The Effects of a Raised Label Border on Warning Effectiveness Measures

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 811-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Kalsher ◽  
Michael B. Cote ◽  
Matthew V. Champagne ◽  
Michael S. Wogalter
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Product ◽  
Warning Label ◽  
Product Use ◽  
Warning Message ◽  
The Impact

Research has examined various factors that influence warning effectiveness. Virtually no research, however, has explored the possibility of improving warnings by incorporating hepatic (touch) cues. The present study assessed the impact of adding a raised border surrounding the warning message on a common consumer product (glue). The raised border warning was compared to the same warning without a raised border and a no-warning control in the context of actual product use (constructing a model airplane). Results indicated that the raised border significantly increased the noticeability, comprehension, and recall of the warning label compared to a no-warning control. There was a trend for compliance to be highest for the raised border condition, but it was not statistically significant. Implications for improving warning design are discussed.

scholarly journals Assessing cigarette packaging and labelling policy effects on early adolescents: results from a discrete choice experiment

2020 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2019-055463
Author(s):  
Inti Barrientos-Gutierrez ◽  
Farahnaz Islam ◽  
Yoo Jin Cho ◽  
Ramzi George Salloum ◽  
Jordan Louviere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Choice Experiment ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Early Adolescents ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Brand Name ◽  
Warning Label ◽  
Plain Packaging ◽  
Tobacco Marketing ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionCigarette packaging is a primary channel for tobacco advertising, particularly in countries where traditional channels are restricted. The current study evaluated the independent and interactive effects of cigarette packaging and health warning label (HWL) characteristics on perceived appeal of cigarette brands for early adolescents in Mexico.MethodsA discrete choice experiment (DCE) was conducted with early adolescents, aged 12–14 years (n=4251). The DCE involved a 3×25 design with six attributes: brand (Marlboro, Pall Mall, Camel), tobacco flavour (regular, menthol), flavour capsule (none, 1 or 2 capsules), presence of descriptive terms, branding (vs plain packaging), HWL size (30%, 75%) and HWL content (emphysema vs mouth cancer). Participants viewed eight sets of three cigarette packs and selected a pack in each set that: (1) is most/least attractive, (2) they are most/least interested in trying or (3) is most/least harmful, with a no difference option.ResultsParticipants perceived packs as less attractive, less interesting to try and more harmful if they had plain packaging or had larger HWLs, with the effect being most pronounced when plain packaging is combined with larger HWLs. For attractiveness, plain packaging had the biggest influence on choice (43%), followed by HWL size (19%). Interest in trying was most influenced by brand name (34%), followed by plain packaging (29%). Perceived harm was most influenced by brand name (30%), followed by HWL size (29%).ConclusionIncreasing the size of HWLs and implementing plain packaging appear to reduce the appeal of cigarettes to early adolescents. Countries should adopt these policies to minimise the impact of tobacco marketing.

scholarly journals The impact of pictorial warning attached on cigarette packet to the attitude of smoking habit

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (Number 1) ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
Dr. Kamrun Nahar ◽  
Prof. Dr. Belal Ahmed ◽  
Prof. Dr. Md. Khorshed Alam
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Warning Message ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

This was a cross sectional descriptive study conducted to assess the effect pictorial warning message on cigarette packets to the attitude and practice of smokers using a semi-structured questionnaire employing purposive sampling technique with a sample size of 214 by face to face interview carried out in different cities, towns, and villages of Bangladesh from August 2016 to February 2017. Almost 97.6% were male and Most of the respondents (40.9%) belonged to the 20-29 years age group. Majority (58.3%) of them were educated from secondary to graduate few percent below primary. Highest 22.9% respondents were students followed by 17.6% private job holder, 16.9% day labor and only 1.4% was jobless. About 40.2% started smoking by the influence of friends, 26.2% started on curiosity and 20% due to depression and majority 41.0% smoked 1-5 cigarette sticks per day. More than half (65.5%) of respondents felt relax to refreshing by smoking and about two third 77.6% continued their smoking due to habitual act or psychological pleasure Almost 93.4% gave attention to the pictorial warning on the cigarette packets. About 46.4% thought pictorial warning in cigarette packets alarms for not to smoke and only 23.8% thought smoking will cause cancer; 21.4% thought smoking is injurious to health. After seeing the pictorial warning on cigarettes 57.6% reduced the smoking number of sticks per day also attempted to quit smoking. To reduce this restricting the advertisement of tobacco, arranging campaign to raise awareness among people about the health and environmental hazards of smoking and increase the tax on tobacco.

scholarly journals Impact of nutrient warning labels on choice of ultra-processed food and drinks high in sugar, sodium, and saturated fat in Colombia: A randomized controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercedes Mora-Plazas ◽  
Isabella Higgins ◽  
Luis Fernando Gomez ◽  
Marissa G. Hall ◽  
Maria Fernanda Parra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Warning Label ◽  
Warning Labels ◽  
Breakfast Cereal ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Label Condition ◽  
Fruit Drink ◽  
The Impact

Abstract BackgroundFront-of-package nutrient warning labels are one promising policy to inform healthier food choices and purchasing decisions. This study aimed to identify the impact of nutrient warning labels on product selection and the ability to correctly identify products with an excess of critical nutrients, among other outcomes in Colombia.MethodsWe conducted an online randomized experiment among 8,061 Colombian adults in October 2020. Participants were randomly assigned to a front-of-package label condition: nutrient warning, guideline daily amounts (GDA), Nutri-Score, or a no-label condition. First, they viewed a fruit drink with added sugar that was labeled per their assigned condition and one without added sugar, which was only labeled in the GDA and Nutri-Score conditions, and completed selection tasks. The primary outcomes were 1) selection of the fruit drink with added sugar as the fruit drink they would rather buy and 2) correctly identifying which fruit drink was higher in sugar. Next, they viewed four food products (cookies, yogurt, sliced bread, and breakfast cereal) with their assigned condition and answered a series of questions. Finally, they selected which of the three label types would most discourage them from consuming a specified ultra-processed food.ResultsFewer participants in the nutrient warning condition (20%) selected the added sugar fruit drink as the product they would rather buy compared to 24% in the GDA condition (p<.01), 29% in the no-label condition, and 33% in the Nutri-Score condition (both, p<.001). More participants in the nutrient warning condition (88%) correctly identified the fruit drink higher in sugar compared to the no-label condition (68%) and the Nutri-Score condition (65%) (both, p<.001). More participants in the GDA condition (91%) correctly identified the fruit drink higher in sugar compared to the nutrient warning condition (p<.01). Most participants (72%) selected the nutrient warning label as most discouraging, while only 20% selected the GDA label and 9% selected the Nutri-Score label.ConclusionsNutrient warning labels are a promising policy strategy to prevent obesity and diet-related non-communicable diseases in Colombia. Future research is needed to understand the impact of nutrient warning labels on actual ultra-processed food purchases in Colombia. Trial Registration: NCT04567004

scholarly journals The Impact of Perioperative Viscoelastic Test Application on Blood Product Usage and Outcome in Cardiac Surgery; Regional Cardiac Surgery Center Experience

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Aksun ◽  
Saliha Aksun ◽  
Mehmet Ali Çoşar ◽  
Elif Neziroğlu ◽  
Senem Girgin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Clinical Experience ◽  
Heart Surgery ◽  
Blood Product ◽  
Open Heart Surgery ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Open Heart ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
Product Use ◽  
The Impact

Objective: Thromboelastography (TEG) is a diagnostic modality that gives information about coagulation. Despite all blood-preserving precautions in open heart surgery there are blood losses and the use of blood and blood products becomes inevitable. TEG is mostly not available in every center and habits, trends and clinical experience in blood use create the possibility of causing unnecessary use of blood and blood products. In this study, it was aimed to determine the effect of the use of thromboelastography on the use of blood and blood products in cardiac surgery. Methods: Two hundred patients between 18-70 years old who underwent open heart surgery were included in the study. After the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), the cases were confirmed to have an Activated Clotting Time (ACT) value in the range of 120-150 sec after protamine administration. In 100 patients in the TEG group, the coagulation status was evaluated with TEG and it was decided how to apply blood and blood product use. Blood and blood product use was applied to 100 patients in the control group based on clinical experience and foresight. The total amount of blood and blood product used, fluid balance, need for inotropics, mechanical ventilator time, complications, duration of intensive care and discharge times were recorded. Results: Use of Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP) at the after CPB in the TEG group was statistically significantly lower than that of the control group FFP (p<0.05). Postoperative FFP and postoperative platelet use in the study group were statistically significantly lower than in the postoperative FFP and postoperative platelet values of the control group (p <0.05). Conclusion: The use of thromboelastography is a very useful monitoring in terms of reducing FFP use after CPB and reducing FFP and platelet usage in the postoperative period. In this way, the unnecessary use of blood and blood products can be prevented.

The Impact of Electronic Reference Content and Discovery on Publishers

2011 ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Peter Tobey
Keyword(s):  
Content Sharing ◽  
Product Use ◽  
Content Discovery ◽  
Simultaneous Use ◽  
Electronic Content ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

The introduction of electronic reference sources has changed the landscape for publishers of traditional, vetted reference content. Sharing content, simultaneous use, pricing electronic content for a fair reward, accountability for product use, patron-driven selection of content, and the importance of content discovery are several of the issues and challenges that publishers are grappling with. These issues and challenges are presented from a publisher’s perspective and serve as an introduction to the myriad issues with electronic reference discovery and context.

Shopping online? The role of imagination and gender

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 2604-2628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manveer K. Mann ◽  
Yuping Liu-Thompkins
Keyword(s):  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Product Evaluation ◽  
Brand Experience ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Female Consumers ◽  
Product Use ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This study aims to examine gender differences in the impact of imagining product use on purchase decisions. The authors argue that while imagination can enhance purchase intention for female consumers, it can be detrimental to male consumers. This study explores the conditions under which imagination can be turned into a positive device for male consumers. Design/methodology/approach Three experimental studies were conducted. The first two studies illustrate the differential effects of imagination on males vs females. Given the negative effect found among males, the third study focused exclusively on male consumers to identify conditions under which the negative impact of imagination on these consumers can be alleviated. Findings Studies 1 and 2 show that while an imagination tactic has positive or no effect on female consumers, a generic imagination request lowers male consumers’ purchase intention. Focusing on potential ways of alleviating this negative effect, Study 3 shows that for males without prior brand ownership experience, imagining product use in a less-typical context can increase purchase intention. Research limitations/implications The results provide evidence that gender impacts the effectiveness of imagination in improving product evaluation. Furthermore, the context of imagination and previous brand experience can be used together to determine how male consumers respond to imagination. Practical implications The study’s findings warn against the blind use of imagination tactics. Instead, retailers need to customize imagination tactics based on gender, previous brand experience and product usage context. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is one of the first papers to examine the impact of gender on the influence of imagination on product evaluation.

The Impact of the Saccharin Warning Label on Sales of Diet Soft Drinks in Supermarkets

1983 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond E. Schucker ◽  
Raymond C. Stokes ◽  
Michael L. Stewart ◽  
Douglas P. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Early Response ◽  
Soft Drinks ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Delayed Response ◽  
Warning Label ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Household Heads ◽  
The Impact

Responding to public protest against an FDA-proposed ban on saccharin, Congress in 1977 passed legislation placing a temporary moratorium on the ban and framing the language of a warning label to be required on saccharin-containing products. Appearance of the warning label on diet soft drinks was associated with a short-term reduction in the rate of growth of sales in grocery stores. There was early response to the warning in neighborhoods with a high proportion of college-educated household heads, delayed response in neighborhoods with high concentrations of children, and no change in stores serving neighborhoods with high concentrations of the elderly and households heads with less than high school education. Public policy implications are discussed.

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