Comparison of Memory Tests for Environmental Research

1980 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 349-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary M. Harbeson ◽  
Michele Krause ◽  
Robert S. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Human Performance ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Present Form ◽  
Test Battery ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Memory Research ◽  
Memory Tests ◽  
Enlisted Men ◽  
Task Definition ◽  
Statistical Criteria

Four memory tests were considered for inclusion in a human performance test battery. The tests were administered to 23 Navy enlisted men for 15 consecutive days. Group means, standard deviations, and cross-session correlations were examined. Two of the tests, Interference Susceptibility and Free Recall, met the initial statistical criteria for inclusion in the test battery. However, the other tests, Running Recognition and List Differentiation failed to show sufficient task definition and reliability in their present form. These tests are compared with each other and with previous memory research studies.

Stabilization and Task Definition in a Performance Test Battery

1979 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 536-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marshall B. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Performance Test ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Test Battery ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
General Change ◽  
Task Definition ◽  
Repeated Administrations ◽  
Differential Stability ◽  
And Task ◽  
A Performance

Most tasks show practice effects with repeated administrations, effects that may appear in the group mean, the variance among subjects, or the correlations over subjects among trials or repeated testings. Fortunately, there comes a point in many tasks after which practice no longer produces changes in performance; as we will put it, the task stabilizes. Stabilization in this sense is a key phenomenon for performance testing, the prediction of individual behavior, and the theory of personality. It is also desirable that a task be well-defined, that is, that the average correlation among stabilized trials be high (greater than .80). The paper focuses on differential stability, that is, constancy in the positions of individual subjects relative to one another from one trial to the next. Instability or differential change over a set of consecutive trials may appear either within that set of trials (local change) or between the set and other tasks or preceding trials on the sane task (general change). Of the two forms of differential stability or change the latter, general change, is much the more important. The paper concludes with a brief summary of stabilization and task definition in ten tasks currently under consideration for inclusion in a performance test battery for environmental research.

Performance Evaluation Tests for Environmental Research (Peter): Wonderlic Personnel Test

1982 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 635-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Mackaman ◽  
A. C. Bittner ◽  
M. M. Harbeson ◽  
R. S. Kennedy ◽  
D. A. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
High School Graduates ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Standard Score ◽  
Enlisted Men ◽  
Task Definition ◽  
Parallel Forms ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Personnel Test

To ascertain the suitability of the Wonderlic Personnel Test for inclusion in a battery of Performance Evaluation Tests for Environmental Research (PETER) parallel forms were administered daily, without coaching or feedback, for 19 consecutive work days to 13 Navy enlisted men who were high school graduates. Over Days 1 to 10 and 18 to 19, unique forms were administered; forms were repeated over Days 11 to 17. The mean score significantly increased from about 23 to 29 amounting to 0.7 standard score units. Subsequent to Day 4, the change in performance was linear and accounted for 57% of the Days 5 to 19 variation. The standard deviations were homogeneous over all repeated and unrepeated days, and the reliability correlations were differentially stable across all days, with a task definition of r = .70. The group mean increase of more than 21 percentile points on the Wonderlic has implications for selection and counseling. It is noteworthy that the average subject in our group scored equal to “stenographer” or “draftsman” on the first occasion but typical of “engineer” or “accountant” on the last. It was concluded that the Wonderlic is suitable for inclusion in PETER.

Performance Evaluation Tests for Environmental Research (Peter): Evaluation of 114 Measures

1986 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 683-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvah C. Bittner ◽  
Robert C. Carter ◽  
Robert S. Kennedy ◽  
Mary M. Harbeson ◽  
Michele Krause
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Environmental Studies ◽  
Acceptable Level ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Human Capabilities ◽  
Task Definition ◽  
And Task

The goal of the Performance Evaluation Tests for Environmental Research (PETER) Program was to identify a set of measures of human capabilities for use in the study of environmental and other time-course effects. 114 measures studied in the PETER Program were evaluated and categorized into four groups based upon task stability and task definition. The Recommended category contained 30 measures that clearly obtained total stabilization and had an acceptable level of reliability efficiency. The Acceptable-But-Redundant category contained 15 measures. The 37 measures in the Marginal category, which included an inordinate number of slope and other derived measures, usually had desirable features which were outweighed by faults. The 32 measures in the Unacceptable category had either differential instability or weak reliability efficiency. It is our opinion that the 30 measures in the Recommended category should be given first consideration for environmental research applications. Further, it is recommended that information pertaining to preexperimental practice requirements and stabilized reliabilities should be utilized in repeated-measures environmental studies.

scholarly journals Poor functional performance 1 year after ACL reconstruction increases the risk of early osteoarthritis progression

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 546-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brooke Patterson ◽  
Adam Geoffrey Culvenor ◽  
Christian J Barton ◽  
Ali Guermazi ◽  
Joshua Stefanik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acl Reconstruction ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
International Knee Documentation Committee ◽  
Test Battery ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Early Osteoarthritis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Osteoarthritis Progression

BackgroundNot meeting functional performance criteria increases reinjury risk after ACL reconstruction (ACLR), but the implications for osteoarthritis are not well known.ObjectiveTo determine if poor functional performance post-ACLR is associated with risk of worsening early osteoarthritis features, knee symptoms, function and quality of life (QoL).MethodsSeventy-eight participants (48 men) aged 28±15 years completed a functional performance test battery (three hop tests, one-leg-rise) 1 year post-ACLR. Poor functional performance was defined as <90% limb symmetry index (LSI) on each test. At 1 and 5 years, MRI, Knee injury Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective form were completed. Primary outcomes were: (i) worsening patellofemoral and tibiofemoral MRI-osteoarthritis features (cartilage, bone marrow lesions (BMLs) and meniscus) and (ii) change in KOOS and IKDC scores, between 1 and 5 years.ResultsOnly 14 (18%) passed (≥90% LSI on all tests) the functional test battery. Poor functional performance on the battery (all four tests <90% LSI) 1 year post-ACLR was associated with 3.66 times (95% CI 1.12 to 12.01) greater risk of worsening patellofemoral BMLs. A triple-crossover hop <90% LSI was associated with 2.09 (95% CI 1.15 to 3.81) times greater risk of worsening patellofemoral cartilage. There was generally no association between functional performance and tibiofemoral MRI-osteoarthritis features, or KOOS/IKDC scores.ConclusionOnly one in five participants met common functional performance criteria (≥90% LSI all four tests) 1 year post-ACLR. Poor function on all four tests was associated with a 3.66 times increased risk of worsening patellofemoral BMLs, and generally not associated with decline in self-reported outcomes.

Repeated Measures of Information Processing

1982 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 818-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary M. Harbeson ◽  
Robert S. Kennedy ◽  
Michele Krause ◽  
Alvah C. Bittner
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Score Test ◽  
Enlisted Men ◽  
Task Definition ◽  
Alternate Forms ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Rose

Two information processing tasks were considered for inclusion in a test battery which was being developed for repeated measures investigations of adverse environmental effects. The tests, adapted from the Rose Battery were: Baron's Graphemic and Phonemic Analysis, and Posner's Letter Classification. Alternate forms of the the tests were administered on 15 consecutive workdays (Monday to Friday) to 21 Navy enlisted men. A total of 23 measures were taken. These scores were examined to determine when in practice they obtained unchanging or linearly changing means, homogeneous variances, and constant (differentially stable) intertrial correlations of an acceptably high level (task definition). In general, correlations of the basic measures tended to become stable with sufficient practice, but derived measures such as difference, slope, and ratio scores did not attain stability. The Baron and Posner tasks had high reliabilities and were highly correlated with each other. Preliminary analysis indicated that both tests may be measuring the same thing. Either the Baron SN or Posner Name score, test may be recommended for repeated measures experimentation.

Development of Performance Evaluation Tests for Environmental Research (Peter): Arithmetic Computation

1980 ◽  
Vol 51 (3_suppl2) ◽  
pp. 1023-1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Seales ◽  
R. S. Kennedy ◽  
A. C. Bittner
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Simple Arithmetic ◽  
Task Definition ◽  
Baseline Testing ◽  
Differential Stability ◽  
Paper And Pencil ◽  
Arithmetic Computation

A paper-and-pencil test of simple arithmetic ability was exceptionally well suited for inclusion in a battery of Performance Evaluation Tests for Environmental Research (PETER). Mean performance stabilized after nine days of baseline testing. Variance was constant throughout 15 days of baseline testing. “Task definition” was high, and “differential stability” was present from the outset. Subjects apparently came to this test with well established differential levels of arithmetic ability.

Performance Evaluation Tests for Environmental Research (Peter): Bibliography

1983 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 283-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Harbeson ◽  
A. C. Bittner ◽  
R. S. Kennedy ◽  
R. C. Carter ◽  
M. Krause
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Equipment Design ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Statistical Methodology ◽  
Vehicle Motion

Listed are 90 reports of the Performance Evaluation Tests for Environmental Research (PETER) Program. Conducted from 1977 to 1982, the programs' purpose was to develop a test battery for use in repeated measures investigations of environmental effects on human performance, e.g., vehicle motion, toxic substances, aging, etc. The battery also has applications to training, selection, and research on equipment design. The PETER Program concentrated on selecting tests which remained stable with repeated measurements, as environmental research usually involves testing before, during, and after exposure. Stability of the means, variances, and intertrial correlations ensures that simple analyses may be applied with minimal complications and without difficulties of attribution of effect. Over 80 measures were evaluated, 30% were found suitable for repeated measures applications, 20% were acceptable for limited use, and 50% could not be recommended. The unsuitability of many tasks brings into question the validity of portions of the literature on environmental effects. The reports describe program rationale, development of statistical methodology, and stable tasks. PETER reports are available from published sources, authors, or the Naval Biodynamics Laboratory.

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