Human Factors in Interactive Machine Learning: A Cybersecurity Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 1495-1499
Author(s):  
Mark H. Chignell ◽  
Mu-Huan Chung ◽  
Yuhong Yang ◽  
Greg Cento ◽  
Abhay Raman
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Explicit Knowledge ◽  
Implicit Knowledge ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Transfer Data ◽  
Interactive Machine Learning

Cybersecurity is emerging as a major issue for many organizations and countries. Machine learning has been used to recognize threats, but it is difficult to predict future threats based on past events, since malicious attackers are constantly finding ways to circumvent defences and the algorithms that they rely on. Interactive Machine learning (iML) has been developed as a way to combine human and algorithmic expertise in a variety of domains and we are currently applying it to cybersecurity. In this application of iML, implicit knowledge about human behaviour, and about the changing nature of threats, can supplement the explicit knowledge encoded in algorithms to create more effective defences against cyber-attacks. In this paper we present the example problem of data exfiltration where insiders, or outsiders masquerading as insiders, who copy and transfer data maliciously, against the interests of an organization. We will review human factors issues associated with the development of iML solutions for data exfiltration. We also present a case study involving development of an iML solution for a large financial services company. In this case study we review work carried out on developing visualization dashboards and discussing prospects for further iML integration. Our goal in writing this paper is to motivate future researchers to consider the role of the human more fully in ML, not only in the data exfiltration and cybersecurity domain but also in a range of other applications where human expertise is important and needs to combine with ML prediction to solve challenging problems.

Enhancing User Experience in Financial Services

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-22
Author(s):  
Fatma Molu ◽  
Nur Findik ◽  
Mustafa Dalci
Keyword(s):  
User Experience ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Customer Relationship ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
User Research ◽  
Banking Service ◽  
Digital Environments

The domain of User Experience (UX) involves studying, designing for and evaluating the experiences that people have through the use of a system. This use takes place in a specific context, which has an impact on, or contributes to, the UX. As enterprises make a focus on the customer integral to their strategies, they need to recognize that technology developments are changing the customer relationship. In today's world, a great number of interactions between financial services and their customers have moved to digital environments and as a result a user interface design's significance increases in shaping the digital, financial experience.Based on this increasing importance, this paper proposes the role of usability studies for return on investment, along with a case study carried out in Kuveyt Turk Participation Bank. It involves an extended user research of online bank services which resulted with new specifications to be applied in the new corporate online banking service.

Privatisation and the Development of Tourism in the Czech Republic and Slovakia: Property Rights, Firm Performance, and Recombinant Property

2000 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan M Williams ◽  
Vladimir Baláž
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Neoliberal Reforms ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Level Performance

Privatisation is one of the key elements of the package of neoliberal reforms in the transition economies of Central and Eastern Europe which collectively constitute the ‘sharp shock’ strategy. In this, privatisation is ascribed the role of redistributing and clarifying property rights, which is an assumed precondition for efficiency improvements in individual firms. In practice, the transformation is characterised by path dependency, cultural and political legacies, and uneven and partial reform of market institutions and of regulation. We contribute to the debate on the link between property rights and firm-level performance in three main ways. First, we analyse the tourism sector as a counterbalance to the emphasis in the existing literature on manufacturing and financial services; particular emphasis is given to the roles of ‘operators’ and the ‘nomenklatura’, and to complex, nonlinear shifts in property rights. Second, we assess the performance of tourism firms created by different forms of creative and distributive privatisation; this emphasises the diversity of property rights, market segmentation, and the capital and debt structures of firms. Third, the value of the concept of ‘recombinant’ property for analysing the complex and changing forms of property rights is critiqued. These arguments are illustrated through a case study of tourism in the Czech Republic and Slovakia.

Innovation and Financial Inclusion in Kenya Innovation and Financial Inclusion in Kenya

2017 ◽  
pp. 207-227
Author(s):  
Josphat Njuguna Omanga ◽  
Johannes Kabderian Dreyer
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Financial Innovation ◽  
Disruptive Innovation ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Mobile Service ◽  
Informal Providers ◽  
Money Transfers

This chapter analyzes the role of financial innovation and mobile phone technologies to financial inclusion in Kenya. In order to do so, a case study on M-PESA is conducted, the leading mobile service of money transfers in Africa, which is offered by Safaricom. M-PESA services are cheap and easy to use in comparison to other formal and informal providers of financial services. It solves two different problems in Kenya: customers do not have to travel anymore long distances to reach financial services and more people can afford them. As result and in line with the literature, this chapter suggests that M-PESA services can be considered a type of disruptive innovation that promotes financial inclusion and wealth growth in Kenya.

scholarly journals The Effect of Employee Empowerment and Work Stress on Employee Organizational Commitment Mediated by Job Satisfaction (Case Study of Financial Services Cooperatives in Denpasar)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-103
Author(s):  
I Gede Suriadnyana
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Employee Empowerment

A cooperative is a business entity owned and operated by an individual for the benefit of members. The business outgrowth is aligned with the small-medium business expansion in the local area, Bali as general. The objectives of this study are to examine the effect of employee empowerment, job stress, organizational commitment, job satisfaction at the Financial Services Cooperative in Denpasar and to examine the role of job satisfaction in mediating the effect of employee empowerment on organizational commitment at the Financial Services Cooperative in Denpasar. The data for this study conducted from representable cooperatives in Denpasar based on the criteria of a minimum asset, and Good cooperate governance score, this researched collected 63 numbers of respondents by random sampling method. This study is implemented qualitative and quantitative research by spreading the questionnaire to the respondence and also interviewed after the respondence filled up the questionnaire, Partial least square (PLS) has been used as hypothesis testing. The results of this study show that (1). Employee empowerment process is effect positively significant to job satisfaction for the cooperatives employment, (2). Work field pressure has a positive effect on job satisfaction, (3). Work field pressure is positive but insignificantly effect to the organizational commitment, (4). Job satisfaction is showing positive insignificant effect toward the organizational commitment, (5). This research found that mediation factor between commitment and employee empowerment is work satisfaction.

scholarly journals TCS: ‘Hazir SubKuch’—Making Everything Present

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-35
Author(s):  
Mohsin Nasir Jat ◽  
Muhammad Shakeel Sadiq Jajja
Keyword(s):  
Customer Service ◽  
Service Provider ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Digital Printing ◽  
Logistics Service ◽  
Visa Application ◽  
Warehousing And Distribution ◽  
A Company

The case describes the journey of TCS as it became Pakistan’s leading logistics service provider. It highlights how and when TCS acquired different logistics and other value-adding capabilities and how these capabilities, in turn, complimented the diverse logistics services that TCS offered to a wide variety of businesses. TCS had been offering a top-notch Express and Logistics service around Pakistan for 30 years. TCS started as a company providing secure distribution of letters and packages. Customers perceived TCS as a shipping solution provider for all their goods transportation needs which included parcels, documents, E-commerce products and even their groceries. Table 1 of the case study highlights that TCS had taken up some unique and new initiatives. TCS handled four main clientele areas: Corporate, Consumer, International and E-commerce. For consumer wing, TCS oversaw bookings of documents and parcels at the express centres, door-to-door containerized shipments, domestic and international air ticketing, visa application drop box facility for various countries and financial services in the form of insurance plans. On the corporate side, TCS provided warehousing and distribution, digital printing and bulk mail solutions. International and e-commerce both catered consumer and corporate segments. Over the last decade, TCS had established a warehousing and distribution wing and a mail management and printing facility. Other ventures and services that TCS offered were Visatronix, Hazir, Home Movers, E-COM, TCS Aviation, Mail Management System, Warehouse and Distribution, Intiana, Sentiments express and Octra. The case focusses on the decision of whether or not to run an ambitious new logistics service, that is, Hazir SubKuch (HSK), meant to deliver anything non-prohibited that a customer wanted, on a crowdsourcing model. In the proposed crowdsourcing model, after training and evaluation, anyone could assume the role of a customer service provider by connecting to the system remotely. Similarly, pickup and delivery jobs could be performed under an Uber-like model by anyone who owned a ride and had smartphone connectivity. The service was a brainchild of the new CEO, hired by the founder and chairman as part of the new management team to bring a fresh dynamism in the company.

The Role of Human Factors in Requirements Engineering in Health Care: A Case Study in the Brazilianhealth Care System

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Alessandro Jatobá ◽  
Amauri M. Da Cunha ◽  
Catherine M. Burns ◽  
Mario Cesar R. Vidal ◽  
Paulo Victor R. De Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Requirements Engineering ◽  
Care System

The Failure of Corporate Governance at Infrastructure Leasing and Financial Services Limited: Lessons Learnt

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-76
Author(s):  
Gagan Kukreja ◽  
Sanjay Gupta ◽  
Meena Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Stock Market ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Agency Problem ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Senior Management ◽  
Unethical Practices ◽  
The Government

This case study investigates multiple issues related to corporate governance, regulations, auditing and financial reporting of Infrastructure Leasing and Financial Services Limited (IL&FS). Combinations of these issues resulted in default in payment obligations by IL&FS in August 2018 originated from the agency problem. It posed a substantial systematic risk to the whole financial system of India. This case study highlights the severe drawback of concentration of decision-making and unprofessional work ethics at the senior management level. Further, the case study also provides the opportunity to discuss the inappropriate regulations and governance practices which cause a severe problem in long-standing and prominent organizations like IL&FS. Research Questions: (a) Discuss the vital role of corporate governance in major corporations and the reasons behind governance failures. (b) How did asset–liability mismatch create liquidity problems in a company which deals with long-term projects? (c) How does lack of a proper and unified regulatory framework for Non-Banking Financial Corporation (NBFC) harm investors’ interest? Link to Theory: This case study provides an opportunity to learn the role of corporate governance in NBFC. This case demonstrates the problems arisen because of agency problem and conflict of interest among real-world stakeholders. The case study also highlights the importance of assets–liabilities management in a strategically important organization like IL&FS. Phenomenon Studied: This case study attempts to understand the potential problems that occurred in IL&FS from the failure of good governance, lack of unified regulations for NBFCs and non-adherence of professional responsibilities by the external auditors. Case Context: The case study explores the vital role of the infrastructure development and financing companies in developing economies like India and how it may affect other vital entities of the financial system. Further, it demonstrates how unethical practices at senior management and lack of unified regulations can harm the organization. Findings: The research study found senior management’s potential involvement in unethical practices while managing the company. The financial statements did not reflect the true and fair picture of the entity, which misled investors and other stakeholders. It created chaos in the stock market, resulting in a loss to shareholders. The government set up a new board to restore the confidence of the stock market. Further, the government started to address the problems that arose. Discussions: The case of IL&FS by default, at first glance, looks like a case of asset–liability mismatch due to the lack of supervisory roles of the board and senior management’s massive regulatory failure. It is shocking how under the nose of regulators like Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) and Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) a default of this scale could take place. How could IL&FS group grow unchecked into a massive 348 entity. It appeared that regulators, marquee shareholders (banks and institutions), and the board of directors failed in their fiduciary obligation to regulate and supervise IL&FS.

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