumer-based brand equity and the role brand skill plays in making that connection.

scholarly journals Kepemimpinan, budaya organisasi dan kinerja: peran mediasi motivasi kerja

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-53
Author(s):  
Muchammad Ismail Hamzah ◽  
Endi Sarwoko
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Work Motivation ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Research Implication ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Indirect Relationship ◽  
The Relationship

This research aims to analyze the direct relationship between leadership, organizational culture on performance, and to analyze the indirect relationship that is mediated by work motivation. The study used a quantitative approach, namely explanatory research, using a sample of 110 research that were taken randomly from certified teachers at junior high schools in Malang Regency. The data were collected using a questionnaire with a 5 point Likert scale, while the data analysis technique used Path Analysis. The research findings showed that performance was influenced by leadership and work motivation, but the leadership was not proven to affect work motivation. Another research finding is that organizational culture does not significantly contribute to performance, but contributes to work motivation, work motivation only mediates the relationship between organizational culture and performance. The research implication is that to improve performance, effective leadership and work motivation are needed, further increasing work motivation can be achieved from strengthening organizational culture. The next researcher is suggested to test the role of leadership on organizational culture.

scholarly journals Impacts of Digital Technostress and Digital Technology Self-Efficacy on Fintech Usage Intention of Chinese Gen Z Consumers

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5077
Author(s):  
You-Kyung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technology ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
Digital Marketing ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Relationship

The role of digital technostress and self-efficacy in digital marketing research is seldom discussed and even more rarely examined among Gen Z consumers. This study investigates the relationships between four sub-dimensions of technostress (complexity, overload, invasion, and uncertainty), digital technology self-efficacy, and fintech usage intention. Data from a total of 266 Chinese Gen Z consumers were used in multiple regression analysis. The results of the study generally support that all sub-dimensions of technostress were negatively related to fintech usage intention. Related to the moderating effects of digital technology self-efficacy on the relationship between the four sub-dimensions of technostress and fintech usage intention, significant interaction effects with complexity and overload were found. Finally, the study discusses the theoretical and managerial implications of the research findings.

The Role of Cue-Based Strategies in Skilled Diagnosis Among Pathologists

2021 ◽  
pp. 001872082199016
Author(s):  
Ann J. Carrigan ◽  
Amanda Charlton ◽  
Elliott Foucar ◽  
Mark W. Wiggins ◽  
Andrew Georgiou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Image ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Cue Utilization ◽  
Behavioral Indicators ◽  
General Ability ◽  
Diagnostic Skills ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Post Hoc

Objective This research was designed to test whether behavioral indicators of pathology-related cue utilization were associated with performance on a diagnostic task. Background Across many domains, including pathology, successful diagnosis depends on pattern recognition that is supported by associations in memory in the form of cues. Previous studies have focused on the specific information or knowledge on which medical image expertise relies. The target in this study is the more general ability to identify and interpret relevant information. Method Data were collected from 54 histopathologists in both conference and online settings. The participants completed a pathology edition of the Expert Intensive Skills Evaluation 2.0 (EXPERTise 2.0) to establish behavioral indicators of context-related cue utilization. They also completed a separate diagnostic task designed to examine related diagnostic skills. Results Behavioral indicators of higher or lower cue utilization were based on the participants’ performance across five tasks. Accounting for the number of cases reported per year, higher cue utilization was associated with greater accuracy on the diagnostic task. A post hoc analysis suggested that higher cue utilization may be associated with a greater capacity to recognize low prevalence cases. Conclusion This study provides support for the role of cue utilization in the development and maintenance of skilled diagnosis amongst pathologists. Application Pathologist training needs to be structured to ensure that learners have the opportunity to form cue-based strategies and associations in memory, especially for less commonly seen diseases.

scholarly journals Instructional Leadership and Role of Module Leaders

2021 ◽  
pp. 105678792110423
Author(s):  
Afzal Sayed Munna
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Instructional Leadership ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Semistructured Interview ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Effective Teaching And Learning ◽  
The Relationship

Leadership plays an important role in an educational establishment as they help to manage the day-to-day activities. Instructional leadership has always played a distinct role in higher education as the role of instructional leadership was always to influence on effective teaching and learning processes. The purpose of this research is intended to identify the role of instructional leadership, including the relationship between instructional leadership and the role of module leaders in higher education using their own institution as a case study. The author conducted a small scall semistructured interview where two programme leaders were selected from the School of Business and Health and Social Care and were approached directly by sending formal email and also over the phone and asked if they were willing to participate. Research findings suggest that instructional leadership enables the programme/module leaders to establish a shared belief around the learning and can improve the learner’s achievement.

scholarly journals The mediating role of perceived administrative support for the effect of job motivation on organizational identification

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 539
Author(s):  
Gökçe Özdemir
Keyword(s):  
School Districts ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Organizational Identification ◽  
Administrative Support ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Job Motivation ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Relationship

In this study, the mediating role of perceived administrative support for the effect of teachers’ job motivation on their organizational identification perceptions was investigated. For this purpose, in mind, the opinions of 320 kindergarten teachers in 304 schools from 13 different school districts of Şahinbey/Gaziantep were received. However, 233 scales were taken into consideration. The research data were collected through Job Motivation Scale (JMS), Organizational Identification Scale (OIS) and Perceived Administrative Support Scale (PASS). Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, and path analysis were used in data analysis. Analysis results revealed that the job motivation perceptions of teachers were high. In addition, it was revealed that the participants also had high scores for organizational identification and perceived administrative support. Correlation analyses yielded positive, moderate and significant relationships between the research variables. Path analysis uncovered that perceived administrative support had a “partial mediating” role for the relationship between job motivation and organizational identification. Based on research findings, it was concluded that the effect of job motivation on teachers’ identification with their organizations was realized through perceived administrative support, albeit partially.

scholarly journals The Role of Employee Engagement Mediates the Relationship of the Work Environment, Teamwork on Employee Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-148
Author(s):  
Paulino Mendonca ◽  
I Gede Riana ◽  
Augusto da Conceição Soares
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
Employee Engagement ◽  
Employee Involvement ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Master Program ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Paulino Mendonca, Master Program in Management Sciences, Magister Program Institute of Business IOB. The Role of Employee Engagement Influence Work Enviroment, Teamwork on Employee Performance. Commission of Supervisor I: Dr. I Gede Riana, SE., MM, Commission of Supervisor II: Dr. Augusto Da C. Soares, SE., MM. This study aims to analysis (1) influence of the work environment on employee performance, (2) influence of the work environment on employee involvement, (3) influence of teamwork on employee performance, (4) influence of teamwork on employee involvement, (5) the effect of employee involvement on employees performance, (6) the role of employee involvement mediates the working environment relationship on employee performance, (7) the role of employee involvement mediates teamwork relationship to employee performance. The population in this study was 680 of all MAP employees at the Dili, the sample using the slovin formula so as to get 156. Data were analyzed using the Smart-PLS The research findings the work environment, teamwork, influence positive not significantly to employee performance. This research shows that work environment, teamwork is not able to improve employee performance. The effect of work involvement on employee performance found that involvement had a positive significant effect on employee performance. The role of employee involvement mediates the working environment relationship, teamwork is full mediation. Keywords: Work Environment, Teamwork, Employee Engagement, Employee Performance.

scholarly journals The role of management changes in the auditor's report

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Shaban Mohammadi ◽  
Hamid Saremi ◽  
Mina Almasi
Keyword(s):  
Change Management ◽  
Firm Size ◽  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Audit Fees ◽  
Debt Ratio ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Management Audit ◽  
Management Changes ◽  
The Relationship

<p>The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between the company management and auditors have commented. This in-clouds the period from 2002 to 2012. The study sample included 100 companies from a number of listed companies on the Stock Ex-change in Tehran. This research is a correlation. Test hypotheses based on multivariate regression was performed. research findings indicate that the auditor's opinion the most affected factors such as change management, audit fees, auditor's term of office, firm size, debt ratio, the ratio of profit and loss is reported. The results emphasize that the management of change increases, the number of items before the said paragraph comments reduced.</p>

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